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By L. Marais, S. Denoon-Stevens, J. Cloete

"Historically, mining companies worldwide provided housing and developed towns to accommodate their employees. At the end of the 1980s this approach became less prevalent and attempts were made to mitigate the effects of mine development and mine closure on communities living near the mines. Permanent settlement in mining towns urgently needed to be minimized. Since the advent of democracy, South African policy has moved in the opposite direction, shifting the emphasis to creating integrated communities and encouraging home ownership. Despite this policy shift, however, mines continue to influence local housing conditions. One direct outcome has been the development of informal settlements. We surveyed 260 informal settlement households in Postmasburg, a small and remotely located town in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. We found that because they employ contract workers and thus arouse expectations of employment, the mines here contribute extensively to the development of informal settlements. But local factors also contribute, and the functional role of informal settlements as a form of housing that supports mobility should not be underestimated. We also found that both municipal and mining company policies for informal settlements were inadequate. Finally, we found that low-income informal settlers not associated with mine employment suffered the highest levels of social disruption.IntroductionA mine generates demand for labour, which in turn generates demand for housing. When settlements spring up near a mine this often means poor housing conditions. In South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s mining companies invested heavily in company towns or mining settlements, but they have become increasingly hesitant to do so, for three reasons. First, declining resource prices in the mid-1980s and the 1990s compelled them to focus on core business interests and reduce the costs of peripheral activities such as housing (Bryceson and MacKinnon, 2013); second, at the turn of the 20th century they were often accused of taking over the role of local government (IIED, 2002) and consequently became hesitant to invest in developing mining towns; and third, changing labour regimes also curbed their investment in such towns (Haslam McKenzie, 2010). Increasingly, the companies began to endorse block-roster shifts, and outsourcing also became more common in the early 1990s. Block-roster shifts in Australia (together with improved technology) have meant that miners do not need to settle near the mines but can fly in and fly out and have their urban houses as their stable homes. This has had serious negative implications for housing in remote towns in Australia, particularly worker camps, large-scale renting out of available accommodation, and ‘hot-bedding’."

Oct 1, 2018

From 19 November 1996, South African companies will be able to manage the impact their activities have on the environment in terms of international standards. The establishment of a registration scheme for environmental management systems was formally announced by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) (19 November 1996). At a function held at the SABS head office in Pretoria, Dr Jean du Plessis, President of the SABS, announced the launch of the SABS ISO 14001 registration scheme which is based upon ISO 14001, 'the internationally recognized yardstick for environmental management'.

Jan 1, 1997

By P. J. van der Walt, P. J. F. Fourie, L. M. Falcon

Various methods for the beneficiation of minus 0,5 mm coal are examined briefly, and tests are described on a cyclone of 150 mm diameter operating with magnetite as the medium. It was found that, for sharp separations, at least 50 per cent of the magnetite should be finer than 1Oµm. At that size, the ash content of the product was about 7 per cent at yields of 59 to 64 per cent, and the loss of medium was reasonable (about I kg per ton of fines treated).

Jan 1, 1980

By B. R. Broekman, J. P. W. Bennie, P. D. K. Robinson, R. P. Viljoen

The theme of the Congress was 'Resources and Technology', the intention being to highlight those basic technical aspects in the disciplines of geology, mining, extractive metallurgy, and metals technology that are required for successful mineral-based operations. The technical programme covered a fairly broad field, as is appropriate for the CMMI Congress, and was generally considered to be of a high professional standard; informative and, with the exception of some minor hitches, well-run. Parallel sessions were held in the four disciplines. All were well attended, and despite tight presentation schedules, certain valuable discussions developed.

Jan 1, 1994

By C. Pohlandt

A literature survey of methods suitable for the determination of cyanides in process streams and effluents is presented. Of the large number of methods published, 92 are examined in detail, emphasis being placed on the selectivity of the methods, i.e. the extent to which they enable one to distinguish between ionic cyanide and metal-cyanide complexes. Methods designed for the determination of 'total cyanide' (i.e. ionic cyanide as well as coordinated cyanide) are evaluated critically. Other aspects of the methods are also considered, such as sensitivity, accuracy, speed, and freedom from interferences.

