Search Documents

The United States Employment Office of the Department of Labor, of which the division of engineering and education, under the direction of A. H. Krom, maintains an office at 29 La Salle Street, Chicago, Ill., is engaged in a classification of engineers in order to make their services more readily available in case of need. We have received a form used by this division, on which it requires only a very little time to indicate one's particular line of work, his experience and the salary that he desires. We have been asked to impress upon members of the Institute the distinct advantages that come through registration. Filling out the blank entitles an engineer to free employment service, provides him with direct contact with the Government, supplies him with information in regard to engineering affairs, and helps him to become successful in his profession. The Government wishes every technical man to register, so that it may know the strength and location of the engineering reserve. It is therefore the duty of every patriotic engineer, whether he needs a position or not, to register at once. Blanks can be obtained by addressing the office above noted.

Jan 10, 1918

By William Hamilton Merritt

At the Atlanta Meeting in October, 1895, a short paper was presented by Mr. R. W. Leonard on the " Assay of Auriferous Ores and Gravels by Amalgamation and the Blow-pipe" (Trans., xxv., 645), embodying the results of some very conclusive tests as to the value of the process. His arguments regarding the desirability of the process appear to be indisputable, but the practicability of the field-outfit used by him is open to question. The Province of Ontario, in which Kingston is situated, is still largely unexplored; and at the Kingstoil School of Mining we give much attention to the instruction of prospectors and the testing of ores. To this end, not only is there a small mill (to which Mr. Leonard alludes) attached to the school, but prospectors' classes

Jan 1, 1897

By Chris Weyand

Throughout the past 40 years we have been drawing inevitably closer to the conclusion that coal will be our chief source of energy. Our reserves of natural gas and petroleum, on which we depend, are dwindling. Knowing that we will soon reach our physically extractable limit of these energy sources. The US government has created many incentives to encourage energy companies to transfer technology and resources from natural gas and petroleum to coal. Such encouragement is stimulated through taxation methods. Coal mining engineers deal mainly with production, which involves planning and design throughout the acquisition, exploration, development, production, and reclamation of a mine. Though taxation is not one of the areas analyzed by the engineer, it should be considered and understood as it is involved in the mine life cycle. This paper will discuss coal taxation in the five stages of mining and will explore certain tax saving decisions.

Jan 1, 1983

By H. L. Hazen

The uranium mill at Gunnison, Colorado, started crushing ore Dec. 31,1957, and has now been operating four months. The acid leached ore is washed by counter-current decantation through a system of four classifiers and four thickeners and most of the dissolved uranium reports in the overflow from the first washing thickener. This uranium is extracted from the aqueous pregnant solution by solvent extraction using di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid and tri-butyl phosphate dissolved in a high-flash-point kerosene as the extracting organic. The pregnant organic is then stripped with soda ash solution. The uranium bearing soda ash solution is filtered to remove insoluble carbonates and any sediment reaching that part of the circuit. The clarified carbonate pregnant solution is then acidified to 3 pH, heated to 180°F to drive off the last traces of CO2, and the uranium finally precipitated as yellow cake with MgO.

Jan 11, 1958

As it is the plan of the War Department to return 400,000 soldiers a month during the next four months, Colonel Arthur Woods, Special Assistant Secretary f War, has requested the Engineering Societies to assist the Government by soliciting their members to advise the respective societies, at the earliest possible moment, f any place where companies can employ returned soldiers. This request applies not only to the professional men who are returning but also to the miners, mechanics and other skilled labor among the enlisted men. Army discipline has not only made these men think more quickly but also more willing and obedient workers. The whole training has been conducive to regular habits and clean living steadying these men and fitting them to meet emergencies more quickly and has instilled more loyalty to their superiors and to their jobs. Further, the military instruction they have received has increased the men's powers f concentration. The War Department cannot too strongly bring before the employers of skilled labor the fact that the employment f discharged soldiers will be advantageous to the employer and economically beneficial to the country. The following is a list of the vocations of the men who are now returning:

