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By Amanda Coutinho Campanatti

O objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar o processo de delaminação, tanto em Modo I como em Modo II, de abertura de trinca. A densidade e porcentagem de fibra do compósito carbono-epóxi foram calculadas para caracterizar o compósito. O inserto, para simular o início da trinca, foi feito no processo de fabricação dos compósitos a fim de manter sua integridade. Pelo mesmo motivo o corte foi feito a jato d’água. Para caracterização da delaminação foram feitos ensaios de DCB (Double-cantilever Beam) e ENF (End-notched Flexure), segundo as normas ASTM D5528 e ASTM D790-10, sendo ambos realizados na máquina universal de ensaio MTS, capacidade de 250 kN. A fractografia em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) foi feita a fim de identificar os mecanismos de dano durante a propagação da trinca. Foi possível concluir a fabricação do compósito, bem como do inserto, é viável. Porém, houve aparecimento de bolhas, por causa da baixa pressão da bomba a vácuo. O corte a jato d’água manteve a integridade do compósito. A rigidez alta do compósito pode ser comprovada por meio das propriedades mecânicas obtidas pelo ensaio de tração. Os valores de GIC e GIIC estão dentro do esperado pela literatura, sendo GIIC maior que GIC por causa da presença de um capo de compressão no ensaio em modo II, enquanto que em modo I é abertura pura por tração.

Aug 7, 2018

By B. R. Mohal, S. Chander

"The adsorption and wetting behavior of freshly ground and aged coals has been determined in the presence of a nonionic surfactant. The amount of surfactant adsorption changes with the concentration and ""age"" of the coal. The freshly ground coal has smaller amounts of adsorption at lower surfactant concentrations than the ""aged"" coal whereas at large surfactant concentrations, the order is reversed . In the latter case, more surfactant is adsorbed on fresh coal than on the ""aged"" coal . . It is proposed that at low concentrations, the surfactant adsorbs through both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions with the molecule lying parallel to the· surface, whereas at higher concentrations surface micelles form at the hydrophobic sites. The wetting behavior correlates well with the adsorption behavior.INTRODUCTIONNonionic surfactants have many applications in the coal and mineral processing industry. They can be used as dispersing agents to modulate flotation, flocculation and filtration of particulates (1). They can also be used to increase the wettability of hydrophobic solids such as coal and can hence be used as dust suppressants (2,3). Although the adsorption of representative nonionic surfactants such as Triton N-101 (an ethoxylated nonylphenol with 9.5 moles of ~thylene oxide and HLB equal to 13.4) have been studied extensively on substrates such as calcium carbonate (4), silica (5) carbon black (6) and graphite (7), very few studies are available for coals. Coals differ from other substrates with respect to two important characteristics: 1) coal are porous and 2) coals consist of a patchwork of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites (8). Since the adsorption characteristics of a surfactant are influenced significantly by the nature of the substrate the characteristics of the coals must be taken into consideration."

Jan 1, 1989

By John Galbraith, Dwayne D. Tannant, Chris C. Langille

"Development of underground openings in a deep mining environment requires a support system that is able to absorb energy as a result of dynamic loading due to rockbursting and blasting and static loading due to convergence as the development face advances. The support system must be resistant to corrosion and be effective over the life of the excavation, upward of ten years, yet simple and cost effective to install. Over the past two years, research has been conducted at INCO’s Creighton Mine to try and identify a one-pass grouted support system that will meet these needs.The main problem faced, with simply using grouted rebar at depth, is the effect of tunnel convergence on the stiff grouted bolts. Typically, if fully grouted, stiff rebar are installed to the face of an advancing development heading, the amount of convergence that occurs can result in failure of the bolts at the face plates used to attach the mine screen to the back. An initial support is required to enable crews to continue the bolting cycle in the immediate term, yet allow for this convergence over the longer term as the drift advances. The ideal support system will allow both to occur, giving effective immediate support while providing long-term effectiveness in allowing convergence to occur while maintaining the capacity of the bolt.This paper will investigate the expected convergence in deep development headings at +2200 m (+7200 ft) through the use of direct measurements using both flex rod extensometers grouted into the back of a development heading and five-point tape extensometer stations. Measured results will be compared with simple2-D numerical analysis to evaluate the anticipated convergence expected to be absorbed by the bolting system. The required convergence will then be compared with load deformation response of several support configurations."

