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The Hill 50 Gold Mine is situated at Boogardie, 3 miles on a bearing of 295 degrees from; Mount Magnet township. Mount Magnet lies 300 miles north-north-east of Perth, Western Australia (Fig. 1).The older workings of the mine may be identified with those of Sirdar, Gold Mining Lease 696M The Sirdar had been worked before 1902 though no records remain, and irom 1903 to 1912 about a thousana tons at a grade of 6' 2 dwt. was extracted annually; by the end of 1918 6,225 oz. of gold had been obtained from the milling of 17,852 tons of ore. In view of these yields, and the length and width of the lode, this mine was early recognized as one of the most promising in the district. From 1919 to 1924 the ground,including G.M.L. 1282M, was held as Mt. Zion G.M.L. 1183M.The Hill 50 Gold Mine N.L. company took up the workings as Hill 50 G.M.L. 1282M in 1934 and have continued operations to the date of writing. To the end of 1956 the Hill 50 Gold Mine had yielded 982,106 tons of ore for a return of 448,'602 fine oz. of gold.The mine has been described by: J utson (1915), Feldtmann (1920), Johnson (1949), and Finucane (1953). Finucane (1953) details the mine structure to a depth of 414 ft. The author was able to examine the mine to a depth of 1305 ft. Detailed main level mapping to the 1060 level and a detailed surface examination have revealed aspects of the structure which were previously obscure.

Jan 1, 1960

By Rob Stewart

Acknowledgements ? Josef Macek(Manitoba Geological Services) ? Sally Goodman (SRK) ? Inco Geologists ? Rogerio Montiero ? Thompson Mine Geologists Introduction ? Regional Geology ? Thompson Geology ? Stratigraphy ? Sulphide Characteristics ? Conceptual Model ? Structural History ? Belt ? Thompson Mine ? 1D Deposit ? Ore Controlling Structures ? Using Structural Data to Guide Exploration ? Summary

May 1, 2006

By Xu Z, Hu C

An attempt has been made to investigate the performance of green pellet formation of the Daye magnetite concentrate from the weak-magnetic separation plant. The optimum conditions for the commercial production of green pellets was found through experimental research. The satisfactory size range for balling is 75 ¦ 3 per cent -200 mesh. The suitable moisture content is between 8.7 and 9.1 per cent and the optimum amount of bentonite added is between 1.5 and 2.5 per cent. The emphasis is on the size of the feed materials since the grinding fineness, which can be obtained at the plant, at most is 78 per cent -200 mesh. If the optimum fineness for the pellet formation is above this value, this means that the concentrate must be re-ground before balling. The results from experiments showed that a good quality green pellet can be attained by using materials below 78 per cent -200 mesh, which provides a strong foundation for the commercial production of green pellets.

Jan 1, 1999

By W. Vorster

Bateman Engineering Project's acid-plant track record goes back to 1977. Bateman Engineering can design sulphuric plants based on gas from sulphur burners, metallurgical off gas as well as pyrite roasting systems. Bateman Engineering has a technology marketing agreement with NORAM Engineering Ltd of Canada to provide state-of-the-art, well-proven acid plant technology, and also has access to roaster technology from several sources, including Chinese technology. Utilising the Noram technology agreement, Bateman was awarded the Engineering and Procurement (EP) contract for the Ambatovy Nickel Project, Sulphuric Acid Facilities in 2007. This is the first Greenfield sulphuric acid plant Bateman has designed for many years, producing a combined 5,500tpd, and is one of the largest sulphur burning acid plants in the world. This paper gives an overview of the sulphuric acid plant for the Ambatovy Nickel Project, advantages of Noram?s unique technology on offer, an overview of work conducted on a recent study of an pyrite roasting acid plants as well as a new technology currently being developed by Bateman for the direct combustion of solid sulphur to form sulphur dioxide.

