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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOCAL SECTION Executive Committee SEELEY W. MUDD, Chairman C. COLCOCK JUNES, Vice-Chairman FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL, Secretary-Treasurer, 631. Higgins Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. Ralph ARNOLD A. B. CARPENTER The Second Annual Meeting of the Southern California Local Section of the American Institute of Mining Engineers was held at 300 Germain Bldg. on June 18, 1915, at 8 P.M. Present were: Messrs. C. Colcock Jones, Carpenter; Merrill, Baumgarten, Staunton, Hodges, Holland, and Durell. In the absence of the Chairman; Mr. Jones presided. The tellers appointed to canvass the vote for Section officers reported 45 ballots cast. The following gentlemen were announced as duly elected to the several. . offices: Chairman, SEELEY W. MUDD, Vice-Chairman, C. COLCOCK JONES, Secretary-Treasurer, F. J. H. MERRILL, Members of Executive Committee, RALPH ARNOLD A. B. CARPENTER

Jan 8, 1915

PUGET SOUND SECTION SIMON H. ASH, Chairman, I. F. LAUCKS, Vice-Chairman, CHARLES SIMENSTAD, Sec.-Treas., 425 Lyon Building, Seattle, Wash. GLENVILLE A. COLLINS, JOHN N. POTT. The Puget Sound Section met at the Arctic Club, Oct. 28, 1916, for the annual meeting. Those present were: Chairman Glenville A. Collins, Vice-Chairman H. L. Manley, Sec.-Treas. Amos Slater, Chester F. Lee, R. P. Tarr, G. E. Rockefeller, Simon Ash, Geo. W. Evans, Joseph Daniels, I. F. Laucks, F. C. Greene, Darsie C. Bard, Marcel Daly, Milnor Roberts, F. A. Hill, Percy E. Wright, and as guest, Mr. Coates of British Columbia. After dinner had been served, Chairman Collins called the meeting to order. The reading of the minutes of the last meeting were suspended upon request of the Secretary. The Secretary read the report from the Committee on the Associated Engineering Societies of Seattle. Upon motion, duly seconded, the report was adopted and placed on file. Mr. Lee, Chairman of the Committee. on the Mining Men's Convention to be held this coming winter, gave his report orally, and upon motion the committee was continued. The report of the Secretary-Treasurer was read, received, and placed on file.

Jan 3, 1917

NEVADA SECTION J. W. HUTCHINSON, Chairman, FRANCIS CHURCH LINCOLN, Vice-Chairman, HENRY M. RIVES, Secretary-Treasurer, Reno, Nevada W. H. BLACKBURN, E. A. JULIAN, EMMET D. BOYLE, JOHN G. KIRCHEN, FREDERICK BRADSHAW, C. B. LAKENAN, TASKER L. ODDIE. The formation of the Nevada Section was originally suggested by Professor F. C. Lincoln, who had discussed the subject with Mr. William L. Saunders when the latter was President of the Institute. Professor Lincoln sought the assistance of the Nevada Mine Operators' Association, whose Executive Committee constituted itself a Committee on Organization, and authority for the establishment of a Nevada Section to include the entire State was secured from the Board of Directors of the Institute. The formal installation took place at 10 A.M. on May 18, Mr. William L. Saunders officiating. The Honorable Emmet D.. Boyle, Governor of Nevada (and a member of the Nevada Section), made the address of welcome. On the afternoon of the same day, a technical session was held, at which the following papers were presented: History and Development of the Cyanide Process Charles Butters Virginia City Whitman Symmes Ore Deposition at Steamboat Springs Prof. J. C. Jones