Jan 6, 1919

By N. Mohan, A. K. Biswas, V. Y. Sampat Kumar

At low sodium-oleate concentration, calcite flotation is substantially improved by the use of CO2 instead of air. Electrophoretic mobility measurements indicate that carbonation results in the accumulation o f positive charge on the calcite particles. This heightens adsorption of oleate anion, an effect confirmed by tracer-technique measurements. Fundamental insight is obtained as to how CO2 serves better as an activator than some mineral and organic acids, how oxalic acid acts as a depressor, and why the influence of Ca++ ions, liberated during carbonation, on flotation behavior of calcite is insignificant and sometimes adverse.

Jan 1, 1972

The American Federation of Labor adopted 'the following resolution at its Atlantic City convention: "WHEREAS, scientific research and the technical application of results of research from a fundamental basis upon which the development of our industries, manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and others must rest; and WHEREAS, the productivity of industry is greatly increased by the technical application of the results of scientific research in physics, chemistry, biology; and geology, in engineering and "agriculture, and related sciences; and the health and well-being not only of the workers but, of the whole population as well, are dependent upon advances in medicine and sanitation; so that the value of scientific advancement to the welfare of the nation is many times greater than the cost of the necessary research; and WHEREAS, the increased productivity of industry resulting from scientific research is a most potent factor in the ever-increasing struggle of the workers to raise their, standards of living, and the importance of this factor must steadily increase since there is a limit beyond which the average standard of living of the whole population cannot progress by the usual methods of re-adjustment, which limit can only be raised by research and the utilization of the results of research in industry;. and

Jan 8, 1919

By Corale L. Brierley

An unidentified, high-temperature microbe, which oxidizes reduced sulfur and iron in an acid medium between 45° and 75°C, is studied to determine its ability to leach copper sulfide minerals and molybdenite. Copper is leached from low-grade ore as well as a chalcopyrite concentrate, and preliminary data indicate a tolerance of 1.0 gpl copper by the microbe. A molybdenite concentrate is also biogenically leached, and the microbe is able to continue growth when the soluble molybdenum concentration is 750 ppm. Molybdenum can not be biogenically extracted from waste material using the present technique. Direct observation using SEM illustrates colonial growth and developmental characteristics of the microbe on molybdenite fines. The organism responds to hexavalent molybdenum by reducing this metal to the pentavalent state in aerobic and nitrogen gas atmospheres.

Jan 1, 1974

Members whose deaths were reported from Apr. 5, 1920, to Apr. 9, 1921. Elected Died 1916 ALLAN, FERGUS L 1920 1916 ATKINSON, CHESTER 1921 1920 BARBERENA, RAUL R 1920 1918 BARKER, F. L 1920 1914 BELL, D. A. S 1920 1920 BREWSTER, GEORGE AUGUSTUS 1920 1917 BRIGHAM, EDMUND D 1921 1915 CARROLL, D. J 1920 1897 CHAPMAN, ROBERT H 1920 1919 COOPER, W. G 1920 1918 CRITCHLOW, EDWARD B 1920 1917 CURTIS, WILLIAM L 1920 1893 DARSIE, JAMES 1920 1892 DELANO, WARREN 1920 1877 DEWEY, FREDERIC P 1921 1917 ENEBO, BENJAMIN A 1920 1896 FAWCETT, JAMES H 1920 1906 FRASER, A LEXANDER J . 1920 1889 GARLICHS, HERMAN 1921 1893 GILLET, LORENZO M 1920 1886 HALDEMAN, HORACE L 1920 1914 HALL, HARRY E 1919 1905 CHART, C. R 1920 1906 HART, PHILIP E 1920 1877 HARTRANFT, SAMUEL S 1921 1914 HICKMAN, E C 1920 1919 || INMAN, WILLIAM ELLIOTT 1921 1920 JETER, J. TINSLEY 1920 1918 JOHNSON, CHARLES W 1920 1916 JOHNSON, FRANK E 1920 1913 KING, FREDERICK G 1921 1887 KNAPP, GEORGE F 1920 1902 LAMB, RICHARD 1920 1880 LANE, J. S 1920 1920 LECKIE, WILLIAM 1920 1887 LEVAT, DAVID 1921 1882 LAWRENCE, BENJAMIN B 1918 1916 LEYNER, J GEORGE 1920 1871 LYMAN, BENJAMIN S 1920 1903 MCCHRYSTAL, JOHN H1920

