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By D. W. Euler, D. G. Brophey

"In an attempt to address the issue of rising labour costs, and to improve productivity, a laser-based system to guide underground LHDs and trucks has been developed. This comprehensive system is known as the Opti-Trak system.Essentially, the vehicle is equipped with front and rear-mounted lasers which scan a reference strip mounted on the drift back. The vehicle follows this reference strip and in addition, based on reflective bar codes mounted beside the reference strip, initiates certain functions (i.e. dump cycle, speed change, brake check, etc.). Any programming that is drift-specific is handled by the positioning of the reference strips and bar codes. Consequently, the vehicle can easily travel to many different haulageways or branches, providing the reference strip and bar codes are in place.The advantages of this system are an immediate elimination of haulage operator costs and an increase in available hauling time to 7 hours out of an 8-hour shift as compared to the typical 5Y2 out of 8 hours that a manned haulage system offers.This paper describes the Opti-Trak system and the benefits to be realized from automation of mine haulage requirements."

Jan 1, 1994

By B. L. Gibbs

The mining industry is constantly in a state of flux -boom or bust; mine openings and closings. Part of the reason is the nature of ore deposits -they are there or they are not. Once they are mined, they are reclaimed and the move is on to the next deposit. Risks are usually high, and payoffs can be great or not so great. Many factors go into making a property payoff, and mining companies are continually searching for ways to remain profitable as long as possible. Computers and the people who can make them work are one of the ways available to improve productivity and ensure this happens. Computers have been used in the mining industry for the last 30 years (and more in a few cases). During the past 10 years, the explosion of micro-computing has changed how many mining companies do their work.

Jan 1, 1993

For 11 years, under authorization of the Synthetic Liquid Fuels Act of April 5, 1944 (30 U.S.C. 321-325), and amendments, the Bureau of Mines has carried on an extensive research and development program to establish methods for producing oil from coal and from oil shale. This act was passed by the 78th Congress primarily because of the stress of wartime demands for liquid fuels to supply our armed forces during World War II. The act was progressively extended by the 80th and 81st Congresses, as later peace-time demand for oil and oil products continued to increase.

Jan 1, 1956

By Swapan Ghosh, Amitava Sengupta, Proloy Das

Ferro-alloys are very important ingredients used for making of quality steel with desired composition. In view of high demand in various types of ferro-alloys, it has become necessary to produce the same efficiently, safely and cost-effectively with consistent quality maintaining the anti-pollution norms. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to adopt latest process/equipment with the state-of-the-art instrumentation and automation system. A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based automation system with suitable Human Machine Interface(HMI) terminals along with intelligent field mounted sensing/control devices allows to monitor and control the complete plant effectively with optimum deployment of man-power. In association with this, use of process optimization controllers enables to achieve specialised functionalities of the submerged arc furnaces like material management, lining management, electrode management, power management, overall production management etc.

Jan 1, 2007

Unrelieved residual strains can influence the states of stress in rock masses. If cheap, stable structures are to be constructed in Tock in which large pressures are exterted by unrelieved residual strains, the pressures must be either utilized or neutralized. A photoelastic technique has been used to show that the release of residual strains in rocks is influenced by the mechanical properties of anisotropic rock fabrics. The relationships between directions of residual strain release and the attitudes of minor geological structures have been determined. For engineering design purposes it is possible to estimate the principal stress directions in rock containing unrelieved residual strains if the attitudes of such minor geological structures as foliation planes, lineations, and joints are known.INTRODUCTIONQuarry workers have long been aware that near-surface rocks may be highly stressed. In many cases the stresses are too large to be the result of gravitational loads. Dale (1923, pp. 34-35) gives many instances of deformation produced by the violent release of residual strains in quarry rocks. Coates (1963) has described powerful rock bursts and cases of rock deformation underground implying the existence of much larger stresses than are likely to result from present-day gravitational loads. The only explanation is that pressures of up to several thousands of pounds per square inch may be caused by unrelieved residual strains in rock.Instruments have been developed for measuring states of stress in rock masses. Most stress determinations in rock have been made on the assumption that rock behaves as a simple elastic material. It is now known that rock is a...

