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By G. R. Mansfield, W. B. Lang

THE third year of Government exploration for potash by the U. S. Geological Survey and the U. S. Bureau of Mines under the authorization of the act approved June 25, 1926 (Public 424-69th Cong.) is drawing to a close. The results thus far obtained are thought to be sufficiently interesting and satisfactory to justify the presentation of a brief preliminary account of the work. Review of Earlier Exploration The general geologic similarity of the Permian basin of Texas and New Mexico to the potash field of Germany had long ago suggested the possibility of the presence of potash salts somewhere in that basin, but petroleum exploration was then making little headway there and the necessary data could not be obtained. The discovery by Udden in 1912 of potash in brine from the Spur well in Dickens County, Texas, was the first direct evidence of its presence. In 1915-17 the U. S. Geological Survey drilled a test well with standard tools at Cliffside near Amarillo, but failed to find potash. Nevertheless, an observer has been kept in the field, at first in cooperation with the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology but since 1922 by the Survey alone, to secure data and samples from oil and gas tests. Since the discovery of oil in Reagan County in 1923 exploration by drilling has been rapidly extended to many parts of western Texas and southeastern New Mexico. The identification of the potash-bearing mineral polyhalite was first announced by the Geological Survey in June, 1921, the material having come from cuttings from the Bryant well in Midland County and the Burns well in Dawson County, Texas. Successive discoveries and announcements of similar purport aroused widespread interest in potash exploration, which culminated in the action by Congress already noted. Permian Salt Basin The Permian salt basin extends generally northeastward from western Texas and southeastern New Mexico through the Panhandle sections of

Jan 1, 1929

By G. H., Wigton

THE present milling operations of the Chief Consolidated Mining Co. consist- of flotation of oxidized minerals from siliceous ores of the Tintic Mining district, Utah. As the lead, silver, and gold minerals that give the ores economic value are almost entirely oxidized; their successful flotation has necessitated the solution of many new problems. Laboratory effort resulted in the selection of a, natural float for the oxidized minerals. 'By "natural float," I mean that no reagent was added to produce a sulfide film on the osidized minerals before or while subjecting them to flotation operations. As compared to methods involving sulfide filming, the natural float was selected because it promised successful treatment of a larger variety, of ores without change in quantity or kind of reagents, as well as a better economic balance between metal recovery and concentration ratio. In explanation, I can, state that with sulfide filming, the efficiency of the method decreases rapidly with increase of hydrated, iron osides in the ore, whereas with the natural float the same effect has not been noted. Evidence shows that although sulfidizing can produce greater metal recoveries, it yields a concentrate so much lower in grade that no advantage results.

Jan 1, 1928

By Edmund Newton

The steel industry of the United States has depended in the past almost wholly upon imports for its supplies of manganese. Many of the important domestic sources yield ores leaner in their natural condition than the foreign ores the steel industry. has been accustomed to use. To make them available, therefore, either the ores must be concentrated or the practice of the steel industry modified. Roughly 25,000 T. annually of high-grade manganese ores are used for dry batteries for chemical purpose, and in other ways; while approximately 750,000 T. are required for making steel. , By present practice, every ton of steel takes an average of about 14 lb. (1.8 kg.) of metallic manganese. This is generally added to the steel in the form of an alloy, the standard alloys being the 80-per cent. ferro-manganese and the 20-per cent. spiegeleisen, During the year 1917, 286,000 T. of ferromanganese and 193,291 T. of spiegeleisen were made in this country, the former largely from imported ores; and 45,381 T. of ferromanganese. was imported. The metallic manganese represented by these alloys was 304,000 T., the product of roughly 800,000 T. of high-grade ore and 345,000 T. of low-grade ore. Manganese Deposits in the United States Before the war manganese ore was mined in relatively small quantities in the Appalachian region, including Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia, and in Arkansas, but owing to the increase in prices during the past three years manganese mining has been undertaken also in Montana, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Minnesota. From data now available it appears that in this country deposits of high-grade manganese ores are usually small, while materials lower in manganese and higher in iron occur in appreciable quantities. Our total quantity of manganese-bearing material is relatively large, but on