Jan 1, 1923

FOLLOWING the presentation at the annual meet-ing of the paper "Recent Developments in Classi-fication," by A. M. Gaudin and W. L. Remick, the discussion presented below took place: H. N. Spicer : I haven't been able to study this paper closely, but I would like to ask 'Mr. Remick something regarding the work done by the mechanical classifier. The screen test given here would appear to show that the classi-fier did very, very poor work. The 44 per cent efficiency calculated from this equation is much lower than any ordinary operation. Nothing is stated regarding the de-tails. of the operation, the slope of the classifier, the dilu-tion, the speed, and such other factors that influence results. I would also like to know something of the material that was worked. The Manhattan schist that I have seen them digging out of the subways is of a flaky nature, so that in any classifier, you might get the factor of fine flakes floating over. Was the same material used in the hydrotator test? The screen tests vary a whole lot. Mr. Remick: You will notice the Dorr classifier han-dled the circulating load. This classifier naturally was run in closed circuit. I should like to be pardoned for quoting from Mr. Bates' paper of last year on "Classifica-tion in the Witwatersrand Mills." In this report only two efficiencies were given for the so-called straight type Dorr classifier. One was 44.6 per cent and the other 61.6. I don't know whether or not an average should be taken for the proper performance. I assume that that test was performed under better conditions, yet the efficiencies av-eraged only 53.1 per cent. I am afraid I am taking the words out of Professor Taggart's mouth, but he has told me that the Dorr classi-fier at Columbia is not the proper size to work with the Hardinge mill with which it is connected. This indicates only the inadvisability of putting commercial sized mat chines in a school laboratory. You cannot, he says, get the proper tonnage from the Hardinge mill to work the Dorr classifier and get the best results. Mr. Bates' results show higher efficiency with the lower capacity. Now, on the other hand, I assume that the classifier described in Mr. Bates' paper was probably run at the proper capacity.. It is a rather puzzling question.

Jan 4, 1927

By Frederic A. Delano

In adding one more to the list of papers that have been presented on the subject of steel rails, I wish to explain at the beginning that in enumerating the steps in the manufacture which, I think, have an all-important effect on the wearing-qualities of the rail produced, I do so with no little hesitation. As a student in the field, I am anxious for the opinions of others, and have finally decided to ask for it in this way. I have not stated everything which I think affects, in one way or another, the life of rails, but have confined myself to those steps in the manufacture which I felt most sure did do so. Recognizing the danger of being carried away by enthusiasm, I have endeavored to make my assertions with caution, and to understate my case rather than to overstate it; but if I have succeeded in throwing a ray of light on this vexed question and placed it in the eyes of some railroad men in an aspect which they have not fully considered, my boldness will be more than justified. I. Uniformity in the quality of the material charged into the converter assists the attainment of uniformity in the steel produced.— This is the argument which is used by the champions of the cupolamelting or indirect process, and has considerable weight. It takes vastly more skill to make good steel if there is a great irregularity in the iron charged into the vessel than if there is not this irregularity ; but on the other hand, there are certain advantages in the direct method, such as a lower sulphur-percentage from the same furnace-iron, while it is possible to get as great uniformity in the iron charged by having the furnace-capacity enough in excess of the demands from the converting department, to allow for occasional " slips " in the furnaces, and permit the mixing of the iron from two furnaces which are respectively too " hot" and too "cold." 11. Care in pouring ingots at the proper temperature into warm moulds, and the treatment of ingots before rolling, have important effects on the rails made from them. In other words, many of the failures in rails and the uneven wear of rails are often traceable to