Jan 1, 1964

By W. N. Hoskins

This report covers the final results of a two-phase contract study conducted between July 1974 and October 1976. A comprehensive summary of the initial phase of the study is included. Phase I of the study involved the investigation and evaluation of all potential candidate underground systems for mining the deeper deposits of oil shale and associated minerals in the Piceance Creek basin of northwestern Colorado. Phase II called for the refinement and the detailed technical and economic analysis of the most promising system or systems, thus disclosed. Of the several systems initially investigated and evaluated, four Showed considerable merit for exploiting the deeper deposits: (1) chamber and pillar mining with spent shale backfill, (2) sublevel stoping with spent shale backfill, (3) sublevel stoping with full subsidence, and (4) block caving mining using LHD's. Final refinement and analysis of these four systems indicated their technical feasibility over at least part of the range of conditions expected in the deeper deposits. Their economic feasibility also was indicated under certain operating and market conditions. A variety of engineering, production, and cost information is provided on each of these systems.

Jan 1, 1976

By J. Douglas Causey

In 1984, at the request of Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Bureau of Mines studied the 13,730-acre Burnt Lodge (MT-065-278) Wilderness Study Area (WSA) in order to evaluate the mineral resources. The WSA is located in Phillips and Valley Counties, MT, about 55 miles south of Malta adjoining the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge. It is underlain by near horizontal sedimentary beds of the Hell Creek Formation, Fox Hills Sandstone, and Bearpaw Shale. No mines or prospects were found in the WSA. Bentonitic beds were examined, but are generally less than 1 ft thick and, except where exposed, are deeply buried. Kaolin-bearing sandstone in the Colgate Member of the Foxhills Sandstone was sampled and may have potential for use in structural clay products. However, remoteness and inaccessibility of the area make it unlikely that the material could be economically extracted even though some of the material is marginally useful.

Jan 1, 1985

By F. Habashi

Siberia, a vast country rich in mineral resources and a large number of different ethnic groups. To the east of Lake Baikal is Buryatia with capital Ulan Ude. The Buryat are closely related to the Mongolians. Ulan Ude is connected to Ulaan Baatar (Ulan Bator) the capital of Mongolia by train – a 26 hours trip. Getting a visa to Russia is not a simple case. Visits to metallurgical research laboratories, Lake Baikal, and historical museums are enriching experience.

Jan 1, 2006

By Jean-Pierre Côté, Alexandre Noiseux

"Hatch and ArcelorMittal Mines Canada have combined their expertise to develop a dynamic model of the latter’s Iron Ore Pellet Plant in Quebec, Canada. This model was used to predict the benefits of different expansion projects, as well as asses the best implementation sequence.Two modelling tools were used: a discrete-event simulation software used to develop the dynamic model of the Pellet Plant and an in-house process simulator. The latter was based on operational data and known behavior of the process, and was calibrated with historical data gathered under different operating conditions.The results of the process simulator were used as input values for the dynamic model, which included all of the operation steps of the pelletizing process, from concentrate beneficiation to baking of the pellets. The model has been validated by assessing its capacity to represent adequately the operation of the plant during a 20-month operating period. It was able to reproduce the plant capacity within a precision of 1.2%.Simulated “what-if” scenarios allowed quantifying the production increase associated with the addition of new equipment such as ball mills or balling discs, implemented individually or in combination. Results revealed a potential 10% increase in the annual plant production by adding additional equipment in the two most limiting sectors of the plant, grinding and agglomeration. The simulation results made it possible to quantify the synergistic effect of two projects on plant throughput; the model showed that the combination of two projects resulted in a greater production increase than the sum of the same projects evaluated individually.Now that it has proven reliable, the simulation tool can readily be used by ArcelorMittal Mines Canada process engineers to perform simulations for equipment optimization, and to evaluate the impact of various operating parameters such as equipment availability and tonnage, product mix or concentrate quality. This work showed that a reliable model can be developed based on known parameters in combination with the proper integration of the process knowledge."

Jan 1, 2010

By Chas. F. Jackson

This bulletin is one of a series of Bureau of Mines reports dealing with mining methods, practices, and costs. A study of this subject was undertaken by the Bureau in cooperation with a large number of mining companies in 1928. This study continued for 5 years, during which engineers of the Mining Division of the Bureau visited most of the larger mines and many smaller ones in the United States, as well as several mines in Canada and Mexico. As a result of this study, 75 reports dealing with underground mining methods and costs at different mines were published as information circulars. Circulars also were issued on 6 open-pit mines and 2 gold-dredging operations. These circulars were written by the managers, superintendents, and engineers in charge of the operations, in some instances in collaboration with Bureau engineers. They were prepared according to a standard outline drawn up by the Bureau to obtain uniformity in textual treatment and in the arrangement and basis of setting up cost and operating data.