Jan 1, 1920

By Thomas W. Wälde

BACKGROUND Foreign investment has been a major factor in bringing about the substantial mining industries of Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Brasil and Guyana. But economic nationalism and sentiment against foreiqn domination of vital national industries grew in the 1960s and most major mining projects were transferred into state owner ship. Among the state mining enterprises formed were CODELCO - Chile, MINERO-PERU/ CENTRCMIN - Peru, CCMIBOL - Bolivia (in 1952), Hierro-PERU, GUY-BAU/BIDCO - Guyana, etc. New investment during that time was discouraged because it was subject to the restrictive conditions of the investment regulations of the Andean-Pact, a grouping of Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela and Colombia. The philisophy was that mineral resources were to be developed exclusively by national enterprises. Essential foreign inputs had to be acquired "depackaged" as separate purchases of equipment and technical assistance services. As a result of the worldwide economic recession which hit the mining industries in 1980-1982, many projects that were viable in 1970 were not developed by the new state enterprises due to lack of capital, managerial and technical abilities and due to problems with marketing. As a consequence of the long-term decline of metal prices, governments experienced difficulty in getting investment organized through national or foreign enterprises and have had to face up to the trade-offs between national control and active mineral development. A change has since taken place in governmental policies. The 1981 Peruvian mining law, the 1982 mining law of Uruguay, the 1979/1980 mineral promotion laws of Argentina, all witness the gradual shifting of emphasis from restriction to promotion. The investment rules of the Andean Pact have been progressively softened through national regulation and today are more or less irrelevant. Nationalizations and forced renegotiations have not occurred in the last few years. Countries have gone to great lengths (without much success) to re-attract foreign investment on terms that accommodate the political sensitivities of the South American countries and the practical requirements of investors and financiers. For this analysis, three contracts have been selected which reflect this accommodation in three South American countries, where miner a1 production plays a major role in the national economy. These con tracts reflect both the attitudes and traditions of the individual countries, but also mark the shift in mineral investment policies that has taken place. EL INDIO AGREEMENT The 1977 investment agreement between Chile and St. Joe Minerals marked a dramatic relationship between Chile and foreign mining investor s. In Chile, mining of copper has played a major role in the country's history. Large scale copper mining was initiated and developed by Kennecott and Anaconda. The nationalization of these two companies under the Allende government in July 1971 started a wave of nationalizations of foreign-held mining and petroleum operations since then in many parts of the world. The military government supported the new Chilean state mining companies ((30DELCO and ENMI) , but it also attempted to accelerate mineral development by prom ting foreign private investment, thus reversing the nationalistic policies followed by the Allende and the preceding Frei government. The new policy by the military government is expressed in Decreto-Ley 600 (1974) which governs foreign investment in Chile. Decreto-Ley 600 is

Jan 1, 1985

By Jack Fox

It is some time since these columns have contained a report to the members on just what is doing in the Society of Mining Engineers. Accordingly, even though it is now a month and a half after the Annual Meeting in Denver, it seems that a report on what transpired at the SME Board Meeting there is in order. First off, I'd like to say that the Members of the Society of Mining Engineers can be justly proud of their representatives on the SME Board of Directors. Of 21 members and officers on the "Old" Board of Directors, 19 were present. President Brower Dellinger chaired the "Old" Board Meeting. Of the 21 members on the "New" Board of Directors, every single one was present. James Boyd, the outgoing AIME President, attended and expressed his appreciation of the support that the Society of Mining Engineers had given him during his year as President of AIME. Members Multiply Robert S. Shoemaker, Chairman of the SME Membership Committee, pointed out that based on figures available, the Society of Mining Engineers had a net gain of 523 members during 1969 while SPE had a 490 net gain and The Metallurgical Society a net loss of 159. This is probably the first time in the last 20 years that anyone has exceeded the SPE net gain in membership. While SME still has a way to go to surpass the Society of Petroleum Engineers in number of members, we did have, on December 1, 1969, 16,369 members. However, 419 were dropped at the end of that month leaving us with a net for the year of 15,950.