Jan 1, 1996

By Howard F. Carl

"INTRODUCTION Talc is a hydrous magnesium silicate mineral found throughout the world in deposits of economic importance. This mineral occurs in different physical forms and varying degrees of purity, both of which affect its ultimate commercial usage. Talc is used in finely ground condition by the ceramic, paint, paper, rubber, cosmetic, and other industries. Most domestic talc production is of this type. Talc also occurs, although much less frequently, in massive, fine-grained, fairly homogeneous bodies; the impure varieties are the familiar soapstones, and the purer form is frequently called ""steatite."" Because of certain properties, the purest grades of this massive variety have a monetary value about 20 times that of the ground talc.One desirable property of this massive talc is its amenability to accurate cutttng, machining, and working in many ways, similar to a hard wood or soft metal, and then firing without warping or appreciable shrinkage into a hard, refractory ceramic body. Consequently, shapes that cannot be formed conveniently by molding and pressing can be produced readily with ordinary machine tools. When talc is fired to about 1,100° C., it is converted to a ceramic body with certain very desirable physical properties. This fired material has a hardness and toughness frequently superior to steel. It is a refractory and an exceptionally good electrical insulator. When formed from a high-grade talc essentially free from iron, it has unusually low dielectric losees, even at very high frequencies."

Feb 1, 1945

By Juan Daniel Martínez, Janaina Accordi Junkes, Dachamir Hotza, Tatiana Pineda

"The rice husk combustion in a bubbling and atmospheric fluidized bed reactor was investigated. The results showed the technical viability of producing both heat and amorphous silica from a renewable energy source. This paper presents the characterization of rice husk ash (RHA) obtained under varying fluidization velocities (0.13-0.15 m/s) and rice husk feed (4.5-7.2 kg/h). Characterization techniques include X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy. For the employed range of fluidization velocities of rice husk feed no noticeable influence on the chemical composition of produced RHA was observed. After combustion, RHA containing ~93% amorphous silica and <3% unburned char was obtained. RHA primary particles presented sizes from 90 to 100 µm and a tendency for agglomeration in aqueous media. Thus, the potential of this type of reactors with respect to speed, continuity and self-sufficiency energy of the process was shown.IntroductionDue to the increase of the agroindustrial production, the concern with processing by-products, such as rice husk (RH), is growing. For a better material and energy use, allowing a cleaner production and a more maintainable development, RH can be used as renewable fuel in the production plant, for instance, in steam generators. The adequate combustion of RH generates hot gases with low levels of pollutants, as carbon monoxide and particulate material.RH is the protecting coating formed during the growth of the rice grain, composed by four structural layers.1 The main components of the husk are cellulose and hemicelulose (50%) besides lignine (26%) and organic components (4%), as oils and proteins. The remaining amount includes inorganic materials (SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO, CaO, Fe2O3, MnO, P2O5).1The rice husk ash (RHA) is the product of the termochemical transformation of RH. The conditions of the different conversion processes (pyrolysis, gasification and/or combustion) determine the physical-chemical characteristics of the final product. RHA corresponds to 14 to 25% RH, depending on the variety of the rice, climate and soil of the producing area.2-4 The main component of RHA, which is generated at moderate combustion temperatures, is amorphous silica (SiO2) in the range from 80 to 97%.4,5"

Jan 1, 2008

By L Nienaber

Mines, after becoming operational, often retain the same support and reinforcement designs developed in the feasibility study. These designs are conceived from limited drilling data and regional experience, thus having an empirical flavour. Empirical designs are perceived to be conservative, catering for a variety of failure mechanisms, which are not always present in mine development drives.This begs the question: If you were to invest in the necessary resources to obtain sufficient data and complete the required analyses for the different development drives in the mine, to engineer a support and reinforcement scheme with the capacity to match the demand of the rock mass, what is the difference in cost when comparing an empirical design to an engineered design?To answer this question, mine tunnels with different geometries and orientations, where detailed structural data was available, were selected for a comparative design exercise. Material cost, development cost, cycle time and professional fees for engineered and empirical designs were estimated. The outcome is summarised in the following paper that discusses the process followed and the results of the design comparison.