Jan 1, 1888

Four generations ago, the Mount Morgan ore deposit sustained the hurly-burly of frantic development common to the finding of a rich discovery. In this case, it was gold discovered in gossan capping on one of the hills of the Dee Range. The bonanza ore, like the flush of youth, has been spent. Today, one recognizes in this operation the orderly manner of the senior citizen, keeping up with the times and husbanding resources. As mining towns go, Mt. Morgan has an enviable situation. The approach is from Rockhampton, Qld, a peaceful, affluent agricultural and cattle center near the sea. To reach the mine, one goes 22 miles, first across farming country, passing orange groves and occasional children on horseback. The ascent into the Dee Range is winding and rapid. In the winter, the hills are green and Bougainvillaea and flowering yellow bracken grow wild on the hillsides. Around a bend, the brown waste terraces of the mine come into view, rising above the surrounding country. The top of the mountain has been sawed off and a deep pit sunk into the core. A little further on, around a few more curves, the town of Mt. Morgan is seen nestling comfortably in the hollows, reaching up the slopes.

Jan 10, 1964

By D. Collins, B. Pina, G. Snell

The conversion of moisture and ash free (maf) coal to pyridine solubles and gas was investigated in a microautoclave batch reactor. Two washed Kentucky coal samples (KY # 9 and KY #11) were studied in liquefaction solvents of various donor strength. The liquefaction solvent hydrogen donor strength was varied by changing the tetralin content of a mixed 1 -methylnaphthalene-tetralin mixture. Primary liquefaction conversions in excess of 90 wt% in 10 minutes of reaction time @ 700° K (427OC or 800°F) were achieved with liquefaction solvents of moderate donor strength, i.e. 40% tetralin. A modified irreversible first order rate expression (eq. 1) described the experimental data:

Jan 1, 1986

By L. R. Flint, W. L. Freyberger, W. J. Howarth

W. L. Freyberger (Director, Institute of Mineral Research, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Mich.)-The authors are to be complimented on their theoretical analysis of a column flotation process, and the comment I wish to make is not related to that analysis, but to the use of the word "countercurrent" to describe that process. Strictly speaking, the process the authors have described is countercurrent only in the sense of particle-bubble contact. That is, as solid particles and air bubbles pass through the column, the leanest flotation feed (the tailing) comes in contact with the greatest concentration of mineral-free bubbles. However, air bubbles alone do not comprise the complete extracting phase in a flotation system. A second component of this extracting phase is the collector, which is really the extractant inducing transfer of mat-

Jan 1, 1972

By Robert H. Richards, E. E. Bugbee

Friends often ask how accurate the work of our little stamp mill is, or express the opinion that a little mill cannot do good work. As a reply we would like to place on record the results of a few tests. There are two periods of work in our laboratory; the fall term, when the class collectively goes through all our chief laboratory-processes, and the spring term, when the students work up their theses, each electing some one process or investigation and devoting himself wholly, or almost wholly, to that. Some of the tests, the results of which are recorded in this paper, were made in the fall term; the preparation of the apparatus, the sampling and the assaying being done largely by assistants, with the aid of the students. Others were made in the spring term as thesis-work, and the results are due wholly to. the students. The complete " tree " of our process is patterned after the-