Jan 1, 1970

By C. N. Garman

Homestake-New Mexico Partners operate a 750-tpd carbonate leach uranium concentrate mill near Grants, N.M. The highly mineralized water available as process water leaves much to be desired. The 628 ppm as CaCO 3 makes the use of raw water very troublesome in pipes and on filter cloths. However, the residual sodium carbonate in the final filter cake going to tails makes an ideal softening agent. To take advantage of this fact, all makeup water used in the mill is first used as tailing slurry dilution water and comes to the mill from the tailings pond. The 5-acre tailings pond serves as a thickener and 100 to 150 gpm of nearly clear solution is decanted to a pump to be returned to the mill. Since this tailings water has small quantities of uranium in the solution an ion exchange scavenger unit was installed to remove as much uranium as possible. The ion exchange raffinate is then used as final filter wash ahead of the tailings slurrying step. In spite of the large settling area this return water is not clean enough for ion exchange feed. The solids present are very fine and composed of approximately 15 pct (by weight) burnable carbonaceous material common to the sandstone uranium ores in the area, 40 pct SiOz plus 45 pct CaC03. Laboratory work showed that this material responds very well to flotation. Before deciding to use flotation, various clarifying systems such as pressure leaf filters, sand filters, and continuous vacuum pre-coat filters, were considered. Each of these could have solved the problem but with much more operating labor, more reagents and greater installation costs than the flotation step. About 100 to 150 gpm of fouled water is fed to two 66-in. Fagergren cells, in series. Reagents used at the beginning were Arquad 2HT75 and Arquad C50, at the rate of about 1% lb per 8-hr shift, or about 0.0053 lb each per ton of ore. This did not completely remove the solids but does an acceptable job. Approximately 75 pct of the slimes are a size that can be caught on a 41-Whatman Paper are removed. Removal of these slimes also allows much better settling of the coarse nonfloatable material. Advantage is also taken of this fact in a small settling tank ahead of precipitation. Removal of this amount of the slimes makes the ion t:xchange feasible. PREGNANT SOLUTION CIRCUIT The carbonate? leach-caustic precipitation method of uranium concertration does not provide for any process purification step ahead of precipitation. Therefore, any fine solids getting into the pregnant solution through the filter cloth show up in the final concentrate. This, of course, lowers the grade, and, at times, the slimy nature of these very fine solids rendered final filtration of the concentrate difficult if not impossible At Homestake-New Mexico Partners a 75-ft thickener was available for gravity clarification of 100 to 120 gpm of this pregnant solution. However this did not sufficiently remove the slimes. Laboratory investigation of the whole range of flocculants that were suggested by literature, salesmen, and friends failed to turn up anything of consequence. A continuous vacuum pre-coat filter would do the job and was investigated. The capital cost and the operating labor and materials made this a last chance choice. Following work done in the metallurgical laboratory on the tailings return water, it was found that some changes in the reagent strengths and combinations made a very definite decrease in the solids in the pregnant solution. Concentrate grade improved about 5 pct anti the final product after drying had an appreciably greater bulk density. Compared to a cost of about 2.2e per ton for pre-coat filter opelation for cleaning just one circuit, flotation costs less than 1.0 per ton of ore for cleaning two circuits. While a pre-coat filter would do a more thorough job, the flotation does all that is required for either circuit. Gravity causes the froth produced to run back into the leach circuit. This does not appear to result in a build-up of objectionable slime. No extra manpower is required; the operators in the separate areas can observe the operation of the cells and mix the small quantities of reagents as needed. Normally the 66-in. Fagergren cell requires 15 hp per cell, but this very dilute slurry needs only 10 hp for both cells. Originally, a combination of the two Arquads mentioned previously served as frothers and promoters. As further testing

