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By L. O. Filipov, N. E. Menad, A. Geneyton

"Zeta potential of synthetic monazites presenting various compositions were measured to investigate the effect of the main lanthanides substitutions on electrophoretic mobility and resulting IEP. The measurements are performed in a CO2 depleted and enriched solutions showing both reduced influence of monazite chemistry and strong influence of ions resulting from the solubilization and dissociation of CO2. The influence of oleic acid on the electrophoretic mobility of those monazites was also investigated. The influence of pH on oleate adsorption was studied using a bubble/particle adhesion system. Adhesion strength measurements were performed on pure synthetic monazite-(Ce) and monazite-(La). An extensive thermodynamic model of monazite in water was developed to highlight correlations between lanthanides hydroxides/carbonates species concentrations in the bulk solution and oleate adsorption. Based on electrophoretic measurements, advanced thermodynamic consideration and adhesion measurements, further details of the oleate adsorption model on monazite surface were proposed.INTRODUCTION Electrophoretic and potentiometric data on monazite and, a fortiori, other rare earth semi-soluble salts such as bastnaesite are extremely erratic (Chelgani et al. 2015). The isoelectric points measured with electrophoretic mobility methods range from 4.7 to 6.5 although sporadic data indicates an IEP (isoelectric point) far from that range. Different explanations are proposed in the literature to explain the IEP variability notably the numerous chemical substitutions that frequently occurred within monazite crystal lattice (Chelgani et al. 2015). Based on lanthanides speciation diagram, several authors highlighted the influence of specific lanthanide species on the flotation performance of rare earth semi-soluble salts when carboxylate or hydroxamate collectors are used. Although lanthanides ions have a great affinity for carbonates groups (Kragten et Decnop-Weever 1987), lanthanide (hydrogen) carbonates were not implemented in speciation diagrams. In this work, an advanced thermodynamic model is proposed to highlight correlation between flotation performance and lanthanide species predominance but also concentrations. Qualitative measurement of the monazite surface hydrophobicity are performed through tests of adhesion of coarse monazite particles onto bubbles. Since flotation and microflotation technics are highly influenced by hydrodynamic parameters, this method was investigated to obtain a sharp contrast between appropriate and inappropriate pH conditions. This paper is to investigate 1) the effect of lanthanides substitution on monazite surface properties through zeta potential measurements, 2) the mechanism of adsorption of carboxylates on monazite surfaces and 3) the effect of CO2 on monazite surface properties and carboxylates adsorption."

Jan 1, 2018

By G. J. Mei

Separation of hematite and iron-containing silicate gangue - aegirine by Flotation using fatty acid collector and (NH4)2SiF6 depressant was investigated in this paper. The flotation tests with single minerals show Ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS) is a selective depressant for aegirine in hematite flotation in weakly acidic medium, which can strongly reduce the flotation recovery of aegirine in the pH range of 4~5 while has no evident effect on the flotation of hematite. The results of flotation tests with actual ores show the separation of hematite from aegirine gangue by forth flotation was possible, and good selectivity was achieved. Chemisorptions were observed on aegirine mineral surface treated by AHFS solution by using SEM and IR spectrum measurements. On the basis of coordination chemistry, a comprehensive mechanism, which reasonably explains the selective depression of AHFS for iron-containing silicate, is also proposed.