Jan 7, 1916

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SECTION Executive Committee SEELEY W. MUDD, Chairman. C. COLCOCK JONES, Vice-Chairman. FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL, Secretary-Treasurer, 631 Higgins. Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. RALPH ARNOLD A. B. CARPENTER A. B. W. HODGES WILLIAM F. STAUNTON The third meeting of this winter season tool: place in a private dining room of the Sierra Madre Club in Los Angeles on Feb. 1, 1916, at 6:30 p.m., 22 members and guests being present. In the absence of the Chairman, S. W. Mudd, the Vice-Chairman, C. Colcock Jones, presided. After an enjoyable dinner the meeting was called to order, and the first paper by Ralph Arnold on Conservation of Oil and Gas in the Americas was read by the Secretary. W. F. Staunton then read an important paper on The Influence of California Oil on the Mining Industry of the West. In this he touched upon the uses of oil as a fuel for generating power, especially in connection with the Diesel engine. This paper was discussed it some length by J. F. Mitchell-Roberts, R. B. Moran, F. H. Asbury and L. D. Godshall. The Chair then introduced Robert B. Moran of the California State Mining Bureau, Deputy Supervisor of Gas and Oil, for the' Los Angeles . District, who addressed the meeting on the work of his department. The meeting concluded with A. B. Carpenter's reading of a paper on The California Gasoline Industry by W. R.. Hamilton, Manager of the Ventura Refining Co. F. J. H. MERRILL, Secretary. ,

Jan 4, 1916

COLUMBIA SECTION S. S. FOWLER, Chairman., J. C. HAAS, Vice-chairman, LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, 720 Peyton Bldg., Spokane, Wash. W. H. LINNEY. J. F. MCCARTHY. On July 15, 16, and 17, 1918, through the good offices of Secretary Stoughton, and the courtesy of War Department officials, Columbia Section was able to secure a series of moving pictures which were presented under the auspices of the Spokane Engineering and Technical Association.. The title was "The Way Out," representing the activities of individuals who had lost an arm, a leg, or both, yet whose apparent misfortunes were made the stepping stones to advancement in various human activities. The exhibitions were given at Natatorium Park in the evening, each of the three performances being attended by 1000 per-sons. Later the films were shipped to Kellogg, Idaho, where they were shown in the principal playhouse one evening to a full house. On July 31, 1918, the Columbia Section participated in the luncheon and other entertainment in honor of Alfred D. Flinn, Secretary of the Engineering Council, who made a trip through the country to meet different classes of engineers, members of the National Societies, for whom he had a message. The entertainment was under the auspices of the Spokane Engineering and Technical Association, Mr. Peter Mogensen presiding. The luncheon was held in the Elizabethan Room, Davenport Hotel, at noon, 35 engineers being present, of whom about one-third were our members.

Jan 9, 1918

SAN FRANCISCO SECTION W. H. SHOCKLEY, Chairman, PRANK H. PROBERT, Vice-Chairman, T. A. RICHARD, Sec.-Treas., 420 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. C. C. BRAYTON, J. F. NEWSOM. The San Francisco Section met on September 11 to discuss the problem of Labor in its Relation to the Mining Engineer. Mr. W. H. Shockley was in the chair. T. A. Rickard opened the discussion under four heads: The recognition of the union, the rustling-card, the sliding scale of wages, and the' contract system. He expressed his belief that collective bargaining cannot be ignored, and insisted that the mining company represented a collective bargaining of its shareholders with the men. employed in its mine. He held that the contract system was often used unfairly, but that used fairly it was the best check on labor tyranny. The rustling-card he held to be right in principle, in so far as it gave the employer the choice of employees, but he believed that it was often used in an irritating way to black-list refractory laborers. The sliding scale of wages was easy to establish in prosperous times, but it would inevitably lead to trouble when conditions went against the miner. His conclusion was that the quarrels of labor and capital were due mainly to a lack of the sense of fair play and of social justice. Albert Burch agreed with most of the foregoing, and insisted that 90 per cent. of the men were inclined to be just, but that the 10 per cent: made all the trouble. He stated that he had introduced the rustling-card in the Coeur d'Alene in 1899, as a means for getting rid of agitators. E. L. Foucar considered that labor was irresponsible. He described his experience in Peru, where the authorities promptly stopped a strike of Italian miners by threatening prompt punishment for any display of violence. Morton Webber also gave a bit of his own experience, to show that the chief trouble is that the men do not think for themselves, and are therefore easily led by fomenters of trouble. F. H. Probert described his experiences in Germany and. also in Arizona, and insisted that too often the men were not given a fair hearing. E. T. Blake argued that a manager must get the workmen's point of view, in order to control them effectively. He believed that young men who started life doing manual labor were in a better position to understand their fellow workers. George J. Young suggested that the mine owners should encourage the good men to lead the unions, and not leave the direction of the unions to the noisy element.