Jan 1, 1962

The first session of the Institute was held at the Smithsonian Institution, on Tuesday evening, February 22d. The members were welcomed to Washington and to the Smithsonian by Prof. Joseph Henry. President Holley responded to the cordial welcome of Professor Henry, and then read an introductory address on the subject of Technical Education. Following the discussion on President Holley's address the following persons, duly proposed and indorsed by the Council, were elected members and associates of the Institute : MEMBERS. Emile R. Abadie,. .. .. St. Louis, Mo. R. J. Anderson,.....Pittsburgh, Pa. Commander L. A. Beardslee,. .. Washington, D. O, Charles Bender,. .. .. New York City. Charming M. Bolton,. .. . Richmond, Va. Thomas E. Bowman,. .. . Silverton, Colorado. Calvin E. Brodhead,. .. . Bethlehem, Pa. M. L. Brosius,. .. .. . Lewistown, Pa. Harvey H. Brown,. .. .. Cleveland, Ohio. James A. Burden,.. .. . Troy, N. Y. J. P. Clemes,. .. .. . Sonora, Mexico. N. H. Cone,. .. .. . Nederland, Colorado. W. F. Durfee,.. .. . New York City. Robert Frazer, Jr.,. .. . Ashland, Pa, Joseph E. Galigher,.. .. . Bingham, Utah. William Golding,.. .. . Steel Works P. O, Pa. Samuel E. Griscom,.. .. . Pottsville, Pa. Gen. E. Burd Grubb,.. .. Beverly, N. J, Arthur R. Guerard,. .. .. Charleston, S. C. Edward Hart,.. .. .. Easton, Pa. Prof. Lewis M. Haupt,. .. . Philadelphia. E. S. Hawley,.....Buffalo, N. Y. John W. Hoffman,.. .. .. Philadelphia. Nelson P. Hulst,.. .. . Milwaukee, Wis. H. C. Humphrey,.. .. . Philadelphia. Ed. P. Jennings,.. .. .Ithaca, N. Y. B. F. Jones,......Pittsburgh, Pa.

THE first session of the Institute was held at the Smithsonian Institution, on Tuesday evening, February 22d. The members were welcomed to Washington and to the Smithsonian by Prof. Joseph Henry. President Holley responded to the cordial welcome of Professor Henry, and then read an introductory address on the subject of Technical Education. Following the discussion on President Holley's address the following persons, duly proposed and indorsed by the Council, were elected members and associates of the Institute : MEMBERS. Emile R. Abadie, - St. Louis, Ma. R. J. Anderson, - Pittsburgh, Pa. Commander L. A. Beardslee, - Washington, D. C. Charles Bender, - New York City. Channing M. Bolton, - Richmond, Va. Thomas E. Bowman, - Silverton, Colorado. Calvin E. Brodhead, - Bethlehem, Pa. M. L. Brosius, - Lewistown, Pa. Harvey H. Brown, - Cleveland, Ohio. James A. Burden, - Troy, N. Y. J. P. Clemes, - Sonora, Mexico. N. H. Cone, - Nederland, Colorado. W. F. Durfee, - New York City. Robert Frazer, Jr., - Ashland, Pa. Joseph E. Galigher, - Bingham, Utah. William Golding, - Steel Works P. O., Pa. Samuel E. Griscom, - Pottsville, Pa. Gen. E. Burd Grubb, - Beverly, N. J. Arthur R. Guerard, - Charleston, S. C. Edward Hart, - Easton, Pa. Prof. Lewis M. Haupt, - Philadelphia. . R. S. Hawley, - Buffalo, N.Y. John W. Hoffman, - Philadelphia. Nelson P. Hulst, - Milwaukee, Wis. H. C. Humphrey, - Philadelphia. Ed. P. Jennings, - Ithaca, N. Y. B. F. Jones, - Pittsburgh, Pa.