Jan 1, 1983

By T. F. Muller

In recent years, a great deal has been written and spoken, both in our country and overseas, about the dangers posed to the environment and the ecology by mining operations. The object of this address is to put this problem, and it is a real problem, into reasonable perspective. I shall try to present the various facets that merit consideration as objectively as possible. In doing so, I shall examine the following factors: Book review National Coal Board. Gate belt conveyors. London, H.M.S.O. (Price 95p.) Although the preface of this handy little book states that it has been written for the guidance of miningoperation trainees, it will prove valuable to the practising engineer as well. NIM reports Report no. 1733 A mineralogical investigation of weathered carbonatite from Salpeterkop. (14th Apr., 1975; re-issued 28th Feb., 1978). Report no. 1823 The recovery of gold and pyrite from a residue dump at Crown Mines. (10th Jul., 1976; re-issued 28th Feb., 1976). Report no. 1829 An investigation of weathered carbonatite from Salpeterkop. (20th Jul., 1976; reissued 28th Feb., 1978). Report no. 1932 A BASIC computer programme for the evaluation of intensity data from the Telsec Lab-X-250 Analyser. (12th Jan., 1978). Report no. 1940 The extraction of the noble metals with n-octylaniline, and its application to the analysis of platinum-bearing materials. (30th Jan., 1978). Report no. 1945 Analyses of the NIMROC reference samples for minor and trace elements. (28th Feb., 1978). Report no. 1945 Analyses of the NIMROC reference samples for minor and trace elements. (28th Feb., 1978). International futures conference A conference entitled 'The Road Ahead' is being organized by the 1820 Settlers National Monument Foundation to be held in Grahamstown from 3rd to 7th July, 1978. Conference of metallurgists The technical programme has been established for the 17th Annual Conference of Metallurgists sponsored by the Metallurgical Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. This year the Conference will be held in Montreal, Quebec, on 27th to 31st August, 1978, together with the 8th Hydrometallurgy Meeting.

Jan 1, 1978

National Coal Board. Gate belt conveyors. London, H.M.S.O. (Price 95p.) Although the preface of this handy little book states that it has been written for the guidance of miningoperation trainees, it will prove valuable to the practising engineer as well. NIM reports Report no. 1733 A mineralogical investigation of weathered carbonatite from Salpeterkop. (14th Apr., 1975; re-issued 28th Feb., 1978). Report no. 1823 The recovery of gold and pyrite from a residue dump at Crown Mines. (10th Jul., 1976; re-issued 28th Feb., 1976). Report no. 1829 An investigation of weathered carbonatite from Salpeterkop. (20th Jul., 1976; reissued 28th Feb., 1978). Report no. 1932 A BASIC computer programme for the evaluation of intensity data from the Telsec Lab-X-250 Analyser. (12th Jan., 1978). Report no. 1940 The extraction of the noble metals with n-octylaniline,and its application to the analysis of platinum-bearing materials. (30th Jan., 1978). Report no. 1945 Analyses of the NIMROC reference samples for minor and trace elements. (28th Feb., 1978). International futures conference A conference entitled 'The Road Ahead' is being organized by the 1820 Settlers National Monument Foundation to be held in Grahamstown from 3rd to 7th July, 1978. Conference of metallurgists The technical programme has been established for the 17th Annual Conference of Metallurgists sponsored by the Metallurgical Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. This year the Conference will be held in Montreal, Quebec, on 27th to 31st August, 1978, together with the 8th Hydrometallurgy Meeting.