Mar 8, 2011

By M. P. Smith, C. Hughes-Narborough, Y. T. Man

"Money and reputations can be lost in bad projects. Causes of bad mineral processing projects include poor contract definition and purchase of equipment without adequate test work. However, the root cause of many of the problems that can lead to bad projects is not any inanimate object, bad weather or catastrophic natural event but the people working on the projects. Because the people are so critical to the success of a mineral processing project, one must have suitably qualified and experienced people (SQEP) in all key positions. Characteristics that define SQEP include people who have successfully executed projects of similar size before; have undertaken projects treating the same minerals and producing the same valuable products and people who are familiar with designing, operating and implementing the required technologies and unit operations.To minimize the likelihood of future bad mineral processing projects, five recommendations are put forward in relation to the people aspect of a project.1. Attempt to retain SQEP during any down turn in the mining economic cycle so thatthe knowledge and experience can be kept within the industry.2. Increase the effort in attracting young people into the industry and retaining them.3. Set up robust training program to give young professionals a firm foundation of what real life projects and operations are like.4. Provide mentoring and continuous training for people after they have completed their formal graduate training program. Their career progression should be appropriately monitored and controlled.5. People working in projects must be exposed to as many detailed design and other finer issues as possible so that they can comprehend the amount of work required to deliver a project successfully."

Aug 1, 2016

By A. S. Usrnani

Due to both turbulence and the highly variable geometry of castings, a realistic numerical simulation of the metal flow is prohibitvely expensive with current technology. However, when the chief purpose is to achieve realistic thermal fields a precise How simulation is not necessarily required. In this paper we assume a laminar flow regime and obtain the flow field by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations using a velocity-pressure segregated semi-implicit finite element method. The free metal surface is predicted by advecting a pseudo-concentration function via the computed How field. This involves an explicit finite element solution of a pure advection equation. The thermal field is calculated by solving the convective-diffusive energy equation by an explicit finite element method using the computed flow field and the location of the free surface. All the advection terms are discretized using a Taylor-Galerkin method. The interface between the metal and mould is modelled using special interface elements. The model is demonstrated by solving practical example problems. The results show that a sharp thermal front is maintained during the course of filling without excessive diffusion. The heat diffusion in the mould can be controlled by varying the metal mould heat transfer coefficient.

Jan 1, 1994

"El presente texto señala las formas en que se presenta el sílice libre y las principales rocas constituyentes del material generador de la silicosis. En ese sentido, el ""sílice libre"" se presenta a través de tres formas: cristalizada, criptocristalina y amoría. Sus diversas variedades en forma de cuarzo son el cristal de roca, el cuarzo amatista, cuarzo rosado, amarillo, ahumado, lechoso, ferruginoso, etc. De otro lado, la presencia del cuarzo en las rocas ígneas sirve de base para su clasificación en ácidas, intermedias, básicas y ultrabásicas. Las rocas ácidas son las que contienen más de 10% de cuarzo, las intermedias menos de 10% de cuarzo y las básicas y ultrabásicas, carecen de este mineral en su esencia. Asimismo para determinar el grado de peligrosidad del polvo es necesario revisar la concentración de partículas de polvo, a través de una muestra y cuenta de los mismos. El muestreo se basa siguiendo diferentes técnicas basadas en principios fiísicos como filtración, estrellamiento, precipitación electrostática y térmica. Mientras que la cuenta de partículas se efectúa mediante un microscopio provisto de un sistema óptico standarizado y diferentes tipos de celdas (Dunn, hemacitómetro y la celda Hatch). Cabe aclarar que no es posible la comparación de peligrosidad de dos polvos, basándonos solo en el componenente sílice, sino que el tamaño de las partículas y la concentración en el ambiente, son factores a considerar para su evaluación. Entre los métodos importantes de determinación cuantitativa de sílice libre tenemos: químicos y físicos. Los primeros, utilizan la descomposición de todos los componentes de la muestra -con excepción del sílice libre-a través de un tratamiento ácido, mientras que los segundos son más precisos respecto de los polvos industriales y se realizan a través de análisis petrográfico, difracción de rayos y el método de fusión. Posteriormente, la Asociación Americana de Higienistas industriales revisa los datos encontrados en África del Sur, Australia, Inglaterra y Estados Unidos, y hace un esbozo sobre los límites de tolerancia permisibles de polvo, revelando que el polvo contenido con más de- 50% de SiO2 es equivalente a 5 MPPPC, los que tienen de 5 a 50% de SiO2 tienen 20 MPPPC, y aquellos que contienen hasta 5% deSiO2 equivale a 50 MPPPC, a diferencia de otros métodos propuestos."