Jan 1, 2014

By N. I. Um

The coal bottom ash generated from coal-fired power plant accounted for approximately 5 mil-lion tons in Korea. Almost all of coal bottom ash was treated as reclamation of the landfill because of the content of unburned carbon. For recycling of coal bottom ash, effective removal of that is required. So, in this study, the removal of unburned carbon by flotation was studied with respect to adsorption ability in surface of a bubble in order to consider its application to recycle the coal bottom ash. The sample A, B and C were that the coal bottom ash contained 2.73%, 7.01% and 10.49% of the unburned carbon (UC) respectively. The column flotation was carried out for each time as the artificial injection of air at 10.0L/min flow rate and the reagents of 500g/ton kerosene and 80g/ton MIBC were used. The samples per water of 1.3 liters were from 0.5% to 4% (w/w.%). In the result of this study, the kinetic curves of unburned carbon adsorption from injected air bubbles were in-creased rapidly as equilibrium was approached; only 5 sec was needed from the sample A and B and 10 sec was from sample C. And the equilibrium isotherms of unburned carbon adsorbed by the infected air bubble from the sample B and C could appear the BET adsorption isotherm; MT = KMEEO/(EO-E)[EO+(K-1)E](K: adsorption affinity), but not the sample A that was not enough to express the adsorption curve.

Jan 1, 2014

By M. R. Tavakoli Mohammadi

Novel solvent extraction technologies in recent decades have made attempts to show the problems in applying this method for dilute solutions and find appropriate solutions to overcome them. Improving the equipments performance used in this method for dilute solutions, cause development of usable resources and reduction of operational costs. Furthermore, appropriate conditions provide for using dilute solutions produced in various industries as a new source of valuable elements. Thus, this proposal can be a very good solution for treatment of these solutions and reduce the environmental impacts associated with them. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new method of Column Floto Extraction (CFE), which has been invented in this regard. In this method, using spargers similar to Jameson cell downcomer in floatation process, the organic phase bubble dispersion has been used instead of its drop dispersion in aqueous phase for the two-phase mixture operation. This operation mode has caused a higher extraction percentage of solute in high aqueous to organic ratios due to enhancement of contact area. In this study, in addition to explaining the advantages and features of this method, we have dealt with its design and performance mode.

Sep 1, 2012

By Bhargav Dhavala, Sristy Raj, Ashok Kumar, Suman Krishna Sit, Adity Ganguly, D. P. Chakraborty

"Tatasteel’s West Bokaro washery#3 is designed to deslime raw coal at 0.5mm; the oversize (+0.5mm) is beneficiated in dense media cyclones (DMC) while the undersize (-0.5mm) is beneficiated in froth flotation (FF) cells. Nearly, 80% of the raw coal feed reports to the DMC circuit consisting of four parallel streams. Presently, the performance of DMCs at washery#3 is interpreted by: (a) comparing the actual plant yield w.r.t the lab predicted yield and (b) misplacement of clean coal to middllings.However, the comparison between actual & lab predicted yield is fallacious given the fact that the lab predicts yield of the borehole sample while the feed received at the plant has different characteristics altogether due to the dilution during mining. To mitigate the said limitations, a quick diagnosis tool using the past data has been developed that will give a prediction of performance of different coal seams in the DMCs, inputs being feed ash to DMCs and stream wise feed specific gravity (coal & magnetite combined).The tool also will help in identifying the root cause on real time basis thereby helping the operator to take necessary corrective actions. The operator can intimate the mining personnel in cases of shale reporting to the feed as a result of dilution during mining. In events of higher standard deviations between the parallel streams w.r.t feed specific gravity, the operator can adjust the parameters accordingly to minimize the yield loss. INTRODUCTION West Bokaro came into existence in 1948, as an independent coal company, managed by M/S Anderson Wright. Tata Steel acquired the Company in 1956 to meet its requirement of metallurgical grade coal for Iron making. Subsequently, in 1976, it was made a division of Tata Steel. In 1974, when coal mines were nationalized, West Bokaro was exempted as it produced coal only for captive consumption of the Steel Works. The first washery of India was set up in West Bokaro. The business objective of the West Bokaro division is to produce clean coal at optimum cost for captive use in the steel plant of Tata Steel at Jamshedpur. The strategy is to reduce ash with minimum loss of yield so that quality of coal improves and yet the cost is beneficial vis-a vis imported coal. The primary product is the metallurgical grade coal for coke ovens, which converts coal into coke for use in the Blast Furnaces."

