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LIST OF MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES ARRANGED ACCORDING TO STATES AND TOWNS ALABAMA Aldrich, Aldrich, W F Anniston, Noble, A E, Smith, N B Aibacoche, Bradley, D II Bessemer, Fergusson, V Birmingham, Aldrich, T H, Aldrich, T H, Jr, Bowron, J, Bowron, C E, Davis, F H, Dimmick, F D, Hillman, McCarthy, M E , McCormack, McCrery, Ramsay, E, Shook, A M Bridge¬port, Wheeler, S K Ensley, McDonald, S, Shook, J W Fanbanks, Hamil¬ton, A L Helena, Squire, J Huntsville, Moss Lehigh, Toulmin Oxmoor, Green¬amyer, A G Plasma, Gage Rock Run, Garvin Sheffileld, Miller, D I Tuscaloesa, Lodge, J University, McCalley Woodward, Bukofzer, Woodward, A H ALASKA Dawson, Buck Douglas Island, Corbus, J P , Macdonald, J Hames, Le Wald, E A Jualin, Hoggatt, W B Juneau, Denby, Gaifield, Garside, Hamp¬ton, W H Rodman Bay, Phillpots Snettisham, Tisdale Sumdum, Thane Tel¬ler, Hirshberg, M R Treadwell City, Batcheller, J H , Kinzie Valdez, Esterly, G M Yukon, Dawson, Elmer, J M ARIZONA Bisbee, Clark, G C, Coombs, H L , Douglas, W, Hoatson, Parnall, S A, Pelton, R T, Ricketts, L D, Sherman, G F G, Smith, F W, Smith, H A Black Diamond, Bagge Blanchard, Cummins, Murray, J J Casa Grande, Rich¬mond, A B Clifton, Colquhoun, Grabill, Murray, H T , Plater, Smith, J D A, Veitch, Watson, W S Congress, Goodloe Crown King, Alexander, G E Douglas, Cornell, Kraemer, E L, Lee, G B, Rutherford, F Globe, Berray, Hoar, Snell Harrisburg, Smith, F C Jerome, Clark, W A, Thomas, C A Kingman, Treadwell, Wallace, J P Kirkland, Bretherton, G K Kofa, Lamp¬shire, J O , Pomeroy, H G Mayer, Haggott, E A Metca j, Blumenkranz, M , Forbes, D L H Morenca, Clark, C D, Fleming, J B, Honey man, Mills, C E, Wallace, L R Morristown, Stevens, H W Nogales, Glove, H G, Sandoval, A , Sandoval, P Octave, Rose, G W Phoenix, Armstrong, T , Butler, C E, Defty, Lindsay, L Prescott, Blauvelt, H , Bunker, C E, Claypool, W M , Drescher, F M , Fairbank, Nissen Tombstone, Gage, Poindexter, C L , Staunton, Walker, E W Troy, Cutting Tucson, Blake, W P, Burgess, De Lashmutt, I, McCleary, Mann, Prout, J W , Jr ARKANSAS Fayetteville, Purdue Fort Smith, Bache, F , Denman, H Little Rock, Fordyce, Scholz CALIFORNIA Alameda, Arents, King, L Arnador City, Downs, Tregloan Angeles Camp, Dig¬gles, R N , Kenney, C E Antioch, Belshaw Auburn, Coe, I J Ballarat, Thorns Berkeley, Abadie,, Christy, Dozier, Hall, F F , Hersam, Landfield, Lind¬say, L , Mansfield, N T, Morley, W S , Sharwood, W J Bag Oak Flat, Dron Bodae, Hamilton, W R, Hoover, T, Hoover, T J, Jackson, B L , Nutter , E, H Bullion, Power, H T Callahan, Scott, E H Campo Seco, Baird Cartero,

Jan 1, 1910

By John T. Awald

The Bradshaw Mountains of west-central Arizona cover an area of 1600 square miles and contain numerous old mines and prospects. The area has been geochemically sampled on a reconnaissance basis to relate mineralized areas to regional structure and rock types. Copper analyses of stream sediments have been classified and contoured to show the distribution of low and high backgrounds and low, intermediate, and highly anomalous areas. Contoured results are compared to geology and known mines. Several prospecting areas are indicated.