Jan 1, 1904

All the TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS and CONTRIBUTIONS published in 1935 are available at Institute headquarters, unless otherwise noted. They are also on file in many public, university and technical libraries and, when so indicated in the list, may be found in the TRANSACTIONS. Copies of the TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS have been mailed to members of the Institute that are registered in the different classes: A-Metal Mining; B-Milling and Concentration; C-Iron and Steel Division; D-Nonferrous Metallurgy; E-Institute of Metals Division; F-Coal Division; G-Petroleum Division; H-Industrial Minerals Division (Nonmetallics); I-Mining Geology; J-Mineral Industry Education Division; K-Mining Administration; I-Geophysical Prospecting. Other members may obtain copies by writing to the Secretary. Copies of CONTRIBUTIONS may also be obtained from the Secretary's office. Additional copies are sold at the rate of 1 cent per page; minimum charge, 25 cents. Nonmembers may purchase the papers at the prices mentioned. [ ]

Jan 1, 1936

By Benjamin C. Craft, Frank Perkins

The wall-building properties of salt-water muds can be maintained at high temperatures by additions of gum karaya, gum ghatti, gelatinized starch, or commercially prepared starch. A germicide should be used to prevent fermentation. Introduction The behavior of drilling mud has received special attention from the petroleum industry within the past few years in numerous research projects dealing with such subjects as chemical treatment, gelation, and filtration characteristics. The importance and control of filtration, or water loss, is readily apparent* It affects the analysis of side-wall cores and interpretation of electric logs; it controls to a large extent the work of primary cementing, reduces the amount of expensive fishing, and permits the running of long strings of casing. It has been found that among the many factors that have an adverse effect on filtration, the presence of electrolytes, in general, and of salt, in particular, is outstanding. The effect is one of flocculation of the colloids due to neutralization of the negative charges on the clay particles. This reaction is further increased on the Gulf Coast because high temperatures reduce dispersion, to a minimum, causing increased flocculation in both fresh-water and saltwater muds. The problem of reducing water loss in salt-water muds by the addition of gums and starch at atmospheric temperature has been investigated,' and many successful field tests in West Texas indicate its solution. From the work of Byck2 it is concluded that no existing method will permit an approximate determination of the filtration rate at high temperatures from data taken at room temperatures. Filtration should be measured at the ternperature actually anticipated in the well, or at least at a number of lower temperatures and extrapolated over a small range. A laboratory study has been made of the chemicals available for the filtration characteristics of salt-water muds at high temperatures, and the use of germicides to prevent fermentation. Laboratory Investigations Procedure Since the purpose of this investigation was to compare several different gums and starches at elevated temperatures, mud from the same source was used for all the tests. Viscosity was measured in a Stormer viscosimeter at 600 r.p.m. and water loss was determined with a Baroid High-pressure and High-temperature Wall-building Tester3 at temperatures from 80' to 250°F. and at a pressure of 500 lb. per sq. in. for 30 minutes. The samples tested consisted of 150 grams of commercial Louisiana mud, 50

Jan 1, 1943

By Benjamin C. Craft, Frank Perkins

The wall-building properties of salt-water muds can be maintained at high temperatures by additions of gum karaya, gum ghatti, gelatinized starch, or commercially prepared starch. A germicide should be used to prevent fermentation. Introduction The behavior of drilling mud has received special attention from the petroleum industry within the past few years in numerous research projects dealing with such subjects as chemical treatment, gelation, and filtration characteristics. The importance and control of filtration, or water loss, is readily apparent* It affects the analysis of side-wall cores and interpretation of electric logs; it controls to a large extent the work of primary cementing, reduces the amount of expensive fishing, and permits the running of long strings of casing. It has been found that among the many factors that have an adverse effect on filtration, the presence of electrolytes, in general, and of salt, in particular, is outstanding. The effect is one of flocculation of the colloids due to neutralization of the negative charges on the clay particles. This reaction is further increased on the Gulf Coast because high temperatures reduce dispersion, to a minimum, causing increased flocculation in both fresh-water and saltwater muds. The problem of reducing water loss in salt-water muds by the addition of gums and starch at atmospheric temperature has been investigated,' and many successful field tests in West Texas indicate its solution. From the work of Byck2 it is concluded that no existing method will permit an approximate determination of the filtration rate at high temperatures from data taken at room temperatures. Filtration should be measured at the ternperature actually anticipated in the well, or at least at a number of lower temperatures and extrapolated over a small range. A laboratory study has been made of the chemicals available for the filtration characteristics of salt-water muds at high temperatures, and the use of germicides to prevent fermentation. Laboratory Investigations Procedure Since the purpose of this investigation was to compare several different gums and starches at elevated temperatures, mud from the same source was used for all the tests. Viscosity was measured in a Stormer viscosimeter at 600 r.p.m. and water loss was determined with a Baroid High-pressure and High-temperature Wall-building Tester3 at temperatures from 80' to 250°F. and at a pressure of 500 lb. per sq. in. for 30 minutes. The samples tested consisted of 150 grams of commercial Louisiana mud, 50