Jan 1, 1978

By A. Koursaris, J. B. See

An investigation is described in which the resistivities of Mamatwan manganese ore, Delmas coal, and Iscor coke, at temperatures or up to 1400°C were determined, as well as the resistivities of mixtures of ore of a constant size range with Delmas coal or Iscor coke of three different size ranges. The resistivities of the ore and the coal were characteristic of those for semi-conducting materials, were strongly influenced by temperature, and decreased by several orders of magnitude between room temperature and IOOO°C. The resistivity of the coke changed only slightly between room temperature and 1400°C, and the resistivity of the coal approached that of the coke at I300°C. This provides support for the theory that the resistivity of carbonaceous reducing agents is primarily a function of heat treatment, and not of the rank and composition of the coal. Above 1200°C, the resistivity of mixtures of ore and coke fell steeply owing to an increase in the volume fraction of coke in the mixture and to the formation of slag. The results were similar for the three different size ranges of coke. The extremely high resistivities of ore-coke and ore-coal mixtures at Iow temperatures indicate that there is unlikely to be much conduction of current in the higher regions of a furnace. Thus, the resistance of a furnace is governed mainly by the conditions at the electrode tips and in the molten regions. To explain the very Iow resistances of furnaces, usually, about I m£?, it would be necessary for investigations to be conducted under conditions similar to those in the active zone of a furnace.

Jan 1, 1980

By I. E. Teymenson, N Fedunets

Mining-metallurgical complex is the base of any economics and influences directly on practically all branches of world economics. Therefore the task of estimation and selection of investment decisions in mining industry adequate to modern market conditions and the task of decreasing multidimensional alternatives selection uncertainty are very actual. An uncertainty of investment alternatives is explained by a number of reasons, main of which are a presence of several investors types, an unstable situation on the market and an absence of evident relations between appraisal criteria used. Maximum increasing of formalization and objectivity of information technologies applied for an estimation permits to reduce the uncertainty of investment variants estimation. A number of principled innovations, allowing to solve the task of decreasing of multidimensional alternatives selection uncertainty, are introduced into the information technology of estimating and selecting investment decisions in mining-metallurgical branch, developed by us. In the article the necessity of including a cognitive model into developed selection mechanism, which allows to take into consideration inter-influences of used critera, has been grounded. Besides, the forecasting model considering interconnected time rows has been applied for increasing the world conjuncture forecast quality. Further in the article main metrics types have been characterized and application of weighted Chebyshev’s metrics as the most compromised from all studied metrics for variants selecting has been proved, and also the developed procedure of directional search of effective compromise decisions has been described. Brief characteristic of designed instrumental means of multi-criteria variants estimation and selection finalizes the article. In conclusion expedience and efficiency of using the developed information technology for reduction of multidimensional alternatives selection uncertainty have been grounded.