Jan 1, 1876

By J. R. Bridge, D. A. Vaughan

The phase diagram of the Zr-H system over the range 0 to 65 atomic pet was determined by high temperature X-ray diffraction methods. Results show a eutectoid between a zirconium and the hydride phase. The eutectoid temperature was established at 560±10°C with a eutectoid composition of 42*3 atomic pet H. The hydride phase of the lowest hydrogen content is stable only above the eutectoid temperature, but is formed and retained in a metastable state during reaction of zirconium with hydrogen at temperatures below 560°C. One hydride phase is indicated that exists over the composition range 55 to 65 atomic pet H. RECENT increase in the industrial importance of zirconium has stimulated several investigations of the reaction of zirconium with hydrogen. Review of the literature on interpretation of absorption isotherms' ' shows that attempts were made to relate the observations to the room temperature hydride phases reported by Hagg.3 However, more recently Schwartz and Mallett' reported the existence of a new hydride phase, isomorphous with the lower hydride in the Hf-H system described by Sidhu.4 This phase was found adjacent to the metal in a diffusion gradient sample. In addition to the new phase, Schwartz and Mallett reported on only two of the five hydrides found by Hagg. Gulbransen" confirmed the existence of only three hydrides of

Jan 1, 1957

By Albert Williams

A large proportion of the work performed in wet-crushing silver mills is devoted to the handling and re-handling of pulp between the battery and the pans. There seems to be no generally applicable substitute for the settling-tanks, and in the present system of constructing mills the tanks involve an amount of labor which may be regarded as disproportionate and unnecessary, in view of the automatic improvements which have been introduced in other directions. This diffculty has been met, however, by Boss's continuous process, in which the pulp flows directly from the mortars to the first of a series of constantly working overflow-pans. This method has been adopted at the Noonday mill, Bodie, California; the Harshaw, Arizona; the Sierra Grande, New Mexico ; and the Prietas, Sonora. The continuous process, while giving excellent results with special ores, and under peculiar local conditions (such as a deficiency in water supply), is not, I believe, claimed to be available for all raw-amalgamating mills, notwithstanding its well-merited popularity for certain work. Some trouble has been experienced from the tendency to concentration in the pans, though this can be avoided by skilful manipulation. It has also the disadvantage inherent in combinations of distinct operations ; it requires a very nice adjustment of the water supply to obtain full battery efficiency without running the pans too thin, though the latter defect is partially compensated for by the gradual thickening of the pulp as it proceeds through the series of pans. The objection is similar to that which holds in a parallel duplex process, that of combining roasting and smelting in a single furnace, where each operation is injuriously affected by the necessity of fitting it in with another and entirely different one.

Jan 1, 1883

By W. M. Weigel

THE rapid advance, during recent years, in the manufacture of articles that have been in common use for generations and the development of new materials entering into appliances and devices unheard of fifty years ago, have created a demand for some of the more common non-metallic minerals. To supply this demand there has quietly developed a branch of the mining industry of which little is known by most mining engineers the mineral-filler industry. In this paper, and generally in the trade, the term mineral filler is applied to a mineral used, in its natural state after mechanical preparation only (such as. grinding, milling and washing), without undergoing any chemical change and without exerting any chemical action on the substance with which it is incorporated. The consumption of mineral fillers is confined chiefly to large manufacturing centers in the eastern and northern states. Where available, materials originating near the place of consumption are used, as most fillers bring a comparatively low price and, frequently, the freight may equal the cost of the finished filler at the mine. The southern states have abundant deposits of non-metallic minerals suitable for fillers, which supply the manufacturing industries in adjacent states. Many of these deposits are equal to, or superior, in quality to those mined in the north, but they can not compete with them because of the freight rates. The mineral-filler industry has felt the present depression, but it has suffered less than most mining industries for as a rule the mills are simple, the overhead expenses are low, and the labor is entirely local and can revert to farm work when the plant closes down. Many other deposits in the southern district will undoubtedly be developed when business. revives and freight rates are adjusted.