Jan 1, 1972

By John C. Branner

Shales rich in oil are found at several places along the coast of Brazil. The material has been prospected at several places, and samples have been examined and reported upon by competent authorities. So far as I am acquainted with them, these oil-bearing beds are of Tertiary age. A glimpse at the distribution and character of the Tertiary rocks of the region should give us some idea of the possible distribution of these oil-bearing shales. Tertiary rocks skirt the northeast coast of Brazil from the northern part of the State of Espirito Santo almost or quite to the Amazon valley. Here and there this narrow strip is cut in two by the encroachment of the sea, and the underlying gneisses, granites or other crystalline rocks are exposed upon the beach. In other places, the Tertiary belt widens out until it is 80 kilometers or more in width. Fig. 1 is a sketch-map of a part of the coast-area referred to. Along the coast from Prado, in the State of Bahia, northward to Natal, there is a line of bluffs from 15 to 90 meters high, interrupted here and there by stream-valleys. As seen from the sea, these bluffs are rather conspicuous and highly colored yellow, brown, red, white, black, and purple. These colors are often so mingled as to give the beds a mottled or parti-colored appearance. Fig. 2 shows a characteristic bit of the coast in the State of Parahyba do Norte. In some places, especially in the southern part of the State of Sergipe, and in the northern part of Rio Grande do Norte, the immediate coast is covered with sand-dunes. Here and there these sanddunes have been carried inland over the top of the Tertiary beds, and the subsequent encroachment of the sea has exposed the Tertiary rocks again, where they form the bases of the bluffs. This is well shown in Fig. 3, from a photograph taken at Bahia Formosa, on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte.

Jan 1, 1901

By R. M. Schuller, J. J. Suloway, W. F. Childers, R. A. Griffin, S. J. Russell

Seven solid wastes from coal conversion processes were characterized chemically and mineralogically. The wastes included three Lurgi gasification ashes, two liquefaction residues (SRC and H-coal), a fly ash, and a water-quenched slag. Leachates generated from the solid wastes at various pH levels over the range 2.5 to 11.0 were analyzed for over 40 constituents. Results of the leachate analyses demonstrate the wide variation in constituent solubility for the solid wastes. To help assess the environmental impact of the disposal of these wastes, the leachates were also employed in soil attenuation studies and acute 96-hr static bioassays using young fathead minnows.

Jan 1, 1981

By Lawrence Addicks

One of the properties of copper, which has done much to give it its present prominent place among the useful metals, is its electrical conductivity,—a property which has now become the chief criterion of the value of the commerical product. In pursuance of that distinctively American principle that, " the best is none too good," metal of the highest conductivity is usually called for even when such extreme purity is of no advantage ; for instance, in the making of brass and other alloys. The average brass-founder feels nervous unless his copper is so very pure that it shows a conductivity of 99 or 100 per cent., while the character of the zinc used is usually overlooked in hi s anxiety. Electrolytic refining has made it possible to produce copper

Jan 1, 1906

By L. J. Lorig, B. H. G. Brady

The Discrete Element Method is a numerical technique suitable for use in modeling the discontinuum behavior of jointed rock. The disadvantage of this method, in its application to analysis of underground excavations, is the necessity to discretize the complete problem domain. Since the far-field rock responds to the excavation as an elastic continuum, it may be appropriately represented by the Boundary Element Method. This exploits the inherent advantage of the Boundary Element Method in representing a quasi-infinite domain in terms of its internal surface geometry and associated boundary conditions. The procedures employed in developing a first-generation coupled Discrete Element-Boundary Element algorithm are described and the solution to a simple problem verifying the performance of the coupled code is presented. A procedure for numerical treatment of installed support systems is also presented.

Jan 1, 1982

By Charles M. Rolker

The mining industry of Colorado received a powerful impetus from the enterprising railroad builders who, rating highly—perhaps, in some instances, too highly,—the natural resources and favorable conditions of the State for the production of the precious metals and lead, covered it, in advance of any thorough general development of these resources, with a network of railroads. At that time, everything was viewed couleur de rose; population was gaining rapidly, and much more in the way of productivity was expected of certain districts than was subsequently realized. It is, therefore, not quite fair to judge of the wisdom of constructing some of the branches of the Colorado railroad system from the standpoint of later experience. With the building of railroads, a demand sprang up for iron and

Jan 1, 1886

By Jacob T. Wainwright

The object of this paper is to describe some efforts and observations by the writer relating to this subject. Althongh the usual type of' blast-furnace is a most efficient device for smelting and melting purposes, it is not suitable for utilizing the cheaper grades of fuel, such as coal-slack and certain gaseous fuels. This problem not only involves the consideration of the furnace as a suitable apparatus, but also embraces the consideration of the chemical and calorific properties of the proposed fuel. In the hearth of the ordinary blast-furnace an extremely high temperature is maintained. This extreme temperature is due to the complete combustion of the fuel in the hearth, and before the gases reach the zone of fusion their temperature is reduced, by the absorption of carbon, 2300 degrees Fat). In a smelting-furnace, the maintenance of this extreme temperature at the hearth becomes useless when it can be reduced without

Jan 1, 1889

By Richard L. Coleman

Metallurgical testwork to develop a flowsheet is described, beginning with background information required right through to a final process flowsheet. Both laboratory and pilot plant testing are reviewed with emphasis on the former.