Jan 1, 2003

The Institute was founded in 1894 as the Chemical and Metallurgical Society of South Africa. In 1904 it was reconstituted as the Chemical Metallurgical and Mining Society of South Africa and in 1956 it became the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. The objects of the Institute are to advance the science and practice of mining and metallurgy, to afford opportunities for the interchange and recording of knowledge of mining and metallurgy and to ensure high standards of professional conduct and competence. Membership benefits include monthly issues of the Journal of the Institute, monthly General Meetings at which papers are read, symposia, excursions to mining and industrial concerns and the use of club facilities at Kelvin House. Technical journals received on an exchange basis are available to members at the Johannesburg Public Library. The current membership of the Institute is over 1,600. Membership applications are accepted from suitably qualified persons and the requirements for entrance to the various grades of membership are summarised below. Fellows shall not be less than 30 years of age, shall be university graduates in pure or applied science or shall produce evidence to the satisfaction of the Council that they have successfully completed a co-ordinated course of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration at an approved university or institution deemed by the Council to be of equivalent status. Members shall have been employed in senior technical positions in important mining or metallurgical undertakings for at least five years or they shall have practised as mining or metallurgical consultants for at least five years. They shall be practising their profession at the time of application. Entrance fee RI0.00, Annual subscription RI7.00. Letters of designation: F.S.A.I.M.M. Members shall be not less than 25 years of age and shall be university graduates in pure or applied science, or shall have successfully completed co-ordinated courses of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration. They shall have been engaged in work of an approved technical character in the mining or metallurgical industries, of which not less than two years shall have been in positions of responsibility. A candidate shall be practising his profession at the time of his application. Entrance fee R8.00, Annual subscription RI5.00. Letters of designation: M.S.A.I.M.M. Associates shall be not less than twenty-five years of age, and shall have been engaged in positions of responsibility in, or associated with, the mining or metallurgical industries for periods of not less than three years. If, however, the candidate for admission to the higher grade of Associate, is at the time of his application, already a Student, he need satisfy the Council only that he is, at the time of his application, engaged in a position of responsibility in or associated with the mining or metallurgical industries. In all cases the applicants shall satisfy the Council that they are fit and proper persons to become Associates. Entrance fee R8.00, Annual subscription RI5.00. Graduates shall be not less than 21 years of age and shall be university graduates in pure or applied science, or have completed co-ordinated courses of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration at an approved university or institution. They shall not remain Graduate members after attaining the age of 30 years without the permission of Council. Entrance fee R2.00, Annual subscription R10.00. Students shall be persons not less than 18 years of age who are being educated or trained in a manner approved by the Council, to occupy a technical position in or associated with the mining or metallurgical industries and who, furthermore, shall not have attained the qualification required for a higher grade of membership. They may remain Students until they have obtained the necessary qualifications for transfer to a higher grade of membership, but not after the end of the Institute's financial year in which they attain the age of 28 (twenty-eight) years. They shall then transfer to a higher grade to retain membership of the Institute. The Council may relax the provisions of this clause in such cases as it considers appropriate. Entrance fee nil; Annual subscription R3.00. Other. The Council has the power to elect to the grade of Fellow or Member, candidates who may not fulfil all the requirements for entrance to these grades but whose status, professional achievements and practical experience in mining or metallurgy justify such election. Applications. Requests for membership application forms should be addressed on the attached form to the Secretary, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, P.O. Box 61019, Marshalltown, Transvaal.

By C. M. Suhr

n order to validate the borehole analysis valuation procedure commonly used in the South African gold mining industry, a simulated orebody was used to create borehole values which would serve as data for the procedure. After confirming the distribution, calculating the variance size of area relationship, estimating the block variance, and calculating a profit measurement for each set, comparisons were made to the known population parameters. Results show only one overall bias (in the estimation of the lognormal third parameter), which is carried throughout the analysis. The remainder of the analysis is unbiased, validating the procedure.

Jan 1, 1987

Discussion of the above paper by G. J. van JAARSVELDt Mr Ortlepp's paper is important, and deals with a subject towards which much controversy and insufficient basic scientific logic, in my opinion, have been directed. He attempts to remedy some of our unscientific popular misconceptions, and for this we thank him. However, I regret to say that experience has shown that some of his statements cannot be allowed to pass unchallenged. Author's reply Mr Van Jaarsveld's contribution is welcome because it provides an opportunity for me to clarify certain points that were perhaps not adequately explained in the paper.