Jan 1, 2009

By David J. Blackwell

The challenge; to design production facilities and in particular separation equipment which have the ability to deal effectively with the ever changing composition of well fluids, over the life time of the field in which it is operating, ensuring maximum uptime of the asset coupled with consistently effective separation. Design engineers are, however, continually confronted with a dilemma when selecting materials of construction for Oil/Gas separation equipment, since they are generally obliged to select an acceptable material of construction, based on ?predicted? operating conditions, at the lowest acceptable cost. Consequently many designs are somewhat basic and do not take into account the constantly varying dynamics of the well fluids being released into the separator. As oil fields mature, oil companies endeavour to maximize revenue by maintaining oil and gas throughputs. This often results in an associated increase in water and sand volumes and, in order to maintain efficient separation, an increase in operational temperature and pressure; subjecting the equipment to operational conditions for which it was never designed. In reality, therefore, the limitations and constraints placed upon new construction design often result in Maintenance Engineers having to solve the ensuing problems in difficult ?in-field? environments. Should refurbishment or upgrade be required then the status of the platform and that of the vessel during shutdown will dictate how this is achieved. Hotwork on the vessel is generally not preferred due to the requirement for post weld heat treatment and re-classification of the pressure vessel, not to mention the added risk in terms of safety. Unfortunately, until recently, there have been few alternatives to conventional ?hotwork? repair and protection systems, especially since the performance of cold curing polymer based repair and coating systems, for use in oil and gas process equipment, has, until recently, been limited by their resistance to temperature and pressure in immersed conditions. In line with the continued development of high temperature / high pressure oil and gas fields however, recent breakthroughs in polymer technology can now offer both repair and protection solutions which are able to function effectively at temperatures up to 180°C in immersed conditions combined with resistance to the destructive forces of explosive decompression from pressures in excess of 90 bar. This paper will look at recent work that has been undertaken to determine the suitability of modern polymer based repair and protection systems as an alternative to hotwork; thus enabling newly designed and upgraded internals to be cold bonded into position and further protected with temperature resistant coatings, in order to minimize the downtime of the asset and further to protect the vessel internals from the Erosive Corrosive environment.

Jan 1, 2006

Silver is one of the three major metals produced from the Broken Hill mines. The accurate determination of the silver in these ores, therefore, is of economic importance.With due appreciation of the divergence of opinion of many who are interested in the subject of the determination of silver, the writer has been prompted to present the results of some recent experiments on silver losses during cupellation and conclusions from these experiments in the present paper. The losses of silver in the fire assay for this metal are due to silver retained in the slag during the fusion or scorification of the ore, and to silver volatilized from, and absorbed by the cupel during the process of cupellation.The literature describing the results of experimental work on silver losses due to the above causes is extensive, and the general conclusion of these experiments is that the silver lost in the slag is small, but that lost by cupellation is larger and more variable.The term cupellation loss in this paper refers to the total cupellation loss, no distinction being made between the absorption and volatilization losses.Volatilization loss is shown by King to be 0.5% of the total cupellation loss and, as it is generally accepted among assayers as being only a small fraction of the cupellation loss (3) (5), it will not receive further consideration in this paper.The factors causing the loss of silver by cupellation and the precautions to be obs~rved to reduce the loss in this operation are described in (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5). The...

Jan 1, 1940

By Jim Owens

The methodology of quarrying changed significantly in the Indiana limestone industry in the 60 years between Sept. 11, 1941 and Sept. 11, 2001. The former was the date of the Pentagon groundbreaking ceremony, while the latter was when the building was damaged by American Airlines Flight 77. So too, though to a lesser degree, did the machinery and methods used to fabricate the stone. The rededication ceremony on Sept. 11, 2002 marked the end of the Phoenix Project, as the rebuilding effort was named. The story of this remarkable project illustrates what the American construction(and Indiana limestone) industry can accomplish when working toward a common goal.

Jan 1, 2005

By William R. Yernberg

SME’s Arizona Conference was held at the Doubletree Hotel at Reid Park in Tucson on Dec. 5and 6, 2004. The annual conference is organized by the Arizona Conference Board of Directors, which represents SME sections in Arizona and adjacent areas. The conference provides an opportunity for individuals and corporations associated with mining in the region to get together each year to discuss the status of the industry. The meeting featured a keynote address and more than30 technical papers. Two years ago, the U.S. copper industry was facing on a run for two years now,” and “both precious metal and base metal prices are going up.” The increases in metal prices were attributed to development in China and other Asian countries. “With a population of 1.6 billion, China has recently created 80 million jobs,” said Silver.