Jan 1, 2018

By Yuexin Han

The wet preconcentration of haematite, comminuted by high-pressure grinding roller was studied, using the cylindrical ferromagnetic medium. The effects of various factors including rod diameter, rod gap and background magnetic field intensity (BMFI) on the performances of preconcentration for different size fractions and the force analysis of single mineral particles with different diameter in the separation zone were emphatically investigated. The results showed that as the rod diameter increased, the rod gap decreased, and the BMFI increased the tailings grade and the tailings yield reduced while the concentrates recovery raised that was regardless of variations in feed size distribution. For the -3.2+0.18mm size fraction preconcentration, the magnetic medium with a rod diameter of 4 mm and a rod gap of 7 mm at BMFI of 454kA/m is used to get a higher performance. For -0.18mm size fraction preconcentration, the magnetic medium with a rod diameter of 4 mm and a rod gap of 4 mm at BMFI of 263kA/m is used to get a higher performance. After the classifying preconcentration, at the optimum condition, the overall concentrate grade increases by 9.56 percentage points and the concentrate recovery is up to the 82.67% with a tailing grade of 10.68% and a tailing yield of 40.31%. The magnetic force, exerted on weekly magnetic minerals was proportional, to the specific susceptibility and square of BMFI. For the same BMFI, the magnetic capturing force on coarse particles increased, and that on fine particles decreased with the increasing of rod diameter. For the lean locked-particles, considering the gravity and viscous resistance of particles, rods with a big diameter were beneficial to the capture of coarse particles and had no influence on the capture of fine particles, while rods with a small diameter were good for the capture of fine particles and not suitable for the capture of coarse particles of lean locked-particles. Keywords: low grade haematite, high-pressure grinding roller, high intensity magnetic separation, pre-concentration

Sep 1, 2012

By Yongfu Yu, Xiaotie Wang, Fuguang Zhang, Liping Che

"The flotation process of native Rare Earth minerals such as bastnasite, monazite, mixed minerals of bastnasite and monazite, using the new effective collector Dh was studied in this paper, respectively, and the flotation properties are described. The good qualities of the new collector Dh were revealed through comparing with other collector of Rare Earth minerals. The test results of different ore samples show that at moderate pulp pH (8.5-9.5), Rare earth minerals can be effectively separated from barium, calcium and silicon bearing intergrowth minerals (barite, calcite and silicate minerals) and high quality Rare Earth concentrates can be obtained successfully by the new collector Dh, acid silica gel, turpentine and reagents fitting together rationally. In order to determine optimum technical conditions, the effect of pulp pH, pulp temperature, pulp density and the effect of dosage of reagents (Dh and acid silica gel) on the flotation were investigated in the test.Simultaneously, the paper explores the mechanism of the flotation of Rare Earth minerals from intergrowth minerals. The infrared spectra for Dh and Rare Earth cation by analysis in theory shows that Dh formed chelate complex with Rare Earth cation and were adsorbed on the surfaces of Rare Earth minerals. The mechanism of the intergrowth minerals depressed by acid silica gel can be explained as gummy colloid hydrolyzed from acid silica gel which are selectively absorbed on the gangue minerals, making them hydrophilic and depressed, with pulp pH value of alkalescent."

Jan 1, 2003

By Philippe De Donato, Odile Barres, Mukendi Kongolo, Stoyan Gaydardzhiev, David Bastin, Jean-Marie Kanda

The adsorption patterns of potassium amylxanthate on the surface of high purity malachite subjected to prior sulfidization with NaSH have been followed and elucidated. DRIFTS spectroscopy has been used to trace the associated physicochemical alterations as well as the chemical species present on the mineral surface. Varying the collector concentration from 5.10-4 to 1.10-2 mol/L has led to different degree of surface coverage of the alkyl groups and to formation of organometallic hydrophobic complexes of CuX or CuX - X2 type. The results reveal that the CuX complex formed on the malachite surface without sulfidizing agent is more unstable and prone to dissolution-precipitation phenomena. Based upon the constructed adsorption isotherms and upon the degree of statistical coverage, different zones of mineral-reagent interactions could be distinguished. They correspond respectively to the monolayer, bi-layer and tridimensional condensation domains. In each of the identified zones mono or double layer adsorption patterns of the collector are proposed leading respectively to formation of surface compounds with different degree of hydrophobicity. The results suggest that sulfidisation remains an important prerequisite in view achieving efficient flotation of the malachite from the studied copper ore.