Jul 20, 1957

By A. Desbiens, A. Pomerleau

During the summer of 1994, a new PID-based control strategy was installed on line B of the grinding circuit at the Kidd Creek Division of Falconbridge Ltd. Part I of this paper described the methodology used to select the appropriate control strategy using a phenomenological dynamic simulator. Part II presents the implementation of the control strategy. Prior to the controller installation, it was necessary to solve various problems related to the process, such as a cyclic behaviour of the rod mill feed tonnage, a problem related to the mill water source and the calibration of the flowmeters. Once these problems were solved, the control strategy was accomplished in two steps. Step 1 corresponds to the installation of control loops to regulate the pump box level and the cyclone overflow density. Step 2 describes the implementation of a loop to control the cyclone feed density. According to Part I, a loop to control the circulating load is also part of the original design. However, reasons are given to explain the rejection of this loop. For both steps, technical procedures such as filtering, process identification and controller tuning are detailed. Finally, the operator’s interface is briefly described.

Jan 1, 1997

By Teena Redhorse, David Tsztoo, Anthony Yu

"Since ancient times, storing and conveying water via underground water systems and tunnels has been touted for its strategic advantages. Underground cisterns and tunnels assured protection of essential fresh water supplies from man made contamination and especially from enemies who would gain an advantage by disrupting an adversary’s water supply in a siege. Modern day engineers do not usually specify tunnels for reasons of avoiding deliberate contamination or siege — however, they are just as enamored with the idea of building tunnels for water conveyances.Such was the case for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC). The SFPUC provides drinking water to 2.6 million residential, commercial and industrial customers in the San Francisco Bay Area. The SFPUC’s water system includes 257 km (160 miles) of transmission pipelines and tunnels from the SFPUC’s largest reservoir, the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir inside Yosemite National Park, to San Francisco. About 129 km (80 miles) of the system consist of tunnels. A 30-km (19-mile) section of the tunnel network, called the Mountain Tunnel, was thought to be at risk of a catastrophic failure in its concrete-lined section of 18 km (11 miles). For much of the project planning process, a new replacement tunnel was presumed to be required according to the tunnel planners.Originally constructed between 1917 and 1925, the Mountain Tunnel has been in continuous service since 1925. The 30-km (19-mile) tunnel is located downstream of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir water source in Yosemite National Park, between the Early Intake and Priest Reservoir (Fig. 1). Approximately 18 km (11 miles) of the tunnel is lined with unreinforced concrete. Though the condition of the tunnel was being monitored through water sampling and periodic inspections, there was growing concern that the tunnel lining was at risk of a partial collapse that could interrupt water delivery for up to nine months. The SFPUC was faced with a decision to construct a new bypass tunnel to replace the lined section of the Mountain Tunnel or to rehabilitate the existing tunnel."

Jan 6, 2018

By C. W. Reno

"THE LORNEX MINING PROJECT is one of several large-tonnage, low-grade operations recently placed in operation in British Columbia. It is located in the Highland Valley in the south central portion of the province. This area is described as a divide valley at an elevation range of 4,000 to 6,000 feet and is situated on the divide between two drainage systems. The major drainage to the west flows into the Thompson River and to the east and south the drainage enters the Nicola River system. This open-ended valley lies between low, rounded mountains in fairly heavily-wooded country. Prior to the commencement of copper mining activities, the first by Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd. over ten years ago, the valley was only sparsely settled. A few small ranches were in existence on the several Indian Reserves located along the valley bottomland. There has also been a small amount of logging activity in the valley, although much of the area is covered by dense lodgepole pine which has little or no value to the loggers. As the mining interest mounted with further discoveries of the disseminated copper ore typical of the district, much of the valley was covered with mineral claims and exploration drilling was carried on by several companies at various times. At the time Lornex was preparing to commence major construction work in early 1970, there was very little activity of any kind in the Highland Valley outside of the Bethlehem operation and a small amount of ranching."

