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By J. J. Cosgrove, J. E. Warren

A general model which approximates the effect of cross- flow has been developed to give a practical method for predicting the waterflood behavior of a stratified reservoir. The model is based on a modification of Dietz's theory and allows for variations in both the permeability and hydrocarbon pore volume. In the particular cases considered, it is assumed that the permeability can be characterized by a log-normal distribution and the hydrocarbon pore volume by a normal distribution. A simple graphical method which enables the practicing engineer to predict the behavior of a stratified system is presented The results obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by the Dykstra-Parsons method. As a result of this study the following conclusions have been drawn: (1) The effect of cross-flow in a stratified system can be appreciable, particularly at very favorable or very unfavorable mobility ratios; (2) Under normal conditions, the effect of variations in the hydrocarbon pore volume can be neglected; and (3) The failure to use all of the available permeability data can lead to large errors in the prediction of the behavior of a stratified reservoir. INTRODUCTION Various methodshavebeenproposedto characterize and to predict the waterflood behavior of a stratified reservoir. Most of the methods assume that the reservoir is composed of discrete homogeneous continuous layers. With this model, the degree of stratification can be measured by several parameters based on core-analysis data. Among these are the Lorenz coefficient1 and the variation of a log-normal permeability distribution? The behavior of stratified systems is usually predicted by the Stiles, Dykstra-Parsons method or some modification of these. In both of these methods the reservoir is divided into discrete homogeneous layers with no cross-flow between layers. In the Stiles method the mobility ratio is assumed to be equal to unity while in the Dykstra-Parsons method it is allowed to take on any value. Other predictive methods have been proposed; method allows for cross-flow between the beds and a method by Schmalz and Rahme6 correlate.s the recovery directly with the Lorenz coefficient. In this new approach, which is essentially a continuous analog of Hiatt's method, the effects of both mobility ratio and cross-flow between the beds have been included. It is assumed that the permeability can be represented by a log-normal distribution and the hydrocarbon pore volume or porosity by a normal distribution. These types of distributions have been observed by several authors, 1,2,4 and most field data seem to confirm their observations; e.g., if these distributions are assumed and there is a 1:l correspondence between porosity and permeability samples, the commonly encountered linear relationship between porosity and the log of permeability is obtained. Since, in many field cases the permeability and poro sity data are truncated or cut-off at predetermined upper and/or lower values, the effect of discarding part of the data was investigated with the proposed method. A better technique for truncating the data is suggested. THEORY In the derivation of the method to be described in this paper the following assumptions are made: 1. Capillary forces are negligible per se; their effects are only manifest in the relative permeability curves. 2. The fluids are immiscible, incompressible and homogeneous. 3. The reservoir is horizontal and uniformly thick; it is initially liquid saturated i.e., connate water and oil. 4. The reservoir is composed of discrete layers, each having its own permeability, porosity and connate water saturation; each layer is homogeneous,

Jan 1, 1965

By JAMES H. McGRAW

P UBLZCLTY and engineers do not mix. In the very words of my subject, there is an apparent contradiction. In the past, publicity has been abhorrent to the engineer. It seems to be true that the engineer, because of his training or his background, has developed a state of mind which omits publicity. At any rate he has done a poor publicity job for himself. The average engineer is self-conscious; he ought to be class-conscious. If T should ask the men in this hall to get up one by one and tell who they are and what they have done, there would be an instinctive reaction in the mind of each man-a feeling that this was out of place. If I should ask each man to get up and tell something about his neighbor, I should find that each neighbor, once he got acquainted with the man next to him and understood what he was doing, would be as human and as generous-hearted in telling about his brother engineer as is any professional man.