Jan 1, 2014

By Arkady Senchenko, Andrey Vasiliev, Alexander Aksenov, Metodi Zlatev

"This paper considers the issue of treating argillaceous oxidized ores with low gold grade (around 1.0 g/t). These ores according to their gold recovery level can be treated by heap leaching and agitation cyanide leaching, but low gold grade makes this treatment uneconomic. Heap leaching of argillaceous ores requires high consumption of binding agent for pelletizing to create suitable hydro-physical properties of material, which leads to increasing process cost and makes the material treatment unprofitable. Agitation cyanide leaching of this ore requires grinding processes; these expenses would not be paid back by the amount of gold recovered. Considering the above, poor argillaceous oxidized ores are recommended to be treated according to a combined technology including fractionation of ore, heap leaching of coarse fraction and agitation leaching of argillaceous fraction. Complex approach application allows one to avoid expenses incurred for material grinding and high consumption of binding agent for pelletizing. The success of this technology implementation will firstly depend on the quality of material fractionation, therefore the section of disintegration and division of ore into different components will be the most important part of flowsheet development for gold production. When disintegrating minerals at positive temperatures both standard (mechanical disintegration - scrubbers) and innovative (hydraulic method of disintegration - HydroClean units) equipment is applicable. HydroClean units are characterized by lower energy and water consumption. In a number of cases it is required to treat frozen ores. When treating frozen material standard approaches to disintegration are not reasonable due to their low efficiency. In order to treat frozen material a two stage disintegration flowsheet with screening after each stage is recommended. The first stage is recommended to be performed in a scrubber, the second - in a HydroClean unit. This technological flowsheet will provide high and steady values for ore separation into fractions at low energy consumption for disintegration."

Jan 1, 2014

By Mohsen Hashemzadehfini

Nowadays heap leaching has become established as a mineral processing technology for treatment of some low grade minerals such as copper, gold, and zinc, etc. Heap height, particle size, leach reagent consumption, and metal recovery are four important metallurgical parameters in a hydrometallurgical process like heap leaching. This paper investigated the effects of heap height and particle size on copper recovery as well as acid consumption. Three heap heights of 2, 4 and 6 meters and two particle size fractions of less than 25.4 mm and 50.8 mm were selected as variables in the experiments. The research results showed the inverse relation between heap height and copper recovery as well as acid consumption. Under given conditions, the copper recoveries of minus 25.4 mm ore are 78.63%, 66.27% and 52.88% higher than that of minus 50.8 mm samples for the heap heights of 2, 4, and 6 m, respectively. Both copper recovery and acid consumption increase with decreasing particle size. Keywords: heap leaching, heap height, particle size, acid consumption