Jan 2, 1922

By Howard S. Bryant

The year 1928 has recently.passed from the picture and it is at this time that the various divisions of the oil industry are giving thought to plans for the present year. The outstanding characteristic of the industry in 1928 was the successful curtailment of oil production to the market's needs. It has been thought advisable to look ahead and endeavor to anticipate the oil demand for the coming year, and thus determine the volume of oil that can be safely produced without causing major additions to surface stocks. The year has been one of smaller additions to stocks than in 1927, a record demand for oil products, and a further developed spirit of cooperation among oil producers, as well as various other achievements. It is well to pause and take stock of ourselves. Present Status of Crude Oil Supply and Demand The total daily new supply of oil is at this time1 about 2,960,000 bbl. per day, made up of 2,585,000 bbl. domestic crude production, 125,000 bbl. casinghead gasoline, and 250,000 bbl. of imports. With the present low consumption, due to the falling off in the winter season demand, it is estimated that about 150,000 bbl. a day are now being run to storage, and that the first three months in 1929 will see large-sized additions to storage. Consumption plus exports of oil have increased at a regular rate from year to year, and although oil production in 1928 passed the 1,000,000,-000 bbl. mark for the second time in the history of the United States, with a production of 25,000,000 bbl. more than in 1927, only 30,000,000 bbl. were added to storage during 1928. This is compared to an addition of 65,500,000 bbl. in 1927.

Jan 1, 1929

By Nicholas J. Grant, Henry Epstein, John Chipman

FOR many years steel producers have been concerned with the presence of hydrogen in steel. Hydrogen dissolved in excess of its solid solubility at the melting point may cause bleeding and gross unsoundness in ingots and castings. In fully-killed steels the hydrogen content which results in these difficulties varies with the alloy content1 and may range from 6 to 12 ppm.* It is also recognized that of heat treatment diminishes rapidly as the size of the part to be treated increases. The time required to remove a specified fraction of the hydrogen present increases as the square of the diameter of the section, making the treatment of large- sizes impractical. In order to prevent bleeding and gross unsound-ness due to hydrogen, and in view of the inadequacy of corrective heat treatment alone to provide optimum properties when hydrogen is present in large sections, efforts to limit the hydrogen content must be taken while the steel is still liquid. The main subject of this paper is a discussion of the factors affecting the hydrogen content of liquid steel in acid and basic open hearth, and basic electric two-slag furnace processing. Literature Survey Because many of the results and observations reported in the literature have a direct bearing on the results obtained in the present research and form part of the basis for conclusions reached, a brief summary of the findings is necessary. Methods for experimental investigation of hydrogen in liquid steel are comparatively new. The first attempts to estimate the hydrogen content of the open hearth bath were by Kalling and Rudberg,6 who devised a method for collecting gases evolved from the boiling bath of a basic open hearth furnace. They found that the gas during the boil generally contained 2 to 3 pct H2. From this and Sieverts'

Jan 1, 1958

By Thomas Cox

THIS paper makes no claim to any new idea; it simply reviews the Treasury Department Regulations pertaining to the practical application of depreciation and depletion and other allowances governing taxation of oil and gas properties. Other methods may be existent, but as they may not conform to the legal status they must be discarded. In complying with the present laws governing the, industry with regard to taxation and the allowable deductions therefrom, the following considerations are essential: Depletion, depreciation, amortization, other allowances, and items not deductible. It is definitely understood that depletion is the loss or exhaustion sustained in the continuous operating of an oil and gas property, and that each unit of oil or gas taken out reduces the value of the property until its final exhaustion. Depletion applies only to the natural deposits of oil and gas due to their-removal in the course of exploitation of any property. Depreciation is defined to cover the waste of assets due to exhaustion, wear and tear, and obsolescence of the physical property, and is separate and distinct from depletion; its allowance is that amount which should be set aside for the taxable year in such sums as for the useful life of ,the property will suffice to repay its original cost-or its value as of Mar: 1, 1913, if acquired by the taxpayer before that date-less the salvage value at the end of such useful life. Amortization is allowed for such facilities as were built or acquired on or after Apr. 6, 1917, for the production of articles contributing to the prosecution of the war and, in the case of vessels, those built and acquired after that date. The amount to be extinguished, in general, is the excess of the unextinguished or unrecovered cost of the property over its maximum value under stable .post-war conditions.