Jan 1, 1920

By S. A. Braley

DRAINAGE water from coal mines is probably the most serious water pollution problem today, varying in importance according to location of the mines and geological structure. Drainage may be either acid or alkaline in character. Acid discharge, the most severely detrimental to a stream, is caused by natural oxidation of the sulfuritic material (FeS2) in the strata associated with the coal seam. Since the acid is the result of a natural reaction the acid water differs because it does not cease with abandonment of the mining operations. There is no known economical method of neutralizing acid mine water or any practical method to prevent oxidation of exposed pyrite. Since production of acid from a mine does not stop when mining stops, the total quantity produced depends entirely upon the excavated areas. The increasing volume of acid water in many mines has greatly increased operating costs. Pumping is expensive and acid mine waters are destructive of all equipment, especially metals in pumps and piping, and necessitate the use of corrosion-resistant materials. Discharge of the acid mine drainage into streams neutralizes their normal alkalinity, causes them to become acid, and produces an environment unfavorable for aquatic life and unsuited for industrial or domestic use without costly treatment.

Jan 1, 1957

By D. W. Fuerstenau

THE object of this article is to point out the experimental relationship which exists among contact angle, adsorption density, zeta potential, and flotation rate data. In each of the experiments discussed in this article, the surface properties of quartz, as a function of pH, were measured in solutions to which constant quantities of dodecylam-monium acetate were added. Morrow1 and deBruyn2 worked with solutions containing 4.08x10-5 moles per liter, whereas Fuerstenau3 and Seele worked with solutions containing exactly 4x105 moles per liter, but this difference is not significant. The pH of the solutions was regulated with HCI or NaOH in all cases. In each case, the addition of collector was constant, but the concentration of dodecylammonium ions decreased because of the formation of dodecylamine at higher pH values.2 Contact Angles: Gaudin and Morrow1 presented data for the contact angle of quartz in solutions containing 4.08x10-5 moles of dodecylammonium acetate per liter between pH 2 and pH 10.15. Using the same captive bubble techniques, the writer measured contact angles on quartz in solutions containing 4x105 moles of dodecylammonium acetate per liter at pH values ranging from 9.9 to 13.2. Both sets of data are presented in Fig. 1, in which the contact angle in degrees is plotted as a function of the pH of the solution. From pH 2 to about 8, the contact angle

Jan 1, 1958

By S. A. Swensrud

REPORTS from smelters show that all were so occupied with the in- creased production called for during the first half of the year that little time was devoted to metallurgical developments. Improvements which have been made such as gas-firing and other alterations ill the reconstructed Hayden smelter, will require time for reporting. The labor situation at all plants held the most prominent place and put all other problems in the background. Coming events of considerable importance concerti the construction of two new smelters. The Chino unit of Nevada Consolidated which has long had its concentrate smelted at the El Paso plant of the American Smelting and Refining Co. is constructing its own smelter at the property in New Mexico. The newest Phelps Dodge development of the Clay ore body at Morenci, Ariz., will call for another new smelter.

Jan 1, 1938

By Clarence E. Sims, George A. Moore

INTRODUCTION IN previous publications of the writers4-7 it has been shown that vacuum extraction of steel can be carried as close to quantitative completion as desired provided the steel is in the austenitic state and sufficient time is allowed. For precise work, the method claims preference because the equipment for holding and heating the sample can be made simple, and because crucibles, boats, and other unnecessary materials can be eliminated and the blanks thus made very small. It is well known that the evolution rate of hydrogen is smaller just above the transformation than immediately below, as would be expected from the increase in solubility when passing into the gamma state. Many attempts have been made to obtain analyses by extraction just below the transition, using times of approximately 2 hr. While it is true that the rate of evolution drops nearly to zero under these conditions, it has repeatedly been shown that the process is incomplete since on raising the temperature into the austenitic range, evolution will be resumed, usually after a considerable induction period. The low-temperature evolution process appears to be useful in some cases for comparative tests where the residual error may be more or less constant between samples. For general use, however, there is no guarantee that the error caused by incomplete extraction is constant; hence, the more laborious but more reliable high-temperature process must be used. At high temperature, an original flash evolution, similar to that at lower temperature, is first observed. After not more than an hour, the flash subsides and evolution settles down to a regular first-order reaction rate for which the half-life* is usually of the order of a few hours for the 5/8-in. diam cylinder at 1050°C. The regular evolution may be followed for whatever period appears justified, after which the residual gas may be estimated as equal to that which was evolved in the last observed half-life period. Tests have shown that the composition of the evolved gas does not vary greatly during the progress of evolution; therefore the residual gas may safely be taken to have the same composition as the portion col-