Sep 1, 2012

By M. M. Moghaddam

Charge motion is of prime importance in the efficiency of comminution in tumbling mills. Since direct observation of charge shape and its motion in industrial mill are not possible, a combination of analytical and physical studies was used to determine charge trajectory. Software packages, which predict charge motion such as the GMT (Grinding Media Trajectory) only consider the outermost layer of charge (single ball) and ignore the interactions of grinding elements. In this research, the measured charge trajectory in a 1m-diameter mill with the transparent end, called model mill, was compared with that of the GMT. Four types of polyurethane rings were accurately machined to scale down the liners arrangements at two industrial mills. To explore various charge shapes and trajectories, the model mill was operated at 55, 70 and 85% of critical speed for five levels of mill filling (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by volume). The angular displacement of the toe, toe departure, shoulder and charge impact point were determined from the photographs taken from the model mill. New relationships to predict charge shape and charge impact points were introduced to modify the GMT results. The relationships were validated by the model mill using the new liner of the Sarcheshmeh copper complex SAG mill. The relative error of prediction was found to be 1.1%. The results indicated that when the lifter face angle increased from 7 to 30º, the distance between the charge impact point and the toe decreased from 52 to 31º for 25% filling. This meant increasing the probability of charge impacting the toe not the liner which favoured more efficient comminution practice. After converting AG mills to SAG mills on account of liner profile change, 31% increase in throughput (from 419 to 548 t/h) in addition to 4% decrease in the product size (from 516 to 496 µm) were realized which was a significant contribution in the plant performance improvement.

Sep 1, 2012

By T. Onnela

Metso Mining and Construction Technology is one of the world leading suppliers of equipment and knowhow for aggregate and mining industry. The processing capacity, ease of use, and reliability are featuring Metso?s state-of-the-art cone crushers. Crushing is a complicated process affected by numerous parameters. The optimized crusher kinematics is one of the key factors for high performance. To fine tune the crusher kinematics and crushing chambers one needs to know how different parameters affect. The main cone crusher parameters are head angle and diameter, gyration point, shaft speed, eccentricity, stroke length, and inclination and design of crushing cavity. Selecting the correct combination of these parameters is a multi task optimization challenge. In practical life there are more factors to achieve satisfactory performance, like crushing chamber wear and profile management keeping the performance constant over the whole wear life, control of crusher frame loads, ability to handle disturbances in feed material etc. The extensive research work has lead to a solution that enables the highest possible material density in the crushing chamber. This design provides maximum reduction of processed material and thus increased share of 0/10 mm product. High density in the cavity offers further benefits, such as high throughput capacity, less material contact with wear parts and even load on crusher frame and bearings. The challenge that an equipment supplier involved with high density crushing is how to design a robust cone crusher, which is able to cope with the high crushing forces due to high resistance from the crushed material against the gyration movement. Metso has launched a new series of cone crushers HP3, HP4 and HP5 that are all able to work in high density crushing applications The test results and evidence from over 300 installations clearly prove the effectiveness and importance of high density crushing. Keywords: cone crusher, crushing chamber, crusher kinematics

Sep 1, 2012

By E. V. Zelinskaya, A. E. Burdonov

"In the raw aluminum production processon electrolyzers with self-baking anodes, during technological operations, flow-regulated treatment and adjustment of the electrolyte chemical composition produced by diesel and floor-rail technology, alumina and fluoride salts are spilled through the ventilation grilles of the electrolysis body aeration channels, leakage in the equipment, machinery and motorized machinery construction elements. As a result of this, a part of the bus station and the level of ± 0 (the basement room with supporting curbstones and columns, on which electrolyzers are installed) are covered with technological raw material. This leads to an increase in the conductor (bus) resistance, contact connections deterioration, cell insulation failure and raw materials loss. For example, at the enterprise ""Rusal-Bratsk"", as a result of the activity, up to 420 tons per month of alumina-containing wastes that are unfit for use in the electrolysis process are formed due to the alumina substantial contamination with salts of iron and silicon, which significantly reduces the technical and economic parameters of the electrolysis process. The main scientific problem is the processing (cleaning) of alumina-containing waste having a complex mineralogical composition of the material, its contrast and structure, from oxides of iron and silicon, using ""dry"" separation methods. In the performing the work process, qualitative indicators of the influence of external factors (air humidity, precipitation, sunlight, temperature difference) on the physicochemical processes components interaction during the raw materials storage are established. On the basis of laboratory tests, it is established that alumina-containing raw materials can be separated and photometric and gravitational separation methods used. A mathematical model of the motion of particles of primary and prepared alumina-containing raw materials in a cascade-gravity classifier was developed. The criteria and factors characterizing the alumina-containing material, as well as influencing and determining the maximum material enrichment, are established."