Jan 1, 1979

The Institute was founded in 1894 as the Chemical and Metallurgical Society of South Africa. In 1904 it was reconstituted as the Chemical Metallurgical and Mining Society of South Africa and in 1956 it became the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. The objects of the Institute are to advance the science and practice of mining and metallurgy, to afford opportunities for the interchange and recording of knowledge of mining and metallurgy and to ensure high standards of professional conduct and competence. Membership benefits include monthly issues of the Journal of the Institute, monthly General Meetings at which papers are read, symposia, excursions to mining and industrial concerns and the use of club facilities at Kelvin House. Technical journals received on an exchange basis are available to members at the Johannesburg Public Library. The current membership of the Institute is over 1,600. Membership applications are accepted from suitably qualified persons and the requirements for entrance to the various grades of membership are summarised below. Fellows shall not be less than 30 years of age, shall be university graduates in pure or applied science or shall produce evidence to the satisfaction of the Council that they have successfully completed a co-ordinated course of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration at an approved university or institution deemed by the Council to be of equivalent status. Members shall have been employed in senior technical positions in important mining or metallurgical undertakings for at least five years or they shall have practised as mining or metallurgical consultants for at least five years. They shall be practising their profession at the time of application. Entrance fee R10.00, Annual subscription R17.00. Letters of designation: F.S.A.I.M.M. Members shall be not less than 25 years of age and shall be university graduates in pure or applied science, or shall have successfully completed co-ordinated courses of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration. They shall have been engaged in work of an approved technical character in the mining or metallurgical industries, of which not less than two years shall have been in positions of responsibility. A candidate shall be practising his profession at the time of his application. Entrance fee R8.00, Annual subscription R15.00. Letters of designation: M.S.A.I.M.M. Associates shall be not less than twenty-five years of age, and shall have been engaged in positions of responsibility in, or associated with, the mining or metallurgical industries for periods of not less than three years. If, however, the candidate for admission to the higher grade of Associate, is at the time of his application, already a Student, he need satisfy the Council only that he is, at the time of his application, engaged in a position of responsibility in or associated with the mining or metallurgical industries. In all cases the applicants shall satisfy the Council that they are fit and proper persons to become Associates. Entrance fee R8.00, Annual subscription R15.00. Graduates shall be not less than 21 years of age and shall be university graduates in pure or applied science, or have completed co-ordinated courses of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration at an approved university or institution. They shall not remain Graduate members after attaining the age of 30 years without the permission of Council. Entrance fee R2.00, Annual subscription R10.00. Students shall be persons not less than 18 years of age who are being educated or trained in a manner approved by the Council, to occupy a technical position in or associated with the mining or metallurgical industries and who, furthermore, shall not have attained the qualification required for a higher grade of membership. They may remain Students until they have obtained the necessary qualifications for transfer to a higher grade of membership, but not after the end of the Institute's financial year in which they attain the age of 28 (twenty-eight) years. They shall then transfer to a higher grade to retain membership of the Institute. The Council may relax the provisions of this clause in such cases as it considers appropriate. Entrance fee nil; Annual subscription R3.00. Other. The Council has the power to elect to the grade of Fellow or Member, candidates who may not fulfil all the requirements for entrance to these grades but whose status, professional achievements and practical experience in mining or metallurgy justify such election. Applications. Requests for membership application forms should be addressed on the attached form to the Secretary, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, P.O. Box 61019, Marshalltown, Transvaal.

The Institute was founded in 1894 as the Chemical and Metallurgical Society of South Africa. In 1904 it was reconstituted as the Chemical Metallurgical and Mining Society of South Africa and in 1956 it became the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. The objects of the Institute are to advance the science and practice of mining and metallurgy, to afford opportunities for the interchange and recording of knowledge of mining and metallurgy and to ensure high standards of professional conduct and competence. Membership benefits include monthly issues of the Journal of the Institute, General Meetings at which papers are read, symposia, excursions to mining and industrial concerns and the use of club facilities at Kelvin House. Technical journals received on an exchange basis are available to members at the Johannesburg Public Library. The current membership of the Institute is over 1 600. Membership applications are accepted from suitably qualified persons and the requirements for entrance to the various grades of membership are summarised below. Fellows shall not be less than 30 years of age, shall be university graduates in pure or applied science or shall produce evidence to the satisfaction of the Council that they have successfully completed a co-ordinated course of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration at an approved university or institution deemed by the Council to be of equivalent status. Members shall have been employed in senior technical positions in important mining or metallurgical undertakings for at least five years or they shall have practised as mining or metallurgical consultants for at least five years. They shall be practising their profession at the time of application. Entrance fee R10,00, Annual subscription R20,00. Letters of designation: F.S.A.I.M.M. Members shall be not less than 25 years of age and shall be university graduates in pure or applied science, or shall have successfully completed co-ordinated courses of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration. They shall have been engaged in work of an approved technical character in the mining or metallurgical industries, of which not less than two years shall have been in positions of responsibility. A candidate shall be practising his profession at the time of his application. Entrance fee R8,00, Annual subscription R18,00. Letters of designation: M.S.A.I.M.M. Associates shall be not less than twenty-five years of age, and shall have been engaged in positions of responsibility in, or associated with, the mining or metallurgical industries for periods of not less than three years. If, however, the candidate for admission to the higher grade of Associate, is at the time of his application, already a Student, he need satisfy the Council only that he is, at the time of his application, engaged in a position of responsibility in or associated with the mining or metallurgical industries. In all cases the applicants shall satisfy the Council that they are fit and proper persons to become Associates. Entrance fee R8,00, Annual subscription R18,00. Graduates shall be not less than 21 years of age and shall be university graduates in pure or applied science, or have completed co-ordinated courses of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration at an approved university or institution. They shall not remain Graduate members after attaining the age of 30 years without the permission of Council. Entrance fee R2,00, Annual subscription R12,00. Students shall be persons not less than 18 years of age who are being educated or trained in a manner approved by the Councils to occupy a technical position in or associated with the mining or metallurgical industries and who, furthermore, shall not have attained the qualification required for a higher grade of membership. They may remain Students until they have obtained the necessary qualifications for transfer to a higher grade of membership, but not after the end of the Institute's financial year in which they attain the age of 28 (twenty-eight) years. They shall then transfer to a higher grade to retain membership of the Institute. The Council may relax the provisions of this clause in such cases as it considers appropriate. Entrance fee nil; Annual subscription R5,00. Other. The Council has the power to elect to the grade of Fellow or Member, candidates who may not fulfil all the requirements for entrance to these grades but whose status, professional achievements and practical experience in mining or metallurgy justify such election. Applications. Requests for membership application form should be addressed on the attached form to the Secretaries South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, P.O. Box 61019, Marshalltown, Transvaal.