Jan 1, 1948

By E. S. Noe, D. S. Arnold, C. E. Polson

Reactors of today and tomorrow require a high uniformity of their fuel elements despite the wide variety of uranium raw materials from the far corners of the earth. To meet these quality standards metallurgists have been working to design production methods capable of yielding reactor feed materials whose maximum impurities are specified in parts per million, whose physical limits are expressed in thousands of an inch, and whose density variations are less than 1 pct. Such requirements are necessary to maintain normal neutron flow in the atomic reactor and to insure that the isotopic content of the feed material is maintained within narrow limits. Uranium ores and concentrates are produced in many sections of the world, including the Belgian Congo, South Africa, Australia, Canada, and the Colorado Plateau of the U. S. Ores from many of the larger deposits are relatively low grade, and these are concentrated near the mine site before shipment to refining centers, but high grade ores may be shipped directly to refineries.

Jun 1, 1956

By T. A. Boyden

The Free World uranium market is now characterized by production nearly twice that of consumption result- ing in a rapid build-up of uranium inventories. Low- cost production from high-grade deposits in Australia and Western Canada will gradually add another 10 to 15 million pounds U308 annually into Free World production throughout the 1980's. This latter material cannot be absorbed in further inventory build-up and can only displace higher cost production. The result is a restructuring of the Free World producer industry. United States and Eastern Canadian producers have the higher cost production which gradually will be displaced from the market during this decade. As United States production declines, United States utilities must increase their reliance on foreign supplies in order to meet their needs. This paper reviews the elements that will cause the restructuring of the Free World producer industry and the expected response of the United States utility industry to that developing situation.

Jan 1, 1982

By S. A. Braley

DRAINAGE of acid mine water into surface streams of coal mining areas is one of the most serious problems of stream pollution, since there is no known method that completely prevents its forming and no economically feasible treatment after it has formed. The mine acid problem differs from other pollution hazards because acid production does not end with cessation of mining but actually becomes more evident when pumping is stopped. The acid problem in the Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky bituminous coal areas of the U. S. began with the first operation in 1761, and the volume of acid discharge today is largely the cumulative result of years of mining. Provided they lie above the drainage area, the oldest mines, now long abandoned, are almost without exception producing acid in the same manner as those now operating or recently abandoned. It is well to consider some of the many procedures that have been used to determine the composition

Jan 1, 1957

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. on all. week-days, except holidays, from Sept. 1 to June 30; and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 9, 1916

By Thomas Clagett

THE Pocahontas coal field comprises the area in Tazewell County, Va., and Mercer and McDowell Counties, W. Va., in which Nos. 3 and 4 Pocahontas seams of bituminous coal are mined. It is a mountainous region with ridges rising 300 to 1000 ft. (91 to 305m.) above the very narrow valleys and, except for some poorly kept farms along the tops of the ridges and the area occupied by the mining and coking plants and villages, is wooded throughout. First shipments were made from Pocahontas in 1883. There are now, about 100 mines, 95 per cent. of which are drift mines. At the end of 1920, approximately 298,000,000 gross tons of coal had been produced and 35,000 acres of coal mined. No. 3 seam is from 4 to 10 ft. (1.2 to 3 m.) thick, but the change is gradual and the thickness fairly uniform in any particular locality. It has a streak of bone, about 2 in. (5 cm.) thick, io which the coal adheres on both sides. In parts of the field this bone is replaced by hard slate, usually from 2 to 4 in. thick. The seam has a slate or fireclay bottom and a draw-slate top. No. 4 seam is from 65 to 80 ft. (19.8 to 24 m.) above No. 3 seam, and of minable section only in the western part of the field. It is from 3 to 8 ft. thick and has two streaks off bone, each from 1 to 2 in. thick. It has a fireclay or slate bottom and is overlaid by from 4 to 24 in. of a laminated coal and slate, locally termed "black rash," which is separated from the coal seam by about 3 in. of slate. This "black rash" averages about 25 per cent. ash, but contains some clean coal. The coal in both seams is quite soft. Cleavage sufficiently well defined to exert an influence on the mining is rare. Overlying strata are slates, shales, and sandstones, the sandstones predominating, extending from .30 to 1000 ft. above No. 3 seam. The strata directly above the. draw slate of No. 3 seam, or "black rash" of No., 4 seam, and up to the first sandstone are usually slates or shales, about 10 ft. thick over the