Jan 1, 2018

By W. H. Cheung

Nickel and cobalt production relies heavily on the processing of nickel laterite ores; these ores contain the majority of known Ni and Co reserves, 80% and 90% ~ 95%, respectively. The Caron process is used to extract Ni and Co metals from low-grade nickel laterite ores (1% Ni and 0.1% Co). It involves selective reduction of NiO and CoO minerals followed by ammoniacal leaching. Despite low metal recoveries, this process continues to be technically and economically reliable and thus commercially important globally. However, keeping the Caron process cost-effective has been a challenge for industries because of increasing economic and environmental pressures. Although studies of the Caron process have been extensive, significant improvements in recoveries of industrial processes have not been forthcoming. Reported industrial metal recovery from high iron content ore is only 80% ~ 85% for Ni and only 40% ~ 45% for Co; recovery is even lower for ores rich in magnesium. The real difficulty here is that there is no complete understanding of and control over the complex series of reactions in the ore and in the leaching solution during processing. Achieving effective metal recoveries from the Caron will require control of the mineral transformations, which affect the activation of minerals by reduction. In this study, the effect of over-reduction was investigated, which superseded the effect of activation by lowering the activity of the minerals and thus metal dissolution. Reduction was carried out in a batch reduction apparatus with 1:1 and 1:2.5 CO/CO2 gas mixtures from temperatures of 500 ~ 700°C and residence times up to 60 minutes. The pre-reduced ores were leached using a standard ammoniacal leaching test. Thermodynamic analysis and possible effects of stable phase field on leaching was examined. The results suggest that control of over reduction effects are directly related to the mineral transformation and reduction conditions.

Jan 1, 2014

By Q. Zhang

This paper, by studying the surface properties of pure dolomite minerals separated from representative marine sedimentary rare earth-bearing phosphate ores in Zhijin, Guizhou, aims to study the effect of different anions on the ? potential of dolomite. The research findings showed that the dolomite mineral had a point of zero charge (PZC) at pH 6.5, and the PZC shifted towards lower pH values with addition of anion SiO32- and PO43-. However, addition of anion CO32- and F- resulted in higher PZC values. Keywords: dolomite, ? potential, PZC, anion

Sep 1, 2012

By Ashish Agarwal

For a correct evaluation of the performance of any process, it is important to reconcile the data gathered in the plant from the material balance point of view for all the streams flowing in and flowing out of the process unit. There are two main approaches to reconciliation of data, which involve minimization of the sum of the squares of: (i) the closure residuals and (ii) the component adjustments; both weighed with the estimated variances of the components. Though, these approaches have served us well, it has not been possible to ascertain if the reconciled values for various components and the split factors obtained using these approaches are truly the best estimates. In this paper, this aspect has been investigated by analyzing pseudo-experimental data of known error structure on size classification of particles in a hydrocyclone. Three types of basic error structures were considered for the measured component values: absolute error, relative error and chi-square error. The error structure was modified by adding a random component of error using normally distributed random numbers corresponding to zero mean and different levels of variance. By carrying out a large number of simulation experiments, it has been shown that in the presence of random errors, irrespective of the basic error structure of data, which is usually unknown, the chi-square error minimization criterion can be used to obtain most reliable results. Keywords: data reconciliation methods, chi-square error minimization

Sep 1, 2012

By B. Z. Wu

The ore dressing of tin-polymetallic lean ores is a difficult problem and the research emphasis in domestic nonferrous metals mining field. Through research and tackle key problem,and in order to supply reference in dealing with the same types ores, this paper expatiates the exploiture and appli-cation of six item new technology and technics in ore dressing of tin-polymetallic lean ores. It include the technics of multi-step compounding disposing tailings, grinding step by step, grinding and processing circularly technology, high thickness without circle flotation technology, dispersedly flotation tin step by step technology, exceed fine lean plumbum stibium zinc flocculation flotation technology, the synthetically recovery of waste water after ore dressing technology.