Jan 12, 1917

ST. LOUIS SECTION H. A. BUEHLER, Chairman, CHARLES T. ORR, Vice-Chairman., THOMAS T. BREWSTER, Vice-Chairman, L. L. HUTCHISON, Vice-Chairman, W. E. McCOURT, Secretary-Treasurer, Washington University, St. Louis. CHARLES J. ADAMI, EUGENE MCAULIFFE, A. C. TERRILL, JAMES A. CASELTON, JAMES D. ROBERTSON. The annual meeting of the St. Louis Section was held at the St. Louis Club, Saturday evening, Mar. 10, 1917. Philip N. Moore, President, and Bradley Stoughton, Secretary of the Institute, were the guests of the Section. The meeting was preceded by a dinner, at which 70 were present, and was presided over by F. W. DeWolf. Addresses were made by Mr. Moore and Mr. Stoughton. The routine reports of the officers were- presented and the Executive Committee named above was elected for the current year. The special business of the meeting was a report of progress concerning the arrangements for the Institute meeting to be held in the St. Louis Section district, Oct. 8 to 13, 1917. The general program for the meeting met with the cordial approval and cooperation of the members of the Section. It was evident that the members are united in an endeavor to arrange a successful meeting. W. E. McCOURT, Secretary.

Jan 4, 1917

By Dunbar D. Scott

The development in the perfection of mine-surveying instruments has been by no means rapid, as it has depended somewhat on the details of construction borrowed from astronomical and geodetic theodolites, largely on the restrictions laid down by mining companies and the prejudices of mine managers themselves, but more than all on the methods used in conducting surveys and the importance attached thereto. Mine-surveying, in some form or other, has been practiced from the very earliest times; but it has never kept pace with the other branches of surveying, or even with the art of mining itself, and cannot be recognized as an exact science until shortly before the beginning of this century. The works of Hero of Alexandria, who lived in the second century B.C., are still extant, and contain descriptions of a rectangular sighting-instrument, which he invented and called a diopter. His improvement upon this simple construction, which possibly he devised for use in the Greek mines for rough leveling-purposes and for laying out any angle, must be considered, says Hübner," as the origin of the highly perfected theodolite of to-day. Whether this instrument came into general use during the first centuries of the Christian era, is not recorded; in fact, no writer undertakes to tell how mine-surveying was conducted until 1556, in which year Agricola expounds the principles of mining and metallurgy in his De Re Metallica, devoting the entire fifth chapter to the practice of mine-surveying (see Fig. 1). In mediæval times those who possessed any knowledge of engineering skill made strenuous effort to keep their art a secret, partly on account of the miners' proverbial conservatism and partly for their own personal aggrandizement, and were, in

Jan 1, 1899

By Alfred W. Gauger, George A. Burrell

The senior author of this paper, while in Colorado on other official business, made a trip to the Cripple Creek gold-mining district to get more data than are at present available regarding the composition of the gas that issues from the rock into the mines of the district. This was done at the suggestion of George S. Rice, Chief Mining Engineer of the Bureau of Mines. There are -many questions of interest and importance in connection with the ventilation of the mines in the Cripple Creek district, such as the menace to life and mining of a suffocating gas entering the mines from the rock, the danger due to powder smoke (from blasting operations), and danger of continued inhalation of rock dust by the miners. This report confines itself to the first problem, the gas from the rock, and principally to one phase of this question, the composition of the gas and its effects on men and lights. A more thorough study of this and other ventilation problems is planned. That the rock gas is a real menace is shown by the fact that miners (variously estimated from 25 to 50 by different persons interviewed) have been killed by it in the 25 years that mining has been vigorously carried on at Cripple Creek. Many men have had narrow escapes from death, some of them having been incapacitated for days. In addition, much loss of time results because at certain periods of the year or on certain days it is impossible to enter some workings. At a few mines, fans force air into the workings, thus supplementing the natural ventilation and much improving conditions, but the improvement is not entirely adequate at all times. Origin of the Gas Lindgren and Ransome1 think that the gas found in the rocks of the Cripple Creek mining district represents the last exhalations of the ex-