Jan 1, 1936

By Scott Thayer, Michael Murphy, Natalie Cope, Gabriel Esterhuizen, Anthony Iannacchione, Tim Miller, Brent Slaker

"The Subtropolis room-and-pillar mine extracts the Vanport Limestone (Allegheny Formation, Pennsylvanian System) near Petersburg, Ohio. Strata instability problems associated with excessive concentrations of lateral stress caused the mine operator to implement a change in layout design. This mining method has been identified as a stress control layout, which has been used by other underground stone mines in the past with varying degrees of success. Practical experience has shown that entry headings advance in the direction of the principal lateral stress, producing lower stress concentrations with better mining conditions. It is important to minimize stress concentrations along the mining front, so an arrow-shaped advance is recommended. This technique advances more developments (headings) in a “good” direction and reduces developments (crosscuts) in a “bad” direction. As is expected, the stress control layout enhances the potential for shear failures in crosscuts. It is, therefore, important to focus crosscut engineering interventions that either: (a) lower stress concentrations (for example, an arched roof) or (b) enhance strength of the strata containing the shears (for example, rock reinforcement). This study focuses on observing strata conditions on a regular basis and monitoring the response of this strata to changing geologic and mining conditions through 3D Dynamic LiDAR scans.INTRODUCTIONProject AimsThe Subtropolis Mine is extracting the Vanport Limestone in northeastern Ohio. Since the start of mining in 2006, ground conditions have been significantly affected by excessive lateral stress condition. In some other mining districts with this hazard, certain mine layouts have been shown to lessen the potential for unstable ground conditions. The term “lessen” is used to state the realization that stress concentrations are not eliminated but instead occur in less frequency and intensity, and their locations can be projected.The stress-control mine layout, specifically for large-opening room-and-pillar stone mines, naturally evolved at mines suffering from excessive lateral stress problems. These mines will typically experiment with methods to mitigate adverse impacts, thus developing best practices for their conditions. These practices have evolved into a basic framework for the stress control mine layout. For example, Jack Parker was able to write about personal experiences at the White Pine Mine in Michigan (Parker, 1966, 1973). Various researchers at the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM), the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have studied the effectiveness of stress-control mine layouts over a wide range of geologic conditions (Emery, 1964; Mark and Mucho, 1994; Iannacchione et al., 2003). While the stress control layout design approach has proven successful in many categories, it can be difficult to implement. For example, excessive stress conditions in crosscuts can put the ground control focused intervention at odds with ventilation and haulage constraints, thus limiting optimal crosscut size, shape, and location. Therefore, more information on the effectiveness of this approach is needed."

Jan 1, 2019

By Dave Bulled, Chris Bennett, Glenn Kosick, Glenn Dobby

"Mining companies around the world are embracing geometallurgical modeling at a rapid rate, as senior executives realize that inputs must be properly measured if the output is to be managed effectively. Geometallurgical modeling is used to scientifically manage risk in project evaluation, for plant design and production forecasting, and optimization of production planning and mineral processing/metallurgical unit operations. The technology also provides a solid foundation for implementing broad corporate strategies with respect to intelligent asset utilization and metal sales. Over the past five years, MinnovEX Technologies Inc. has been actively engaged in developing, promoting and applying geometallurgical modeling technology for major mining companies around the world. This paper describes the methodology for successfully applying the technology for the unit operations of comminution and flotation in the mining industry.INTRODUCTIONGeometallurgical modeling (referred hereon as geomet modeling), in theory, can be applied to its full potential on all unit operations in mineral processing; however, this paper will concentrate on two of the largest unit operations, namely comminution and flotation, where the technology is actually being practiced by many large mining companies. For concept studies and prefeasibility studies, aspects of geometallurgical technology are regularly applied but in a less rigorous manner than for final feasibility studies where justification for funds is sought. This paper will focus on the final feasibility stage of a project and on existing operations or planned expansions, where the full power of geometallurgical technology is brought to bear in a cost effective manner.One of the unique aspects of geomet modeling, when used to its potential, is the ability to design plants, and forecast and plan production with a quantifiable degree of precision, something that was unattainable in the past. This means that when new comminution and flotation plants are designed, the mining companies and financial institutions involved in the project can measure the precision of the design and therefore better understand and manage project risk. It means that for existing and new operations, metal sales personnel can carry out their sales strategies with a much better understanding of the degree of error associated with production forecasts of concentrate/metal and quality of concentrates. For mine and mill managers, geomet modeling allows the effect of the mine plan on the downstream processes to be quantified; thereby allowing the mine plan to be recast in a more optimized manner. Finally, existing concentrator personnel can optimize their unit operations based on a more definitive understanding"