The Institute was founded in 1894 as the Chemical and Metallurgical Society of South Africa. In 1904 it was reconstituted as the Chemical Metallurgical and Mining Society of South Africa and in 1956 it became the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. The objects of the Institute are to advance the science and practice of mining and metallurgy, to afford opportunities for the interchange and recording of knowledge of mining and metallurgy and to ensure high standards of professional conduct and competence. Membership benefits include monthly issues of the Journal of the Institute, monthly General Meetings at which papers are read, symposia, excursions to mining and industrial concerns and the use of club facilities at Kelvin House. Technical journals received on an exchange basis are available to members at the Johannesburg Public Library. The current membership of the Institute is over 1,600. Membership applications are accepted from suitably qualified persons and the requirements for entrance to the various grades of membership are summarised below. Fellows shall not be less than 30 years of age, shall be university graduates in pure or applied science or shall produce evidence to the satisfaction of the Council that they have successfully completed a co-ordinated course of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration at an approved university or institution deemed by the Council to be of equivalent status. Members shall have been employed in senior technical positions in important mining or metallurgical undertakings for at least five years or they shall have practised as mining or metallurgical consultants for at least five years. They shall be practising their profession at the time of application. Entrance fee R10.00, Annual subscription RI7.00. Letters of designation: F.S.A.I.M.M. Members shall be not less than 25 years of age and shall be university graduates in pure or applied science, or shall have successfully completed co-ordinated courses of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration. They shall have been engaged in work of an approved technical character in the mining or metallurgical industries, of which not less than two years shall have been in positions of responsibility. A candidate shall be practising his profession at the time of his application. Entrance fee R8.00, Annual subscription RI5.00. Letters of designation: M.S.A.I.M.M. Associates shall be not less than twenty-five years of age, and shall have been engaged in positions of responsibility in, or associated with, the mining or metallurgical industries for periods of not less than three years. If, however, the candidate for admission to the higher grade of Associate, is at the time of his application, already a Student, he need satisfy the Council only that he is, at the time of his application, engaged in a position of responsibility in or associated with the mining or metallurgical industries. In all cases the applicants shall satisfy the Council that they are fit and proper persons to become Associates. Entrance fee R8.00, Annual subscription R15.00. Graduates shall be not less than 21 years of age and shall be university graduates in pure or applied science, or have completed co-ordinated courses of study in pure or applied science of at least three years' duration at an approved university or institution. They shall not remain Graduate members after attaining the age of 30 years without the permission of Council. Entrance fee R2.00, Annual subscription R10.00. Students shall be persons not less than 18 years of age who are being educated or trained in a manner approved by the Council, to occupy a technical position in or associated with the mining or metallurgical industries and who, furthermore, shall not have attained the qualification required for a higher grade of membership. They may remain Students until they have obtained the necessary qualifications for transfer to a higher grade of membership, but not after the end of the Institute's financial year in which they attain the age of 28 (twenty-eight) years. They shall then transfer to a higher grade to retain membership of the Institute. The Council may relax the provisions of this clause in such cases as it considers appropriate. Entrance fee nil; Annual subscription R3.00. Other. The Council has the power to elect to the grade of Fellow or Member, candidates who may not fulfil all the requirements for entrance to these grades but whose status, professional achievements and practical experience in mining or metallurgy justify such election. Applications. Requests for membership application forms should be addressed on the attached form to the Secretary, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, P.O. Box 61019, Marshalltown, Transvaal.