Jan 1, 2014

By Barun Gorain, Aparup Chattopadhyay

"Many double refractory gold deposits are characterized by the dominance of ""invisible gold"" (sub-microscopic gold) as solid solution or as colloidal-sized particles in different sulfides and other phases. These deposits are mainly composed of silicates and carbonates with moderate clay and mica content and with minor amount of sulfides and organic carbonaceous matters. The presence of highly preg-robbing and finely disseminated carbonaceous matter adversely affects gold recovery in leach circuits. Characterization of carbonaceous matters, commonly known as TCM and quantification of gold associated within these carbonaceous matters along with different sulfide and oxide phases is highly complex and challenging. Studies were initiated on various complex ore deposits and also on samples representing various process streams. This paper presents the development of a systematic approach to gold deportment studies using state-of-the-art mineralogy characterization techniques for quantification of invisible and visible metal contents in various species. The relevance of this mineralogy characterization to metallurgy will also be discussed in this paper."

Jan 1, 2014

By I. N. Gridasov, T. V. Ignatova, E. V. Shelepov

"Mikhailovskoye Deposit is comprised of oxidized ferruginous quartzites among other minerals with the former widely spread across the ore field and mined along with unoxidized ferruginous quartzites. PJSC Mikhailovsky GOK strategic development is aimed at iron ore product output expansion. The most critical item of the strategic development road map is process design for separation and concentration of hematite contained in oxidized ferruginous quartzites mined as the by-product in the open pit. Laboratory and semi-industrial tests run to design cost-effective, reliable and environmentally friendly process for Mikhailovskoye deposit oxide quartzites processing included the following processes: - pilot tests of reverse anionic flotation which produced concentrate with Fe60.1-62.9% total iron content and 66-69%Fe recovery rate; - combined magnetic separation and flotation (Marubeni Company, 1982) including slime removal, reverse anionic and cationic flotation and high gradient magnetic separation resulting in 48.9% yield, Fe55-57.5%, up to Fe60.5% hematite concentration ( Fe64.1% being the best result achieved),76.2% recovery. - magnetic separation and flotation, including separation in low gradient (1400 Oe) and high gradient (up to 17000-18000 Oe) magnetic field. The results of these pilots tests were the following: 57-59%Fe concentrate, 70%Fe recovery (Mekhanobrchermet, MGOK, 1982-1988): - magnetic roasting in pilot plant of TSGOK (Krivoy Rog) which produced 61.1%Fe concentrate with 81.5% recovery. Major disadvantage of the method is high generation of dust equal to 20% of the initial feed. Based on third-party studies flotation of oxidized ferruginous quartzites process embracing best processing methods was designed by Metalloinvest Management Company LLC and PJSC Mikhailovsky GOK engineers. This paper discusses analysis of studies aimed at intensification of separation processes with application of mechanical slurry agitation (MSA), addition of alkali (NaOH) and elutriation of initial feed. The paper also provides a design solution to implement a lab-scale MSA plant. It includes feasibility evaluation of MSA inclusion in flotation of oxidized ferruginous quartzites process to enable higher yield and hematite recovery in resultant concentrate. Outcomes of the discussed work have significant value for prospective engineering of OFQ concentration process."

Jan 1, 2018

There are some problems in the beneficiation of fine-grained oxidized iron mineral such as high cost, severe sliming, poor results and low recovery due to the fine disseminated size of the mineral. Taking several representative types of finely-disseminated oxidized iron minerals as examples, the author analyzed the main difficulties in the beneficiation of such kind of ores and discussed the existing problems in grinding-classification, technological process, flotation reagents and separation equipments and the resolvents of these problems.

Jan 1, 2014