Jan 1, 2004

By W. H. Ode

Because trade increased among various nations after World War II, the Coal Committee of the Economic Commission for Europe established a Classification Working Party in 1949 to develop an International system for classifying coal. Although national classification systems existed, they had been developed in accordance with characteristics of domestic coals without reference to coals of other countries. Terms for describing similar or identical coals differed in each nation. This caused confusion in evaluating coals shipped in international trade and also hampered exchange of technical information on problems of coal utilization. Experts4/ participating in the classification project early in their work agreed that two systems should be formulated, one for the higher rank coals or so-called "hard" coals in European terminology and the other one for the lower rank coals, the latter designated mainly as brown coals and lignites in the various countries. Rank refers to the degree of metamorphism (progressive alteration) in the natural coalification series from lignite and brown coal to anthracite. The system for classification of hard coals was published late in 1956 as a document of the United Nations.5/ Results of a study for applying this system to American coals were published in 1958.6/

Jan 1, 1960

By B. Haugrud, E. McConaghy, M. Collins, G. Smith

"Laterite ore processed by the Ambatovy joint venture in Madagascar is primarily limonitic in nature, containing approximately 40–45 wt.% Fe and 1.1 wt.% Ni. The process selected for treatment of this ore considered the behaviour and deportment of iron in each step of the commercial flowsheet. Such considerations included nickel and cobalt recoveries, reagent consumptions, liquid-solid separation characteristics, and intermediate and final product purities. In this paper, the results for the first three years of commercial operation at Ambatovy are compared with the design parameters, with emphasis on the behaviour of iron.RÉSUMÉ Le minerai latéritique traité par l’entreprise commune Ambatovy au Madagascar contient principalement de la limonite, composée de 40–45 % en poids (wt%) de fer (Fe) et de 1,1 wt% de nickel (Ni). Le procédé choisi pour le traitement de ce minerai tenait compte du comportement et du maintien du fer à chaque étape du schéma de traitement commercial. Parmi les facteurs pris en compte figuraient les récupérations de nickel et de cobalt, les consommations d’agents réactifs, les caractéristiques de séparation des liquides-solides ainsi que la pureté des produits semi-fini et final. Cet article compare les résultats des trois premières années d’exploitation commerciale à Ambatovy aux paramètres d’étude, en insistant notamment sur le comportement du fer.INTRODUCTIONThe main component of nickeliferous laterite ore is iron, and the Ambatovy deposit in Madagascar is no exception. Ambatovy ore is primarily limonitic in nature, containing approximately 40–45 wt.% Fe and 1.1 wt.% Ni. The nickel content of the ore is approximately 1/40th that of the iron content by weight; therefore, successful recovery of nickel depends on close control of the behaviour of iron in the selected process.The Ambatovy area is located 80 km east of Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar. Exploration dates back to 1960, when the Malagasy Service Géologique carried out a limited pitting and auger-drilling program. Phelps Dodge Corporation (now Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc.) was granted the mining rights to the property in 1995 and carried out significant resource definition, environmental assessment, and engineering studies between 1995 and 2001 (Chou, Rooke, Williams, & Hanks, 2000). In 2003, Dynatec Corporation, which was formed in 1997 by the merger of Dynatec International Ltd. and Sherritt International Consultants Inc., signed a joint venture agreement with subsidiaries of Phelps Dodge to evaluate the Ambatovy nickel project. Dynatec became extensively involved in the development of the project, including process selection and pilot plant testing in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta (Collins et al., 2004, 2005; Collins & Vardill, 2005; Collins, Buban, Holloway, Masters, & Raudsepp, 2009). Dynatec acquired 100% of the project in 2005 and a joint venture between Dynatec, Sumitomo Corporation, Korea Resources Corporation (KORES), and SNC-Lavalin Inc. (SLI) was formed shortly thereafter to provide funding for further development. SLI was responsible for engineering, procurement, and construction management of the commercial facilities. Sherritt International Corporation reacquired Dynatec Corporation, including 40% ownership in the Ambatovy nickel project, in 2007. The current Ambatovy joint venture consists of an integrated nickel and cobalt mining, processing, refining, and marketing enterprise between subsidiaries of Sherritt (40% owner and mine and plant operator), Sumitomo Corporation (32.5% owner), and KORES (27.5% owner)."