Jan 9, 1920

Organization Place Date 1917 American Society of Sanitary Engineers Grand Rapids, Mich. Aug. 1-3 National Association of Stationary Engineers... Evansville, Ind. Sept. 10-15 National Safety Council New York City. Sept. 10-15 National Exposition of Safety and Sanitation. New York City Sept. 10-15 American Iron, Steel & Electrical Engineers..:. Philadelphia, Pa. Sept. 10-14 American Institute of Metals Boston, Mass. Sept. 24-29 American Foundrymen's Association Boston, Mass. Sept. 24-29 Chemical Industries, Third National Exhibition. New York City Sept. 24-29

Jan 8, 1917

New York Holds monthly meetings, except June, July and August JOHN A CHURCH, JR, Chairman JOSEPH E POGUE, Vice-chairman SIDNEY ROLLF, Vice-chairman EDWARD C MEAGHER Secretary, Texas Gulf Sulphur Co, 41 E 42nd St, New York M H MERRISS, Treasurer, 42 Broadway, New York ARTHUR NOTMAN T T READ Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month EDWARD C GEITHER, Chairman WILLIAMS BLACK, Vice-chairman DONALD H MCLAUGHLIN, Secretary-treasurer, Rotch Bldg, Harvard Univ, Cambridge, Mass J L GILLSON A G WAITD

Jan 1, 1923

The opening session of the Institute was held at the rooms of the American Society of Civil Engineers, No. 4 East 23d Street, VicePresident R. W. Raymond in the chair. After a short introductory address by the chairman, the following names were presented by the Council for election as members and associates of the Institute. They were unanimously elected : MEMBERS. Abbott, James W.,.....Lake City, Col. Abbott, J. J., Jr.,...... Lake City, Col. Bartlett, J. C.,.....Cambridge, Mass. Billings, G. H.,.....Boston, Mass. Blake, Frank C.,.....Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. Dewey, Fred. P.,.....Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. Douglass, Samuel T.,. .. . Ann Arbor, Mich. Emmons, 9. F.,.....New York City. Engle, George U.,.....Philadelphia. Harrington, Dr. Bernard J.,. .. Montreal, Canada. Hayden, Wm. B.,.....Columbus, O. Hill, Leslie C.,.....Capelton, Quebec, Canada. Land, W. J.,......Atlanta, Ga. May, Wm. A.,.....Scranton, Pa. Mills, James E.,.....St. Louis, Mo. Moore, Charles W.,.... Montezuma, Ind. Page, William Byrd,.... Lexington, Ky. Putnam, Douglas, Jr.,.... Ashland, Ky. Richards, Henry,.....Dover, N. J. Boberts, Percival, Jr.,. .. . Philadelphia. Sackett, S. G.,......Brooklyn, N. Y. Schley, Wm. S.,.....Atlanta, Ga. Setz, Gustav,......Mine La Motte, Mo. Talhutt, John H.,.....Lexington, Ky. Torrey, Herbert G.,.... U. S. Assay Office, New York City. Wernlitz, Fred. W.,..., Cartersville, Bartow Co., Ga. Wiestling, Geo. B.,.....Mont Alto, Franklin Go., Pa.

THE opening session of the Institute was held at the rooms of the American Society of Civil Engineers, No. 4 East 23d Street, Vice-President R. W. Raymond in the chair. After a short introductory address by the chairman, the following names were presented by the Council for election as members and associates of the Institute. They were unanimously elected : MEMBERS. Abbott, James W., - Lake City, Col. Abbott, J. J., Jr., - Lake City, Col. Bartlett, J. C., - Cambridge, Mass. Billings, G. H., - Boston, Mass. Blake, Frank C., - Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. Dewey, Fred. P., - Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. Douglass, Samuel T., - Ann Arbor, Mich. Emmons, S. F., - New York City. Engle, George U., - Philadelphia. Harrington, Dr. Bernard J., - Montreal, Canada. Hayden, Wm. B., - Columbus, O. Hill, Leslie C., - Capelton, Quebec, Canada. Land, W. J., - Atlanta, Ga. May, Wm. A., - Scranton, Pa. Mills, James E., - St. Louis, Mo. Moore, Charles W., - Montezuma, Ind. Page, William Byrd, - Lexington, Ky. Putnam, Douglas, Jr., - Ashland, Ky. Richards, Henry, - Dover, N. J. Roberts, Percival, Jr., - Philadelphia. Sackett, S. G., - Brooklyn, N. Y. Schley, Wm. S., - Atlanta, Ga. Setz, Gustav, - Mine La Motte, Mo. Talbutt, John H., - Lexington, Ky. Torrey, Herbert G., - U. S. Assay Office, New York City. Wernlitz, Fred. W., - Cartersville, Bartow Co., Ga. Wiestling, Geo. B., - Mont Alto, Franklin Co., Pa.