Jan 1, 1943

By William Kent

(Read at the Amenia Meeting, October, 1877.) IN a paper by Mr. Frank Firmstone, published in vol. iv, of the Transactions of the Institute, on "Comparison of Results from Open-topped and Closed-topped Furnaces," the regularity of the average grade of pig iron produced by the furnace under different conditions is expressed by means of a curve or diagram. The object of this note is to show that the graphic method, or that of representing variations by plotted curves or diagrams, is capable of a much more extended application to blast-furnace records, making a valuable auxiliary to the "furnace .book," and that by it the practical metallurgist may obtain at a glance information concerning the variations of the furnace during long periods, which could be found in the furnace book only after a tedious search. Plate XII is a graphic record of an anthracite blast furnace for one month. The table on page 554 gives the figures obtained from the furnace book, together with a record of temperature of the atmosphere, barometric pressure, and moisture in the air, which was obtained from a meteorological observatory not far from the furnace. In the records of a furnace, two of the variable qualities are final results, viz., the quantity of pig iron produced, and its grade; all the other variables are antecedent causes which produce the final results. Of these variable causes which contribute to the quantity of product and its grade, some are partially under the control of the furnace manager, others depend upon the state of the atmosphere, and still others are accidental. Of the first class are the character of the materials charged, and their relative proportions, their mechanical conditions, as wet or dry, large or small pieces, etc., the revolutions of the engine, the heat and pressure of blast, and the distribution of the charge. Of the second class are the number of pounds of air blown into the furnace for each stroke of the engine, the amount of moisture in the air, and the condition of the chimney draughts. These vary largely with the season of the year. Of the third. class is the leaking of a tuyere or a temporary stoppage. To keep a record of this kind for a whole year, it is only necessary to procure a sheet of common profile or cross section paper, about 38 inches long and 8 or 10 inches wide, with cross lines ruled about 0.1 of an inch apart. The vertical lines, or those in direction of the

Jan 1, 1878

By H. M. Morse

During the year of 1940, wildcat wells were drilled in 32 counties of Mississippi; 85 wells in all. These were scattered over the state from the most northern county to the southern counties and from the Mississippi River on the west to the Alabama line on the east. Yazoo County, with 19, received the largest number. The average depth of all the wells was 5333 ft. The shallowest well completed as a dry hole was in Yalobusha County, aban-doned at 1392 ft. in the Selma. The deepest well drilled was in Scott County, abandoned at 10,365 ft. in the Lower Cretaceous Paluxy. G. C. Grasty drilled the Kentucky Lumber Company No. I well, sec. 7, T. 10 S., R. 10 E., Itawamba County, to a depth of 3530 ft. and bottomed his hole in the Ordivician. Tinsley Oil Field.—In the Tinsley oil field 104 wells were completed as producers during 1940. Five producing sands have been logged with a total average thickness of I57 ft. of oil sand. One of these sands is in the Selma, three in the Eutaw, and one in the Tuscaloosa. Vaughan-Pickens Field.—The Vaughan-

Jan 1, 1941