Jan 5, 1922

By Walter R. Hibbard

Whether we have occasion to think of it or not, an adequate and economic supply of energy fuels is vital to each of us. It is interesting to look ahead at the way in which fuels from supplementary sources will begin to enter into the energy mix to help meet the long-term national energy needs. From 1947 to 1965, the average annual rate of growth of energy consumption was 2.7%, with total energy demand in 1965 being equivalent to 54 quadrillion Btu's. During this short period of 18 years, the cumulative output of coal in the U.S. was 9.6 billion tons; natural gas, 193.5 trillion cu ft; and crude oil, 45.9 billion bbl. During the next decade and a half the nation's energy requirements are expected to grow at an average rate of 3.3% yearly, with consumption of energy expected to reach an annual rate of about 88 quadrillion Btu's by 1980, or 63% over the 1965 level.

Jan 12, 1967

By S. Edward Drummond, Charles D. Haynes, Stephen H. Stow

This paper is a preliminary report on the occurrence and distribution of economically interesting heavy minerals (kyanite, sillimanite, staurolite, zircon, monazite, ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile) in sands from the sea floor surface of the offshore area, Alabama-Mississippi. Weight percent of heavies derived from the +60 portion of 97 samples is contoured in [Fig. 1]. Five hundred grains from 42 of the heavy mineral separates were identified and sized microscopically; the data were converted to weight percent for each mineral species and are summarized in [Table 1]. Heavy Mineral Distribution In the Gulf, there is a general westward decrease [(Fig. 1)] in maximum abundance of heavies from 2.4% north of Sand Island at the mouth of Mobile Bay to slightly over 1.0% south of Petit Bois Island and a corresponding decrease in the Mississippi Sound from 1.4%, north of Dauphin Island to slightly over 0.25% north of Horn Island. Average concentrations of heavies for different areas are found in Table 1. There is westerly longshore transport in this area; the interaction of the longshore current with discharge from Mobile Bay and disruptions of the current by Sand Island, possibly aided by a shoaling effect, appear to be the cause of the preferential deposition and concentration of heavies (2.4%) north of Sand Island in 10 to 14 ft of water.

Jan 1, 1977

Single orders 2.5 c. Pamphlets 10. c. each in lots of three or more. Pamphlets 5 c. each in lots of fifty or more. These prices prevail for orders for pamphlet, of the same or different titles. The pamphlets listed on the following sheets are advance copies printed to facilitate discussion at the meetings of the Institute. They are offered for sale at the reduced prices given above as long as the supply, lasts. This list is published in the Bulletin in order that members may have the first opportunity to secure pamphlets, which sometimes are in such great demand that the supply is exhausted before the wants of members can be supplied. The following list includes only a fraction of the pamphlets that have been published by the Institute. Any other paper published by the Institute may be obtained for the price of $1, except those published in Volume XXXI, which are rare.

Jan 5, 1917

By Stephen C. Blair

Laboratory permeability measurements at elevated pressure and at temperatures ranging from 20º to 150°C have been conducted on samples of Ironton-Galesville sandstone. The purpose of this testing was to identify and characterize important physicochemical processes occurring in association with the injection and withdrawal of heated ground water at the U.S. Department of Energy's Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) field site in St. Paul, Minnesota. Results indicate that permeability decreased significantly as temperature was increased and that dissolution of the dolomite and silicate cementing agents and accompanying changes in mechanical properties may occur in the heat storage aquifer at St. Paul. Further, loss of permeability with temperature in laboratory samples may be caused by the change in the mechanical structure of the sample. Tests at ambient temperature to evaluate the effect of particle migration under conditions of reversed flow indicate that this process will not significantly impair formation permeability at the St. Paul site.