Jan 1, 1973

By A Morris

The Express Rail Link (XRL) will provide high-speed rail services from Hong Kong to Guangzhou and a connection to the national high-speed passenger rail network serving major cities throughout Mainland, China. The HK$ 67 B (NZ$ 11.5 Billion) project is of great strategic importance for Hong Kong and is being implemented to a very tight schedule, from early 2010 with completion targeted for 2015.The works include a 15 platform terminus station in West Kowloon, 26 km of twin track tunnels from the terminus to the Hong Kong/Shenzhen boundary at Mai Po, tunnel vent shafts/adits/emergency rescue siding and a stabling siding facility. Trains on the Hong Kong section are intended to operate at speed up to 200 km per hour and up to 350 km per hour on the Mainland section.This presentation will provide an overview of the entire XRL project, with a focus on the challenging geotechnical and spatial constraints on the tunnel works. This is an abstract only.&nbsp;No&nbsp;paper was prepared for this abstract.

Mar 8, 2011

By Yuzhe Zhang, Matthew Andriese, Jiann-Yang Hwang, Guanghui Li, Zhiwei Peng, Tao Jiang

The microwave power absorption characteristics of iron oxides, including Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and Fe0.925O, have been studied by determining dielectric loss and magnetic loss distributions in 0.05-m-thick oxide slabs irradiated with 1.2-kW, 2.45-GHz microwaves. The results reveal that the dielectric loss is the main factor contributing to microwave absorption in Fe2O3 and Fe0.925O, while the magnetic loss dominates the power absorption in Fe3O4 below its Curie point. Uneven power distributions are observed in the slabs and this phenomenon becomes even worse at high temperatures at which the permittivity increases significantly. Quantification of power absorption in the oxides is of great importance for efficient and uniform microwave heating

Jan 1, 2015

By Z. D. Hora

Sand and gravel resources of the southern coastal region of British Columbia may be linked to various episodes of Wisconsin glaciation. During Wisconsin and probably earlier times, the Fraser Lowland and coastal areas were subjected to repeated glaciations separated by non-glacial intervals. Each major glaciation was accompanied by isostatic and eustatic changes in sea level up to 200 m or more. As a result, the Lowland was covered by the sea during much of Quaternary time. Because the Fraser Lowland is surrounded on two sides by high mountain ranges, glaciers terminated in the sea during their maximum advance. Therefore, meltwaters released during deglaciation, together wit h retreating glacier ice, could produce widespread and extensive sand and gravel deposits both along the coast and throughout the Fraser Lowland and adjacent areas.

Jan 1, 1984

By W. W. Harvey

The work to be described was part of an exploratory research program directed toward identifying potentially useful but little known reactions in extractive metallurgy. In particular, the major copper sulfide minerals, as a group, have long been considered insoluble in nonoxidizing acids (e.g. Forward and Barren, 1J60; Parsons and Ingraham, 1970; Peters et al. 1972). This generalization was considered to include nonoxidizing conditions in warm aqueous MC1 solutions (Ingraham et al. 1972) and, indeed, was consistent with our own chemical and mineralogical experience. On the other hand, under hydrothermal conditions, copper and sulfide species are carried in solution and deposited as sulfides in mineralized veins. The question that poses itself is: what are the mildest conditions of temperature and fluid composition under which commercially important copper sulfide minerals can be solubilized in the absence of an oxidizing agent? A reference to H2S formation during oxygen-sulfuric acid pressure leaching (Warren, 1958) of chalcopyrite, when the oxygen partial pressure was allowed to fall, provided a clue. In the present study, experimentation with chalcopyrite concentrate in dilute hydrochloric acid, under re flux conditions (in Pyrex flasks) and with an inert purge gas, revealed substantial amounts of H2S production and iron solubilization, cite negligible copper solubilization, after 2 ½ -4 days. Under comparable conditions the extent of reaction with dilute sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids was markedly less.

Jan 1, 1976

By R. R. Rollins

Field data combined with theoretical derivations were used to design a surface mining operation using explosive casting. Calculated casting results varied from 44 to 65% depending on bench height. This model was then applied to field tests at an eastern, contour, coal stripping operation. Results from five experimental casting shots are summarized and compared to conventional mining methods. The overburden material removed by casting ranged from 35 to 65% with an average of 50%. Fragmentation was improved and it was demonstrated that this procedure is economically attractive with a resultant cost savings of $.59/m3 or $5.93/t of clean coal.