Jan 1, 2005

By Frank Sames

Most Blasting Programs are developed focussing on the environmental impact with respect to blast vibration and airblast. Compliance with existing regulations or policies limiting the immissions are generally achieved through constrains in the blast design, or monitoring programs. Efficient monitoring programs combine compliance monitoring and blast assessment. Signals, which are obtained in the area of direct influence of the seismic source, can contain valuable information about the blast design parameters. Techniques to analyze blast vibration signals have advanced and can assist in understanding the contribution of individual blast parameters to blast vibration and airblast. Advanced signal analysis encompasses magnitude analysis, Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) and frequency scans in the frequency domain, as well as filtering in the time domain. Through examples, the advanced signal analysis techniques and their limitations are described and discussed, showing the impact of blast timing, timing accuracy, charge configuration and the geology dependent transmission behavior. Optimization criteria and pragmatic monitoring programs can be developed on the basis of the most influential blast parameters. In addition, however, safety and the cost efficiency of the blasting program are essential to the success of an operation. That is where advanced signal analysis techniques can interface with blast planning, computer assisted modeling and information systems. A valuable process can be developed to ensure compliance with existing regulations and efficient risk management for mining operations, while tracking cost and supporting operational decisions. A conceptual blasting information system is presented.

Jan 1, 2000

By Jean-Michel Rendu

Computer systems are an integral part of the mining industry. Before a new operation is started, software requirements, and the need for hardware and communications must be determined. The personnel required to use the software, and to support the necessary infrastructure, must be hired and trained. In this sense, this paper emphasized the needs that geologists and mining engineers have for technical software. Similar requirements apply to all other aspects of a mining operation. These requirements will become even more critical in the years to come, and must be fully assessed before construction of a new mine begins. Dependency of a mine operation on its computer systems must never be underestimated.

Jul 17, 2000

By Levent Ozdemir, Robert J. Evans, Russell J. Miller, William Sharp

This paper describes the specifications and capabilities of a 6 ft (1.83 m) diameter laboratory rotary cutting machine which was designed and fabricated under a Bureau of Mines (USBM) contract awarded to the Colorado School of Mines (CSM). The machine will be used for carrying out research and development programs aimed toward improving the design and operation of mechanical tunnel, raise and shaft boring equipment.

Jan 1, 1983

By Cordner G. D

Titanium is not yet being produced on a commercial scale despite the facts that it has some impressive properties, and that it occurs very abundantly in easily-mined, highgrade oxide ores. One important reason for this is that the excellent mechanical properties of the metal were not widely recognised and appreciated until about twenty years ago.Another factor which has tended to retard progress in titanium metallurgy has been the realization that the oxide minerals of titanium are very stable; in other words, considerable energy has to be expended to reduce the oxide to metal. Table 1 presents the minimum energies which would have to be expended to produce one ton of each of the metals, aluminium, magnesium, titanium and iron from their respective oxides under theoretically ideal conditions at normal temperature and pressure. At higher temperatures, the minimum energy requirements are different, but the values for the various metals still fall in the same order as indicated in Table 1.In actual fact, the energy consumption in the case of any particular metal is higher than the ideal value by an amount which can be determined only by' the results of plant practice. The only general conclusion that can be drawn from the data in Table 1 is that it might eventually prove...

Jan 1, 1950

By L O. Filippov, C H. Veloso de Melo, A Correa De Araujo

Froth flotation of iron ores is one of the most widely used methods to upgrade iron ore into high-grade concentrates. In recent years, reverse cationic flotation of iron ores has been specifically the subject of several studies. Since quartz is the most common gangue mineral in iron ores, understanding the behaviour of this mineral was the main target of the majority of such studies. However, with the depletion of mineral deposits considered rich and easy to process, it has become more common to find iron ores with complex gangue minerals, which are composed not only of quartz but by a variety of silicates. The mineralogical composition of the ore is an important factor for determining reagents and mineral processing parameters. The mineralogical suite of an ore also presents a paramount role for operational optimisation of any given flotation process. Some studies were performed with different types of amphiboles and other Fe-bearing silicates, for example, but the influence of the mineralogical nature of these silicates in reverse cationic flotation has not been fully explored and will be discussed here. Changes in the traditionally used reagent scheme for reverse cationic flotation, generally including alkaline pH values, polysaccharides as depressant (mainly starches) and primary ether amines and diamines, are expected when dealing with iron ores with complex silicate gangue composition.CITATION:Veloso de Melo, C H, Correa de Araujo, A and Filippov, L O, 2017. Reverse cationic flotation of iron ores with complex silicate gangue minerals, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2017, pp 241–244 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 24, 2017