Jan 1, 1984

By L. B. Gittinger

Sulfur is a nonmetallic element widely distributed in nature. It constitutes 0.06% of the earth's crust but only a very small portion occurs in sufficiently concentrated amounts to justify mining. Sulfur occurs in practically all animal and plant life. It constitutes approximately 0.09% of the elements in the oceans; it has been found in meteorites. Sulfur was known and used by man before recorded history. The American Chemical Society approved spelling for the element is sulfur. The English spelling sulphur is used commercially in the United States. In ancient times, sulfur was called brimstone, literally "burning stone." Today the term brimstone is used interchangeably with the term elemental sulfur. Sulfur is found naturally in the elemental form in subsurface deposits associated with gypsum and anhydrite in salt domes and sedimentary formations in evaporite basins and in solfatara-type deposits associated with volcanoes and mineral springs. Sulfur occurs also in molecular combination in ferrous sulfides (pyrites and pyrrhotite) and nonferrous sulfides (copper, lead, zinc, and nickel), and in mineral sulfates (gypsum and anhydrite); as hydrogen sulfide contaminant in natural gas; as organic compounds in crude oil and tar sands; and as pyrite and organic compounds in coal and oil shales. Sulfur resources are abundant and exist throughout the world but the extent to which they can be classified as reserves is greatly circumscribed by prevailing prices and technology. Estimates of world sulfur reserves are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. A compilation of reserves by area and source of sulfur published in 1970 and presented here as [Table 1] totaled 2.47 billion tons (Lewis, 1970). The effect of the decline in prices which has occurred since the earlier estimate is dramatically illustrated by the 1972 estimate of the U.S. Dept. of the Interior which shows world sulfur reserves of only 1.2 billion tons (Anon., 1972d). Sulfur is produced commercially from one or more sources in nearly 70 countries of the world. World production of sulfur in all forms totaled 41.6 million tons in 1971. (Sulfur statistics given in this chapter are long tons.) Native deposits, sulfides and oil and gas contributed, respectively, 31, 41, and 25% of world production (Table 2). Of the sulfur produced from native deposits, salt domes accounted for 54% and evaporite basin deposits, 44%. Volcanic deposits are of little significance except for local consumption. The past two decades have seen important shifts in the world's sulfur sources. In 1950, native deposits and sulfides each supplied about one-half of the world's production. During the 1950s, sulfur recovered from oil and natural gas grew rapidly, representing about 10% of the total by 1960. Since then, the petroleum industry has continued to increase its relative importance as a source of sulfur, representing more than 30% at 1972 year-end. Sulfur is generally classified as elemental or nonelemental for statistical purposes. Elemental sulfur is sulfur produced in the pure, uncombined form. It includes production from native deposits, as well as that recovered in the elemental form from oil and natural gas or other sulfur-bearing materials. When produced from other than native deposits, it is generally referred to as recovered elemental sulfur. Nonelemental sulfur is that which is utilized commercially in molecular combination with other elements, such as sulfides or sulfates. Elemental sulfur is being produced from salt dome deposits in the Gulf Coast region of the United States and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico, and from evaporite basin deposits in west Texas, Poland, Sicily,

Jan 1, 1975

Karl L. Fetters moves to the front of the AIME organization this month as the 1964 President of the Institute. He will take the chair vacated by outgoing President Roger V. Pierce at the Annual Meeting in New York, already well-rehearsed in his forthcoming duties after a year of preparation as AIME President-Elect. Dr. Fetters is highly qualified for his new responsibilities on both the administrative and professional level. For the past five years, he has been vice president for research and development at The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. in Ohio, where he has achieved wide recognition as an out- standing metallurgist and executive. A native of Alliance, Ohio, he obtained his early education in the public schools of his home town and displayed a singular precocity when he launched his professional career as a chemist for the Morgan Engineering Co. at the age of 16. His new career, however, was soon set aside in favor of four years of higher education at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, whence he emerged in 1931 with a bachelor's degree in metallurgical engineering. Surprisingly, and perhaps owing to the employment stringencies of the Depression years, the first job his new qualifications earned him was that of stationary engineer at the Cunningham Sanitarium in Cleveland. After two years of ministering to the mechanical ailments of this institution, Dr. Fetters relinquished his post for a more suitable one in the field of metallurgy.