Jan 1, 1917

OIL FLOTATION DISCUSSED BY SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SECTION . A meeting of the Section was held in the home of R. H. Norton, 335 W. 27th Street, on Mar. 10, thirty-two members and five guests being present. Vice-chairman Staunton opened the meeting with a description of an experiment he made with oil flotation, and then introduced the guest and speaker of the evening, L. C. Penhoel, of the South-western Engineering Co., who gave a very interesting and informal talk on the subject of Flotation. During the talk, as points were raised, there was a general discussion, in which valuable information was brought out. A number of examples of successful competitive, results by cyanidation and flotation in large milling plants in this country and Mexico were cited and discussed. The latter part of the meeting was devoted to a discussion of the bill introduced in the California State Senate, to license and register engineers. Mr. Ernest Strout gave a most favorable opinion of the principal of licensing mining engineers from his extensive experience in the working out of such a law on the Rand. All members who spoke were opposed to this bill as drafted but felt that the subject was of too great importance to the profession to attempt to amend the present bill in the week or two that remains, and that the passage of a bill that was so crude and inefficient for the achievement of the results desired, would harm the engineering profession. After the meeting adjourned a short time was spent in social intercourse, during which light refreshments were served. The appreciation and thanks of the Section is extended to Mr. and Mrs. R. H. Norton for their hospitality. ALVIN B. CARPENTER, Secretary-Treasurer.

Jan 5, 1919

Plans have been completed with only details to be arranged for the first Metals Branch Conference in the Northwest. The two day meeting will be held jointly with the Industrial Minerals Div. on Friday and Saturday, May 9 and 10, 1952, at the Davenport Hotel in Spokane, Wash. For, some time the metals activities in this area have been neglected. Expansion of metal producing and fabricating industries in Washington and neighboring states has brought sufficient interest to insure the success of such a meeting. A committee has been hard at work for several months. Nonferrous extractive metallurgy men will find an extensive program in the April issue of JOURNAL OF METALS. Sessions for iron and steel producers, physical metallurgists, and educators will make the Metals Branch picture complete. Metals Branch members residing in Washington, British Columbia, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nevada, and Utah, or who can be in the Northwest at this time should make plans now to attend. A Metals Branch luncheon is planned for Friday and a dinner jointly with the Industrial Minerals Div. is planned for Saturday according to F. R. Morral, metallurgist with the metallurgical research div. of Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., P. O. Box 1451, Spokane, Wash.

Jan 1, 1952

By William Colby

INCREASING governmental control of human activities seems inevitable. Within the present generation railroad rates and the public sale of water, gas and electricity have been subjected to rigid regulation. The field of control is slowly but surely being enlarged, and it is the object of this paper to outline in brief space this tendency toward increased governmental regulation, as far as mineral resources are concerned. Our, dual form of government complicates the problem. We must deal not only with the powers of the Federal Government, but also with those of the individual States. In order to approach this question intelligently we must have some conception of the powers and jurisdiction of the States and the United States, respectively, over mineral lands and mineral production. Starting with the Federal Government we find it never owned any public domain within the States that formed a part of the thirteen original colonies and, for historical reasons, the same is true of Tennessee and Texas. The Mid-Western States were erected out of the public domain which was acquired by the United States through cession from the original States or by purchase from foreign nations. Congress early in the last century adopted a policy of leasing public lands containing lead deposits in a portion of this Mid-Western territory, but later abandoned that policy and disposed of such public, lands, mineral and non-mineral, outright so that they long since have practically all passed into private ownership and become subject to the general jurisdiction of the respective State governments. In the great public domain lying west of the Mississippi River, and in portions of some of the Southern States, the Federal Government adopted a new mineral land policy following the discovery of gold in California. (Acts of Congress of 1866, 1870, and 1872.) The mineral lands within these States, instead of being disposed of on the game basis as agricultural lands, as occurred in the Mid-Western States, were segregated from agricultural lands and sold under special laws intended to encourage mining, giving the miner the free right to locate and work these mineral lands without paying any royalty to the Federal Government. A miner could also obtain at slight expense a complete