Jan 1, 1877

(Members are urged to send in for this column any notes of interest; concerning themselves or their fellow-members.) Members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period Nov. .10, 19 16 to Dec. 1.0, 1916: Chester Atkinson, La Fundicion, Peru. , Paul Llewellyn, East Chicago, Ind. F. J. Brule, Toronto, Ont., Canada. Harry March, London, England. Sterling H. Bunnell, New York, N. Y. E. P. Mathewson, Toronto, Ont., Canada. G. H. Cunningham, Hobart, Tasmania.' E. W. Moore, Budapest, Rumania. Courtenay DeKalb, Tucson, Ariz. W. J. Pentland, Guadalajara, Mex., E. H. Dickenson, New Y.. Heinrich Ries, Ithaca, N. Y. E. B. Durham, Mount Kisco, N. Y. W. E. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa. L. B. Eames, Pueblo. Colo. J. G. Scrugham, Reno, Nev. N: H. Emmons, 2d, Copperhill, Tens. - W. H, Seagrave, Kennecott, .Alaska. R. E. Hoffman, Hannibal Mo.'s H. B. Small, Magangue, Colombia. B. B. Hood, Chronic, N. J. W. H. Staver, Washington, D. C. H. E. Jackman, Rochester, N. Y. R. K. Stockwell, Santiago, Chile. F. H. Jackson, Joplin, Mo. Warren D. Thompson, Boston, Mass. Knight S. Jordan, Provo. Utah. Thor Warner, Kingman, Ariz. William Kelly, Vulcan, Mich. S. T. Wellman, Cleveland, Ohio. W. H. Lanagan, San Francisco. Cal. F. H. Willcox, Pittsburgh, Pa. H. H. Lauer, Northampton, Pa. Arthur K. Adams has been appointed geologist to the Andes Copper Co.

Jan 1, 1917

(The following list contains the names of those members of the Institute of whose connection with military service we have only recently become acquainted; it also includes the names of a few who have recently been promoted or transferred, indicated by a *. A complete list was published in the Year Book, issued as a supplement of the Bulletin for March, 1918.) ANDERSON, AMIL A., Co. A, 309th Regiment Engineers, 84th Div., American E. F., Care Postmaster, New York. ARMSTRONG, HAROLD K., Pilot, Naval Aviation, U. S. Naval Air Station, Miami, Fla. BASSETT, ARTHUR F., Co. 6, -E. 0. T. S., Camp Humphreys, Va. BEDDALL, THOMAS H., Adjutant, 1st Battalion, 1st Gas Regiment, American E. F. BERNARD, CLINTON P., Candidate, 12th Observation Battery, F. A. C. 0. T. S., Camp Taylor, Ky. BROOKE, LIONEL, 50th Co., 13th Battalion, 5th Replacement Engineers, Camp Gordon, Ga. BROWNING, EDWARD, Corp., 1st Regiment Engineers, Co. D, American E. F. BUGBEE, EDWARD E., S. A. T. C. Headquarters, Raleigh N. C. BUTTERFIELD, G. BRUCE, CO. C, 605th Engineers, American E. F. CADOT, J. J., 1st Lieut., U. S. Air Service, American E. F., Care Post- master, New York. CARLOCK, J. B., Major, 2d Battalion, 1st Gas Regiment, American E. F., France.

Jan 12, 1918