By B Orchard

New Zealand SteelÆs Waikato North Head mine, situated at the mouth of the Waikato River, supplies approximately 1.2 million tonnes per annum of titanomagnetite concentrate to the Glenbrook steel mill. The mine draws its fresh water supply from the Waikato River, abstracting approximately 38 000 cubic metres per day. During the concentration process of the ironsand, slimes are liberated into the plant wastewater. The plant wastewater, storm water and groundwater from the mining operation is treated and passed through settling ponds. Around 118 400 cubic metres per day of water are drawn from the recycle settling ponds for use in the concentration plant. Typically a daily average of up to 15 100 cubic metres of the treated water is discharged back to the Waikato River. Since the early 1990s significant improvements have been made to the water treatment at Waikato North Head mine and regularly the mine discharge water quality is similar or better than background river water quality.

Jan 1, 2002

By R. G. Gürtunca, J. A. Breslin

This paper briefly describes the progress in mine safety in the United States, with emphasis on recent events that have followed since the explosion at the Sago Mine in January 2006. Legislation following the mine accidents last year and areas of work carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) related to the accidents are discussed. American coal production in 2006 was 1,150 million short tons. Most of this coal is consumed domestically, with annual exports of coal about 50 million tons. One third of annual production is produced at surface mines and the rest from underground. This coal is produced by about 82,000 miners working at 1,400 coal mines. Major improvements in coal mine safety have been made in the US since the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. The fatal injury rate in underground coal mines between 1977 and 2004 was reduced by 47.8% to 0.036. The annual number of fatalities dropped from 112 to 14 during that period. Likewise, the non-fatal days-lost injury rate was reduced by 42.6% from 10.87 to 6.24. The improvements in mine safety during this period can be seen in the graph of underground coal mine explosion fatalities and injuries from 1980 to present, which is shown in Figure 1. Between 1984 and 1993 (9 year period) there were 5 explosions and one major mine fire, for a total of 55 fatalities. Over the seven year period from 1993 to 1999 there were no fatalities from coal mine fires and explosions. However, in the six years since 2000 there have been 5 explosions and one fire, which have caused 37 fatalities. [ ]

By P. C. -H. Rhee, H. -G. Lee, J. -H. Choi, D. S. Kim, S. -B. Lee

In order to predict the composition of inclusions and to ascertain a method to prevent inclusions from forming in liquid Fe-16 mass Cr alloy, a thermodynamic database was developed through a quantitative determination of thermodynamic relationships of Cr-Al-Si-Mn systems in the liquid Fe alloys. Applications of the databases to the prediction of Mn/Si complex deoxidation with Alin Fe-16 mass Cr alloy were demonstrated in succession. The electromagnetic levitation technique using a cold crucible was employed to separate inclusions from liquid metallic alloys completely and to prevent any contamination from surroundings. Various interaction parameters in the liquid Fe-16 mass per cent Cr alloy system were determined; these are: [eAl(Fe)Cr= 0.19/T, rAl(Fe)O,Cr= -0.01, rAl(Fe)O,Cr= -0.00013, eS1Cr(Fe)= -0.38/T,rSi(Fe)O,Cr= 0.007, rO(Fe)Si,Cr= 0.0044, rA1(Fe)Si,Cr= -0.0075, rSi(Fe)A1,Cr= -0.0078, rSi(Fe)Mn,Cr= 0.005, and rMn(Fe)Si,Cr=0.01.] An improved database, utilizing interaction parameters for molten metal determined in this study, and the Fact Sage slag database of the MnO-SiO2-Al2O3-CrOx-MgO system were used for thermodynamic calculations. These were carried out under various thermodynamic conditions, and results were compared with experimental data of Si/Al, Mn/Si, and Mn/Si/Al deoxidation equilibria. With the abovementioned results, together with experimentally obtained data, thermodynamic conditions were determined, in particular Mn and Si contents, under which liquid inclusions form in liquid Fe-16 mass per cent Cr alloy. The critical Al content in liquid Fe-16 per cent Cr alloy, above which solid inclusion of corundum phase ((Al,Cr)2O3) formed, was as low as 10 ppm. This indicates that extreme care must be taken in controlling the Al content in the metal to avoid formation of solid corundum phase ((Al,Cr)2O3) inclusion. The compositional change prediction of inclusions, which originate from slag entrapment and by Ca addition, was demonstrated by use of the alloy database optimized through this study, and the Fact Sage oxide database. For Si-deoxidized Fe-16 per cent Cr alloy, high Si and low basicity of slag are effective to obtain liquid inclusions. For Al-deoxidized Fe-16 per cent Cr alloy, it is important to keep the Si content lower than 0.1 per cent and it is required to add Ca. Keywords: inclusion, thermodynamic simulation, deoxidation, Fe-16 per cent Cr alloy,stainless steel, interaction parameter, cold crucible