Jan 1, 1930

H. W. NICHOLS, Secretary-Treasurer, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Ill. , R. S. BONSIB, H. B. PULSIFER, . HORACE H. CLARK, H. T. WALSH. Seventy-four members of' the two organizations attended a three-day joint field meeting of the Chicago Section and the Illinois Mining Institute at La Salle, Ill., on May 17, 18 and 19. The meeting began with a technical session in the rooms of the Illinois

Jan 7, 1917

MONTANA SECTION W. C. SIDERFIN, Chairman, OSCAR ROHN, Vice-Chairman, E. B. YOUNG, Secretary-Treasurer, 526, Hennesey Building, Butte, Mont. F. W. BACORN, C. D. DEMOND. The semi-annual meeting of the Montana Section was held at the Silver Bow Club, Butte, Montana, on Friday, Nov. 16, at 8 p. m.; this was a postponement of the regular October meeting because of conflict in date with the St. Louis meeting of the Institute. An informal dinner was served to 68 members and guests. After dinner, Chairman W. C. Siderfin called the meeting to order. The minutes of the annual meeting, of Feb. 2, 1917, and the special meeting of May 21, 1917, were read and approved. C. W. Goodale led the discussion with "Notes on the St. Louis Meeting." He was followed by J. H. Warner who spoke on " The Joplin and Miami Districts," and by J. L: Bruce, Alexander Leggatt, N. B. Braly, and E. B. Young, the latter speaking on the work of the War Minerals Committee; and on the Cosden Oil Refinery at West Tuba, Okla. R. H. Sales reviewed briefly the manganese situation. E. N. Norris presented a paper on "Fire Proofing of Mine Shafts by the Anaconda Copper Mining Co." This resulted in interesting discussion by C. L. Berrien, C. E. Nighman, N. B. Braly, W. B. Daly, B. H. Dunshee, and J. J. Carrigan. C. L. Berrien and C. E. Nighman presented their papers on "Fire Extinction by Hydraulic Filling." In view of the late hour, discussion was waived. The executive committee, by unanimous consent, decided to request written discussion of the above papers to be presented at the next meeting, in February. B. B. Thayer spoke interestingly on the work of the Naval Consulting Board, and referred to the arsenic situation. Spencer Miller, also a, member of the Naval Consulting Board, entertained the-meeting with a vivid description of the method of "Coaling Battleships at Sea." Robert Sticht of Tasmania, in a short talk, spoke feelingly of his relations with the United States. At a late hour adjournment ended a most successful and interesting meeting. E. B. YOUNG, Secretary.

Jan 1, 1918

SAN FRANCISCO LOCAL SECTION Executive Committee G. HOWELL CLEVENGER, Chairman C. W. MERRILL, Pace-Chairman JAMES C. RAY, Secretary-Treasurer, 1235 Webster St., Palo Alto, Cal. F. W. BRADLEY ANDREW C. LAWSON Meets on the second Tuesday of each month Farewell Dinner to H. Foster Bain H. Foster Bain, Who has gone to London to assume the editorship of the Mining Magazine, was tendered a farewell dinner by the San Francisco Sections of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America, and the Engineers' Club, on the evening of Mar. 9, 1915, at the Hotel Bellevue, San Francisco, 85 members being present. George H. Clevenger acted as Toastmaster and the following toasts were responded to: Bain and the Mining Industry, E. H. Benjamin. Bain, the Geologist, A. C. Lawson. Bain, the Man, F. W. Bradley. Bain, the Friend, C. W. Merrill. Bain, the Schoolboy, C.. F. Tolman. The Frontispiece and Flow sheet from the souvenir program, designed by James C. Ray, Secretary of the Section, are reproduced herewith.