Jan 1, 2017

By P. Mousset-Jones

The USBH Mining Systems and Ground Control Generic Research Center funded a project leading to the improved planning of airflow and refrigeration in underground mines experiencing hot working conditions. The project was broken down into approximately five phases: 1. Visiting some of the known hot mines in the U.S. and sending out a questionnaire to determine other mines which might be experiencing hot working conditions in the future. 2. Choosing two mines in which to conduct measurements to determine the insitu rock thermal conductivity and diffusivity, and comparing these values with laboratory determined values. 3. Investigating computer programs available for mine climate simulation, and testing these programs with case study examples from the two mines where the rock thermal properties were measured. 4. Considering improved ways of estimating the wetness factor and experimenting with the use of heat flux meters to more directly measure the rock heat inflow into the airstream. 5. Applying the results of these investigations to simulating the climate for future mine development and production areas at the two- mines. The project is approximately two thirds completed. At the time of writing, the insitu measurements at one of the mines are still being recorded. This paper will be describing the procedures and results of the insitu rock thermal property measurements, and give a brief description of some of the simulated results obtained for a mechanised cut and fill stope case study from the Homestake Gold Hine in South Dakota.

Jan 1, 1985

By R. E. Johnson

Seventy years after the start of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, as reckoned from Arkwright's water frame patented in 1769, there was a significant development of the metallurgical industry in Virginia. In Britain, crucible steel had been rediscovered by Benjamin Huntsman in 17~0, and this made spring and tool steel more generally available. The metal-turning, screw-cutting lathe, including the basic principles recognized in today's engine lathe, was developed by Henry Maudslay about 1797. Wrought iron, as manufactured by Henry Cort's process patented in 1784, was readily available. Richard Trevithick's highpressure steam locomotive had met its test on the Pennydarren tramroad in 1804, and George Stephenson had built his famous Rocket, along with several other locomotives, at Newcastle around 1828. Puddling furnaces and a rolling mill had been placed in operation at the Tredegar Iron Works in Glyn Sirhowy, Monmouthshire, Wales, in 1807. In the United States, expanding commerce and a growing population resulted in continuing development from the Chesapeake to Virginia's Blue Ridge, and this demanded improved means of transportation. Ore deposits rich in hematite had been found in Virginia's Piedmont during the Colonial period, and a number of blast furnaces now dotted that area. The products of these operations were mostly pots, kettles, stove parts and like items for local trade. The James River and Kanawha Canal was incorporated in January 1785. Its eastern leg, winding along the slope of the high bluffs overlooking the river, was completed about 1800. About two dozen railroads were chartered in Virginia between 1830 and 1837. With expanding population and steady industrial development came a need for metallurgical products. Throughout the eastern United States, numerous metallurgical enterprises sprang up, and many of these flourished. The purpose of this article is to outline the development of one Southern metallurgical company, the Tredegar Iron Works, which was to have a significant impact on the industrial development of Virginia and the fighting of the American Civil War. Although the Tredegar Iron Works no longer exists, remnants of the early operations have been restored, and the current status of the site is also presented.

Jan 1, 1999

By Patrik Ericsson

During the 90?s Atlas Copco and LKAB developed a pioneering fully automatic long hole production drilling system based on the Atlas Copco Simba W469 drill rigs. These drill rigs have since then drilled about 8.000.000 drill meters at the LKAB Kiruna and Malmberget mines. In 2005 LKAB ordered three new Atlas Copco Simba W6 C, to complement Simba W469s still in operation. These new Simbas are based on the latest generation computerized drilling technology have proven to meet the expectations of LKAB and now form a base for future automation in Kiruna and Malmberget mines. This paper will present experiences from the introduction of Simba W6 C in LKAB Kiruna and Malmberget mines. The paper will also elaborate on the latest developments in remote access and remote control technology making it a common automation option available for all computerized Atlas Copco drill rigs.