Jan 1, 2004

This chapter presents an overview of fatal and nonfatal injuries reported to MSHA during 1986-1995. Reportable injuries follow the criteria for reporting specified in 30 CFR 50. These criteria are listed in appendix A. The data used for these analyses came from the MSHA accident, injury, and illness data closeout files for the years 1986-1995. The MSHA data are described in appendix A and methods used in data analysis in appendix B. There may be slight discrepancies between the figures presented here and other presentations of MSHA data for the following reasons: (1) injuries to nonemployees have been excluded from analysis; and (2) injuries identified by MSHA after the files were closed out are not included. Within the MSHA data, there are differences in reporting requirements for operators and contractors. Contractors are required to report only those injuries that occur during certain categories of work (described in appendix A). For this reason, data on injuries among employees of operators and contractors in the MSHA database should not be considered directly comparable. As discussed in the "Introduction," the MSHA data on fatal injuries differ from the CFOI data (chapter 1) because of varying definitions used for the mining industry. As compared to the CFOI data, MSHA data exclude injuries that occurred off of mine property and include injuries occurring at mills and processing plants on mine property. Tables 4-1 through 4-9 and figure 4-1 provide comparisons of injury frequencies and rates among the commodities. These comparisons are followed by sections 4A through 4E, which provide more detailed tables and figures for each commodity separately. The method used to calculate injury rates is described in appendix B. Since denominator data for occupations (lob titles) were available for 1986 only, estimates of rates by occupation for the entire 10 year period are based on extrapolation from 1986 data. For this reason, estimates of injury by occupation should be interpreted with caution. Fatal Injuries A total of 1,078 fatal on-the-job injuries were reported to MSHA during the 10-year period 1986- 1995. The average annual fatal injury rate for all commodities combined during this period was 30.9 per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers. Mine operators accounted for 908 (84%) of the fatalities and had an average annual fatal injury rate of 28.2 per 100,000. While mine contractors comprised only 16% (n = 170) of the total number of fatalities, their average annual fatal injury rate was 2.3 times higher than that of mine operators (65.0 per 100,000). Table 4-1 presents the number and rates of fatal injuries by commodity for operators and contractors. Contractors in metal, nonmetal, stone, and sand and gravel are grouped together, since MSHA data on employment were not available for rate calculations for these commodities separately. The highest average annual fatality rate for the period, 66.5 per 100,000, occurred among metal and nonmetallic mineral mining contractors, followed closely by coal contractors (63.1 per 100,000). Among mine operators, the highest average annual fatal injury rate was in coal (38.9 per 100,000); the lowest was in nonmetal (14.3 per 100,000). Table 4-2 shows the average annual fatal injury rate by type of operation for each commodity for mine operators only. Of commodities with underground mines, all except stone had higher fatality rates at underground than at surface operations of these mines. The highest fatality rate for any operation occurred in surface operations at underground stone mines (124.5 fatal injuries per 100,000 workers). Stone had the second highest fatality rate for underground operations at underground mines (77.9 per 100,000). The highest rate for underground operations at underground mines occurred in metal (87.6 per 100,000). Table 4-3 shows the number and rate of fatal injuries by U.S. Bureau of the Census occupational groups (described in appendix D) for the 10 occupation-commodity groups with the highest fatal injury rates. These data should be interpreted with caution because the denominator used in calculating the rates was based on an extrapolation from data for the year 1986 only, as described in appendix B. Extractive occupations are represented in this group for three commodities: coal, metal, and sand and gravel. Construction trades are included for coal, sand and gravel, and nonmetal. The distribution of fatal injuries by commodity and work activity for mine operators is presented in table 4-4. A description of the work activity categories is in appendix C. Overall, the leading work activity at the time of injury was using or operating tools and machinery (26.4%) followed by constructing, repairing, and cleaning (24.0%), vehicular operations (18.8%), and materials handling (12.6%). The distribution varied by commodity. The largest percentage of fatal injuries occurred while operating tools and machinery in both coal and stone; during vehicular operations in metal; and during constructing, repairing, and cleaning activities in nonmetal and sand and gravel. Table 4-5 shows the distribution of fatal injuries by commodity and MSHA accident classification for mine operators. A description of the MSHA accident classifications appears in appendix E. The largest proportion of injuries overall occurred during powered haulage (28.5%). The