Jan 1, 1978

By T. M. Anderson

From the start of production in 1915 until 1948, underground block caving operations accounted for all of the ore production of Inspiration Consolidated Copper Co. Open pit development work began in 1947, and ore production from the open pit commenced in March 1948. Thus began the transition from underground to open pit mining which continued until August 1954. Since then, open pit mining has accounted for all ore production which presently averages 105,000 tons of ore and 75,000 tons of waste rock each week. Open pit mining operations at Inspiration is carried on in two separate pits-the Live Oak Pit and the Thornton Pit. The Live Oak Pit covers an area of approximately 1500x3000 ft and the Thornton Pit, 2500x2000 ft. The geographic centers of the two pits are 4000 ft apart and, at their nearest point, the surface slopes are 500 ft apart.

Jan 1, 1961

By Eugene P. Pfleider

RECENT interest in germanium centers around its use as a semi-conductor of electricity in electronic devices. It is generally believed that germanium transistors, diodes, triodes, photocells, and rectifiers will largely replace the present-day vacuum tubes. The germanium electronic devices are much smaller, lighter, and more resistant to shock, and they require only a small fraction of current required for conventional devices. Hence only a small amount of heat is given off by the equipment. This development will require many times the quantity of germanium now being produced, which in 1948 was approximately 1000 lb' and was obtained almost entirely from zinc ores in Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. No one knows with certainty what the demand will be for ger-manium by 1956. It may be 40,000 lb.1 Known concentrations in zinc ores are not sufficient to

Jan 1, 1954

By J. I. Budnick, W. B. Ittner III, D. P. Seraphim

A reliable technique has been developed for producing single crystals of tantalum in the form of small diameter wires. By suitably heat treating these and polycrystal samples, first in an oxygen atmosphere and finally in vacuum, it has been found possible to reduce residual resistivities to 10-3 microhm-cm. The purity of these samples is thus comparable to the purities obtained in zone-refined silver, copper, and aluminum. THE growth and purification of pure single crystals of the transition metals is, in general, difficult. The high melting and annealing temperatures of these metals make it necessary to employ rather special techniques in any crystallization process. In addition, the transition metals show a great affinity for and are easily contaminated by nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. Recently, however. a number of investigators have been successful in growing,

Jan 1, 1961

. S. W. PARR, * Urbana, Ill. (written discussion ? ).-Multiplication of argument is unnecessary to establish the desirability of coking coals at low temperatures, that is to say, below 1200° F. The value of the semi-coke thus produced would doubtless go far toward solving the problem of smoke prevention, and suggests the possibility of the substitution of a smokeless fuel for anthracite and so-called smokeless coals. Whether such coke would have any value as metallurgical coke is a question which cannot be answered for lack of any experimental data in the use of such material. Of course interest is accentuated, at the present time, in the amount and character of the tars, which promise greatly to exceed in values the products obtainable from. the high-temperature process. The difficulties encountered in adapting the principles of low-temperature carbonization to industrial methods are well nigh insurmountable. Briefly stated, there is involved the heating of the center of a mass of non-conducting material by the external application of heat. It is a well established fact that the center of the mass of coal in a standard

Jan 11, 1918

By Leonard C. Grimshaw

Diffusion of carbon from gases into iron has been the object of much research, because of its long recognized importance in carburizing processes, but the direct diffusion of carbon from steel into iron has received relatively little attention. Because of the increasing use of clad metals in industry, direct diffusion from steel into iron is becoming of practical importance. Therefore, the object of this investigation was to study the diffusion of carbon from several different kinds of steel directly into relatively pure iron, realizing that elements in the steels other than carbon might influence the rate of carbon diffusion. The previous work on diffusion of carbon into iron has been considerable, and includes many reports in foreign languages. This work has recently been well reviewed by Mehll and Krynitsky12 and the reader is referred to their excellent bibliographies. Methods of Study There are two main methods by which the direct diffusion of carbon from steel into iron may be studied. In one method, steel is first decar-burized in part, and diffusion of carbon then allowed to take place from the steel into the decarburized steel. This method is open to two serious objections: (1) the decarburized steel is not iron, but contains elements such as manganese, silicon, chromium or tungsten, which may be an essential part of the steel under study, and which may seriously influence the diffusion of carbon into the decarburized area; (2) there is from the start of diffusion an unknown carbon-concentration gradient between the steel and the decarburized area. Another method, which possesses neither of these disadvantages, is to study diffusion from steel into a thick plating of electrolytic iron. Herc the chief difficulty is to secure an electrolytic deposit of iron upon steel without introducing an oxide film at the interface that will interfere with diffusion. The author is able to deposit iron upon any kind of steel without introducing an oxide film at the interface, so that diffusion of elements from the steel into the iron is free to proceed unhindered.