May 1, 2007

By NA UMC

Abstract Booklet

Dec 1, 2022

By Alfred Weiss

Selecting a minicomputer is not unlike selecting a costly piece of mining equipment such as a truck, shovel, crusher, or conveyor belt system. A marked difference might lie in the frequency at which such selection takes place; another difference might be mine management's familiarity with mining equipment vis a vis a minicomputer. These basic differences might prompt a mining company to seek the aid of a consultant when selecting a minicomputer system. Advantages and Disadvantages The fundamental advantage of employing an independent consultant is that it provides management with a source of knowledge and breadth of experience not readily available within the organization. If the consultant has a minerals background, such knowledge and experience are further enhanced by actual experience in exploration, mining, and mineral processing. If the consultant has worked within a mining company, such hands-on experience is supplemented with a meaningful understanding of the client's business; this facilitates communication between the consultant and members of the client organization. The consultant has been, so to speak, "in the client's shoes." There are several other advantages. Since computer systems cut across organizational boundaries, the independent consultant may be able to move within the organization more easily than an inside staff person to collect necessary information. Also, detachment from any manufacturer should provide the client with an objectivity and a set of recommendations as near optimal as feasible. The principal disadvantages lie in the area of continuity and accountability. Once the consultant's report has been submitted and his recommendations implemented, a discontinuity might occur. Also, if implementation does not provide the desired results, the consultant might not be available to correct the situation or account for actions taken. Proper selection of consultant services, relative to kind and duration, and the consultant's method of operation, will often prevent many of these aftereffects. Services Offered The professional consultant can help a client: •Define and summarize information systems technology* needs; • Evaluate alternatives such as in-house capability and capacity, time-sharing, or service bureaus; • Prepare a formal request for proposal (RFP) to be submitted to vendors; •Evaluate vendor proposals; •Evaluate the economics of lease vs. purchase; and •Assist in the conversion and installation. Thus, consulting services may range from evaluating an existing system and upgrading to a larger piece of equipment, to selecting a new first-for-the-organization computer. First, Define and Summarize Needs Regardless of circumstances, the most valuable document required before equipment selection is the information system plan (I/S plan). It helps insure that the company's information needs are met in a cost-effective manner. An I/S plan is usually a comporient of the mining company's overall business goals. Since an I/S plan is a formal vehicle for establishing and communicating the direction the organization intends to take to satisfy information requirements needed to achieve goals and objectives, most initial systems services are likely to center around creating such a document or updating an existing document. The trend toward company-wide I/S planning is increasing in the mining industry; however, smaller scale efforts focused at the information systems needs to support an individual

Jan 11, 1981

Although AustraliaÆs coal mining industry is currently experiencing a pleasing period of price relief, long-term trends toward lower real prices will surely continue. Higher price levels attract expansion by existing operators and market entrance by new operators. History clearly demonstrates the relentless long-term march toward ever lower real prices. Therefore, the need for economic returns applies constant pressure to improve productivity. To be sustained, high productivity requires a systematic response based on a solid understanding of critical productivity determinants. The most powerful determinant of productivity is now widely understood to be workplace culture. Culture largely comprises a combination of behaviours, symbols and attitudes. This paper will examine and review scienceÆs latest discoveries in human behaviour. It will provide a proven, practical framework for understanding behaviour and applying this knowledge. Significantly, it will highlight why conventional approaches toward improving productivity often provide disappointing economic returns. The modern understanding of behaviour factors will cover coal face operations. More importantly, because executive and managerial levels in coal mining have significantly greater impact on industry and mine productivity the paper will concentrate on leadership. Particular emphasis will be placed on use of modern systems and in particular use of what are by far the most powerful drivers of behaviours û measurement, analysis and reporting systems. The paper and presentation will show how conventional systems rooted in antiquated American legislation from the early 1900s stifle productivity improvement and drive suboptimal and even counterproductive behaviours. These commonly used systems will be compared with accurate and effective modern methods for assessing performance to improve productivity. These principles are proven in all industries and effective application in mining will be highlighted. Actual results will be used to demonstrate practical approaches successfully applied in both metal and coal mining in Australia and overseas.

Jan 1, 2005