Jan 5, 2000

By Louis Donolo

New buildings in today's urban environment, especially in down-town areas, invariably involve the construction of multiple level basements. Used for parking, storage and commercial space, these underground structures normally extend 30 to 50' and more below grade and, to make optimum use of expensive land, they usually occupy the full site right up to street/sidewalk and property lines. SOIL SUPPORT SOLUTIONS Building these basements requires vertical excavation, and consequently, a temporary soil support system which will eventually be replaced by the permanent foundation walls of the structure.

Jan 1, 1987

By P G. Self, M D. Raven, R A. Eggleton

Investigation of an abandoned quarry near Rowland Flat in South Australia identified asbestiform antigorite as the fibrous serpentine mineral mined during the 1940s to 1978 for filler applications, not amphibole asbestos or chrysotile as reported in earlier investigations. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) of individual fibres were used to confirm the identification. Chrysotile is widely regarded as the only asbestos mineral in the serpentine group. Further work was done therefore, on the geology and mineralogy of the occurrence, and the health implications were reviewed. A zone of antigorite alteration, with associated talc, is traceable for 750 m along strike of recrystallised dolomitic siltstone within Woolshed Flat Shale of Neoproterozoic age. The antigorite formed, in part, by replacement of prismatic crystals of probable tremolitic amphibole. The deposit is proximal to the Williamstown Fault and the serpentine-talc alteration is possibly due to fluids expelled along the fault during late-stage deformation in the Early Palaeozoic Delamerian Orogeny. The antigorite comprises white to pale green bundles of lath-shaped fibres that occur either as randomly- arranged equant patches after amphibole or as cross-fibre veins, both intimately mixed with calcite. Highly fibrous product was mined from the weathered zone where calcite was leached during weathering. Gentle grinding releases fibres with a high aspect ratio (>10:1) that show a wide range of fibre thickness, including a significant proportion of fibres <0.25 ¦m width. Toxicological studies on fibrous antigorite from Poland and Italy indicate that the carcinogenic potential of this form of serpentine is similar to amphibole asbestos. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) techniques readily distinguish antigorite from chrysotile. Determination of asbestiform habit and confirmation of antigorite mineralogy is most reliably done using electron microscopy, preferably with SAED capability.

Jan 1, 2008

By M. Dworzanowski

The physical beneficiation of iron ore that has a wide particle-size distribution is problematic, regardless of the process applied, whether dense medium separation, gravity concentration, magnetic separation, or flotation. The problem of particle size is further compounded when there is a significant -10 µm fraction. Generally the approach to a wide particle-size distribution is to split into narrower size ranges and treat each separately. More often than not the -10 µm fraction is not treated but discarded. This approach results in a more complicated and expensive flow sheet and the loss of any potential value in the -10 µm fraction. Wet high-intensity magnetic separation (WHIMS) bench-scale test work was conducted on a haematite-rich material with a particle size of -200 µm. What made this material different was that it contained a 60% -10 µm fraction, hence discarding the -10 µm material was not an option. The objective of the test work was to determine how to maximize the recovery of the haematite across the full particle size range. Given the unusual particle size distribution, it was concluded that WHIMS would be the only practical beneficiation route. The -200 +10 µm and -10 µm fractions were treated separately and together under varying WHIMS conditions. For a given concentrate grade, the mass yield obtained was greater when the total particle-size distribution was treated. The inferred optimum conditions, using the same material, were tested on a pilot-scale WHIMS and similar results were obtained.

Jan 1, 2014