Jan 1, 1987

THE LIFE and works of Alexander Agassiz, first president of the Calumet & Hecla Mining Co., were recalled to memory when a monument bearing his statue was unveiled in Agassiz Park, at Calumet, Mich., on Sept. 26, The statue is the work of Paul W. Bartlett, of New York, and was erected by George R. Agassiz, eldest son of Alexander Agassiz. We are indebted to Rodolphe L. Agassiz, now president of the Calumet & Hecla Consolidated, for the accompanying photograph of the statue. The principal address at the unveiling ceremony was delivered by Allen F. Rees, of Houghton, who said, in part: To the world at large Alexander Agassiz was preeminently the man of science. With all his devotion to the industrial life of this district, he found the time to devote to the con-tinuation of his work of scientific research which had been the life work of his fa-ther, Louis Agassiz. Not only did he acquire eminence for his scientific at-tainments and learn-ing, but he was recognized and hon-ored throughout the civilized world for his achievements and accomplishments in the realm of original research. His work in the fields of nat-ural science, in oceanography, in marine zoology, and in other similar lines of research, has added much to our knowledge of the world&apos;s mysteries. His life was one of accomplishment also in the industrial world. The union in one life of acknowledged achievement as a scientist and the accomplishment of great results in the prac-tical industrial world is a rare thing, and its possibility has never been exemplified in greater measure than in his life and its results.

Jan 11, 1923

By R. D. Williams

Several hydrometallurgical leach processes have been recently proposed for the recovery of copper from copper concentrates. These include the Cymet Process of Cypress Metallurgical Processes Corporation, the Arbiter Process of the Anaconda Company, and the Treadwell Process of Treadwell Engineering company(1). These processes and similar processes for recovery of other minerals, have several phenomenological similarities which make their quantitative description difficult at best. These include (a) the presence of more than one phase, (b) non-uniform mineralization of the feed concentrate, (c) surface and diffusional effects, and (d) a particle size distribution which varies with time. Semi-theoretical, rather than purely empirical, treatment of such processes in their developmental stages will result in a better understanding of the physico-chemical mechanisms in effect. This, in turn, will allow reliable process designs to be made on reasonable time scales for reasonable development costs. Once a production unit is built, such an approach will provide straightforward methods for process control and optimization. A research and development effort to determine criteria and procedures for semi- theoretically characterizing such mineral leach recovery processes has been initiated in a joint venture by the Arizona Bureau of Mines and the College of Mines at the University of Arizona. This group has as its task the mathematical characterization of hydrometallurgical leach recovery processes using semi- theoretical mechanisms for the underlying phenomena. The resulting models are experimentally verified and parameterized on the laboratory scale in such a way that they can be utilized with similarity criteria to provide reliable scaleup to production designs. This discussion will be centered around the elements of such an approach and how they fit together.

Jan 1, 1975

By M Jones

The past 100 years the mining industry can be characterised by a focus on increasing financial returns often to the detriment of social, human, manufactured and environmental capitals. Despite the sustainable development principles promoted by the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM), the Equator Principles and the African Mining Vision, which should have enhanced project promoters’ ‘licence to operate’ within a host community or nation, the industry has often failed to integrate proven innovations and best practices that enhance sustainability outcomes for mineral resource projects. This failure has led to delays, the abandonment of projects, with value destroyed for promoters, governments, host community and investors.The paper will outline the application of proven innovations, Enterprise Optimisation (EO), and Sustainable Operations (SUSOP&#174;), during the pre-feasibility phase of a project. By determining the value of each capital before and after the application of proven innovations, the presentation will outline how and where value can be created across all five capitals over the life of a project or operation.The paper will demonstrate how the application of proven innovations significantly transforms the value-proposition of a mineral resource project or operation by generating additional value across all of the five capitals, reducing project risk, thus generating value for all stakeholders.CITATION:Jones, M, 2015. Fundamentally transforming the economic and sustainability signature of mining assets, in Proceedings Third International Future Mining Conference, pp 169–180 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Nov 4, 2015