Jan 2, 1964

By M. A. Matzkin

The Problem: There are no roads and mapping has been inadequate. There isn't a clearing large enough to accommodate a conventional airplane. Entry would consume months, yet the area must be investigated. Sustained communication is impossible except by radio. Cost in time and money for exploration would be exorbitant. . . . . . . . .

Jan 9, 1953

By W. A. Backofen, B. B. Hundy

THE pole figure interpretation in a recent paper' on the torsion texture of copper was questioned in discussion,2 nd a simpler alternative interpretation was proposed. In the hope of reaching a positive decision in favor of one or the other, further studies were undertaken with 70-30 brass and Armco iron. This additional work has not answered all the questions about torsion textures, but the new pole figures do offer support for the original interpretation and show that the texture is more complicated than the alternative suggests. From the previous paper,' the appropriate method of describing the texture in a twisted bar is known to be a pole figure plotted on a plane tangent to the surface of the bar. The axes of the pole figure are chosen to coincide with directions in the tangent plane which are parallel and at right angles to the bar axis (the longitudinal direction, L.D., and the transverse direction, T.D.), for these directions define symmetry axes of the texture. Therefore any ideal orientation that might be selected to represent the texture gives the crystallographic plane parallel to the tangent plane and the crystallographic direction parallel to the axis of the torsion specimen. A unique texture was assumed in the original interpretation, and the four ideal orientations, (112) [111], (111) [112], (110) [001], and (112) [131], were used in its description. Of the four orientations, the first three provide possible slip directions along the direction labeled T.D. in the pole figure, which is one of maximum shear stress in a specimen being twisted. The alternative, however, simply considered the texture to be made up of two components, one a [Ill] alignment along the specimen axis with a random orientation about the axis as in the wire texture, and the other a superimposed orientation (110) [0011. Experimental evidence for this simpler interpretation was derived from two observations: 1—twisting did not alter the orientation of a single-crystal torsion specimen of a brass in which an octahedral plane was perpendicular (and a [Ill] direction parallel) to the axis, and 2—deformation bands with approximately the (110) [001] orientation were seen to develop in the crystal during the test. The new pole figures were obtained with a brass and an iron torsion specimen of 3/4 and 1 in. gage length diameter, respectively. After annealing, polishing, and twisting, seven rods, about 0.030 in. in diameter and with different orientations, were prepared from material near the surface of each specimen; these were required for the method of constructing pole figures by using a Geiger counter as developed by Norton.5 Since the shear strain gradient in plastic torsion is linear, it was readily computed that the material supplying the brass rods had been subjected to a shear strain of about 3.2, and that supplying the iron rods had received a shear strain of about 2. All details concerning specimen design, testing procedure, rod preparation, and use of the Norton technique can be found in ref. 1. Only this procedure was followed in working out the (111) and (100) pole figures for brass, Figs. 1 and 2. However, X-ray photograms were also involved in the construction of the (110) pole figure for Armco iron, Fig. 3. The photograms were made according to the conventional transmission diffraction technique using a small sheet taken parallel to the specimen surface and etched to a thickness of about 0.0025 in. They were especially important in locating the boundaries

Jan 1, 1954

The State School of Mines, University of Utah, is this year giving-a four weeks' course for prospectors-Jan. 8 to Feb. 3, 1917-covering the fundamentals of geology, mineralogy, mining and the metallurgical treatment of ores. There will be 36 lectures of 1 hr. each and about 20 laboratory periods, each 3 hr. in length. It is the purpose of the School of Mines to make the course entirely a practical one, and purely theoretical considerations will be omitted. The laboratory work is designed to supplement the lectures and-to give those taking the course a working knowledge of the principles involved. In order to bring the course within the reach of all, no laboratory fees will be charged, and the only fee will be a nominal one for registration in the University, of $1.00, but it is expected that those who attend will be genuinely interested in the work.

Jan 2, 1917