Report M48 Tracer tests on furnaces at M etalloys Limited. Report M52 A high-speed, multi-input serial-interfacing system for a computer with simultaneous back-1lP recording on magnetic tape. Report M53 The development of an automatic sample-changer and control instrumentation for isotope-source neutron-activation analysis. Report M69 The determination, by X-ray-fluorescence spectrometry,of tin and tungsten in ores, concentrates, and residues of scheelite, wolframite, and cassiterite. Report M77 Analysis of the results of a marked-ball test in relation to theories of ball wear in rotary mills.

Jan 1, 1983

By W. K. Brinsden

The Australian Institute of Geoscientists (AIG) held their fifth successive annual seminar at Observation City, Scarborough, in Perth on 15th November, 1990. The title of the seminar was 'Strategies for Grade Control'. The Seminar attracted 158 delegates, including 10 speakers. In addition to geoscientists, the attendees included mining engineers, metallurgists, and mining analysts. The welcoming address was given by Rob Duncan, Chairman of the Westem Australian Branch of AIG, who said there is a strong demand for this type of seminar in Western Australia (WA). It helps geoscientists to keep up with former colleagues and to keep abreast of technical developments.

Jan 1, 1991

By S. K. Kawatra

Feasibility studies of the on-stream analysis of lead in mineral slurries by S. K. KAWATRA. P. Eng. (Canada). Ph.D. (Australia). M.Sc. (India) (Visitor) Instruments for the measurement of lead in mineral slurries by the use of isotopes can be based on the absorption of Iow-energy gamma rays, backscattering of beta particles, or X-ray fluorescence. The merits of each method are discussed, and the reasons for the selection of the beta-backscattering technique are given. A system using this technique has been designed, constructed, and tested on samples of concentrates from an industrial concentrator.

Jan 8, 1976

By G. A. Brown

A colloquium on industrial minerals entitled' A Strategy for Growth in the Industrial Minerals Sector' was held at Mintek on 5th November, 1991, under the auspices of the Extractive Metallurgy Sub-Committee of the SAIMM. The SAIMM had not been previously active in the field of industrial minerals, and the programme was designed to appeal to the middle management of mining and manufacturing companies in the industrial-minerals field. A total of 86 registered for the Colloquium, a predominance of the delegates (65 per cent) being non-members of the SAIMM. Two overseas delegates were registered after announcements

Jan 1, 1992

By K. C. Wilson

Recent experiments and analyses have provided greater understanding of friction losses for the size distribution of the particles forming the slurry. Wilson and Sellgren (2001), Wilson et al. (2006) and Sellgren and Wilson(2006) have proposed a multi-component model consisting of carrier fluid and pseudo-homogeneous, heterogeneous and fully stratified solids. The technique presented here was found to estimate friction losses well when compared to reported experimental results with pipelines with diameters mainly from 0.2 to 0.5 m for various mixtures of fine sand to coarse gravel and products from mineral processing and phosphate mining.

Jan 1, 2007