Jan 5, 1915

ST. LOUIS SECTION EUGENE MCAULIFFE, Chairman, J. N. HOUSER, Vice-chairman, VICTOR RAKOWSKY, Vice-chairman., H. G. WASHBURN, Vice-Chairman, W. E. MCCOURT, Sec'y-Treas., Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. H. A. BUEHLER, G. H. COx, L. C. GLENN, E. A. HOLBROOK, W. E. NEWNAM. The eighth meeting of the St. Louis Section was held at the Mercantile Club on Apr. 15, 1918. ,, The meeting was preceded by a dinner, at which 51 members and guests were present, and at which T. T. Brewster presided. Bradley Stoughton, Secretary of the Institute, and Major J. R. Fordyce were the guests of the Section. A number' of the Joplin members were obliged to leave before the close of the dinner, in order to make train connections. The Vice, chairman, therefore, called on Victor Rakowsky, who brought a message of greeting from the Southwest district. At the close of the dinner, the Vice-chairman, T. T. Brewster, introduced Bradley Stoughton, who talked on various subjects of interest to members of the Institute, especially the affiliation of local sections with those of other national engineering societies. The minutes of previous meetings were read and approved-and-the Treasurer presented a financial report covering the previous year.

Jan 6, 1918

BOSTON. SECTION W. E. C. EUSTIS, Chairman, H. L. AGASSIZ, Vice-Chairman., E. E. BUGBEE, Secretary-Treasurer, Mass. Inst. of Technology, Boston, Mass. ALBERT SAUVEUR, H. L. SMYTH. The 37th meeting of the Boston Section was held at the Engineers' Club, on Monday evening, Oct. 2, 1916. Fourteen members and guests attended the dinner. The Society was fortunate in having present not only the announced speaker, J. G. Carleton of Marblehead, Mass., but also a brother member from afar, Thomas Warner of California. Mr. Carleton, who has spent the' past few years in South America, gave an informal talk on the mining of the precious metals on the South American continent. He drew a comparison of the geographical distribution of the precious metals in North and South America and pointed, out the similarity in the geological occurrence of the eastern mining, regions, mentioning particularly Venezuela and Brazil. He also directed attention to the fact that the great placers of the northwestern part of North America had their counterpart in the gold-bearing region of Columbia. The marked contrast between the southern end of North America, so rich in metals, and the southern part of South America, so poor in mineral deposits, was clearly brought out. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the South American Cordillera is less intensely mineralized, than the corresponding mountain.

Jan 1, 1917

COLORADO LOCAL SECTION Executive Committee CHARLES A. CHASE, Chairman S. A. IONIDES, Vice-Chairman C. LORIMER COLBURN, Secretary-Treasure, 614 Ideal Bldg., Denver, Colo. F. H. BOSTWICK, W. G. SWART. The annual meeting of the Colorado Local Section of the Institute was held at the Savoy Hotel, Denver, Jan. 15.- The Chairman, Frank Bulkley, presided and made a short address on the work of the Section. The following officers were elected:

Jan 3, 1915

Expect Labrador Iron Ore Shipments by 1954 Iron ore shipments from the Quebec-Labrador area are a "definite expectation" by late summer, 1954, according to William H. Durrell, general manager of the Iron Ore Company of Canada. About $120 million have been invested in the project, with a total of $200 million expected to be reached before a ton of ore is shipped, Mr. Durrell said. According to the general manager approximately 418 million tons of open pit highgrade ore have been proven in the project. Deposits lie several hundred miles north of the mouth of the St. Lawrence River in territory which was without transportation of any kind. Construction of a railroad from Seven Islands to Knob Lake, about 360 miles, is an important part of the development plan. The railroad will be the first to adopt complete roller bearing applications. Construction is on schedule with 215 miles of the route graded. Completion involves two tunnels through rock, one of almost half mile length, a 700-ft bridge and several smaller spans.

Jan 3, 1953

Committee of Arrangement E. P. MATHEWSON, Chairman. FRANK M. SMITH, Vice- Chairman D. C. BARD, Secretary, Montana State School of Mines, Butte, Mont. OSCAR ROHN, JAMES L. BRUCE. On Aug. 20, 1913, the following 30 members of the Institute residing in Montana made written application to the Board of Directors of the Institute for authority to establish a local section of the Institute to be called the Montana Section, with headquarters at Butte, and having such territory as may, later be determined on. This petition was granted by the Board at its meeting in Butte, Mont., Aug. 20, 1913. The committee named at the head of this paragraph was appointed to' arrange for permanent organization of this section.

Jan 9, 1913