Jan 1, 1938

By Leonard C. Grimshaw

Diffusion of carbon from gases into iron has been the object of much research, because of its long recognized importance in carburizing processes, but the direct diffusion of carbon from steel into iron has received relatively little attention. Because of the increasing use of clad metals in industry, direct diffusion from steel into iron is becoming of practical importance. Therefore, the object of this investigation was to study the diffusion of carbon from several different kinds of steel directly into relatively pure iron, realizing that elements in the steels other than carbon might influence the rate of carbon diffusion. The previous work on diffusion of carbon into iron has been considerable, and includes many reports in foreign languages. This work has recently been well reviewed by Mehll and Krynitsky12 and the reader is referred to their excellent bibliographies. Methods of Study There are two main methods by which the direct diffusion of carbon from steel into iron may be studied. In one method, steel is first decar-burized in part, and diffusion of carbon then allowed to take place from the steel into the decarburized steel. This method is open to two serious objections: (1) the decarburized steel is not iron, but contains elements such as manganese, silicon, chromium or tungsten, which may be an essential part of the steel under study, and which may seriously influence the diffusion of carbon into the decarburized area; (2) there is from the start of diffusion an unknown carbon-concentration gradient between the steel and the decarburized area. Another method, which possesses neither of these disadvantages, is to study diffusion from steel into a thick plating of electrolytic iron. Herc the chief difficulty is to secure an electrolytic deposit of iron upon steel without introducing an oxide film at the interface that will interfere with diffusion. The author is able to deposit iron upon any kind of steel without introducing an oxide film at the interface, so that diffusion of elements from the steel into the iron is free to proceed unhindered.

Jan 1, 1938

By John Birkinbine

The press, trade publications, and special circulars, some elaborately illustrated, have been liberally employed within recent years in this country, to set forth the advantages of various locations as industrial centers, having as a basis the possibility of profitably producing pig-iron at these proposed centers: and special stress has been placed upon opportunities believed to exist at certain points for making iron of a quality suitable for the manufacture of Bessemer steel. The remarkable statements and prophecies made in some of these publications, have suggested the present paper, treating of the influence which location exerts upon the special industries named.

Jan 1, 1893

By Henry Howe

FIG. 1 shows a volute aging break which developed spontaneously in a hardened and tempered steel helmet between 19 and 38 days after it had been tested ballistically. A similar break, shown in Fig. 2, developed spontaneously in a similar helmet about 40 days after the ballistic testing. In this case the rupture occurred abruptly and with a loud report. The path of rupture in this second case, though much the less regular, is the more interesting of the FIG. 1. FIG. 2. two, in that it is an approximation to two parallel volutes centered at the point of impact of the projectile, just below D. Several weeks later, after the photograph for Fig. 1 was taken, a similar doubling of the volute crack occurred in this helmet, starting from the end of the eyelash crack near A and spreading thence to the left contra-clockwise for about ½ in. The negatives from which these pictures are made have not been touched up in any way, save writing the letters on them. In both cases the trajectory of the bullet was normal to the initial surface at the point of impact, and in both the helmet passed the ballistic

Jan 2, 1919

THE ladle is a small hearth made on a cage of iron bars like a bird-cage, and has a handle so that it can easily be taken from the forge and carried wherever desired. It is a common device and is much used among masters for small castings, but with a large weight you would have difficulty in lifting it by hand even though you were aided by levers and winches. If you should indeed do it, it would be just as if you had lifted the aforesaid hearth by force, and this would be unwise if you could do anything less difficult. A forge is likewise made for this, with a good pair of large bellows that are well covered with cloth. When the small hearth has been made with good clay, baked, and well covered with ashes, it is placed in front of the mouth [of the bellows] and a crown of two or three brick ends is built around it on top of the rim so that the charcoal may be held better and in greater quantity. Then, having lit the fire and heated the ladle and the charcoal, the pieces of material that you wish to melt are gradually put on

Jan 1, 1942

Jan 1, 1942

Jan 1, 1942