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By Roger L. Beals, George A. Tweedy

I. INTRODUCTION. THE results of the cyanide-operations, given in detail in the following paper, show the progress that is being made at the Minas del Tajo. The old pan-amalgamation process, in operation up to and including 1905, while paying a profit on high-grade ores, was no longer able to treat profitably the ores in sight at that time, hence an alteration in the process was imperative. The success of this alteration is eloquently expressed by the following data Pan- Amalgamation. Cyanidation. 1905. 1907. 1903. Tons treated, . . 51,387 53,983 69,300 Value per ton (U. S. currency),. $10.75 $8.39 $8.28 Extraction, per cent., 65.00 88.50 S7.45 Extraction, per ton. .- $7.00 $7.4.; $7.24 Total cost, per ton treated, 6.50 4.311 4.01 Profit, per ton treated, . . 0.50 3.07 3.23.;

Feb 1, 1910

By AIME AIME

QUALITY and size do not ordinarily go hand in hand, but there is good evidence that both these attributes reached a new peak at the Annual Meeting of the Institute in New York just concluded. Certainly, the total attendance of 2500 was far above any yet attained, as might be expected with the recent rapid growth of Institute member- ship. General comment indicates that the quality of the papers also was notable, though not measurable by so definite a yardstick as attendance. During the meeting 49 technical sessions were held, at which more than 250 formal papers were presented. In addition, there were some thirty special meetings of committees, Divisions, and other Institute groups. In reporting the Annual Meeting eleven years ago the statement was made that "unless the Engineering Societies should build for themselves a new building it is probable that no meeting can be larger," and "the fifth floor, where a buffet lunch is served each day, has reached its full capacity and it seems quite evident that any future development of Institute meetings must be along the lines of quality, not size." Unfortunately the angel to succeed Andrew Carnegie, who financed the building of the present home of the Institute 35 years ago, has not yet ' appeared. Even if some one would merely build another elevator or two in the present building it would help. Fortunately, the modern auditorium of the American Radiator & Standard

Jan 1, 1940

Rossiter Worthington Raymond, Ph.D., LL. D-1840 to 1918.-Dr. Rossiter W. Raymond, Past President, Honorary Member and Secretary Emeritus, died suddenly of heart failure at his home, 123 Henry'St., Brooklyn, N. Y., on the evening of Tuesday, Dec. 31, 1918. He was one of the founders of the Institute and its second President. A Memorial 'Service will be held on Monday afternoon, Feb. 17. James Douglas.- The Institute suffered a second very severe loss by the death of Dr. James Douglas, Honorary Member, Past President (having served as President for two years), and in three separate respects the greatest benefactor of the Institute: first, in raising funds by volun¬tary subscription and his own personal gifts to pay the Institute's share of the money owed on the land on which the Engineering Societies Build¬ing now stands; second, as original donor to Engineering Societies Library; and third, by his bequest of $100,000 for the maintenance of the library of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. A resolution regarding the death of Dr. Douglas was passed by the Board of Directors and at the meeting of the Institute on Sept. 4, 1918, in Colorado, at which time a memorial service was held in the thea¬ter of the Hotel Broadmoor, attended by about 400 members and guests. A copy of the resolution was prepared and sent to the family. A bronze tablet is now being prepared and will be placed in the Members' Room and unveiled at the February meeting. A biography and portrait of Dr. Douglas was published in the September, 1918, Bulletin. There is also placed in the Engineering Societies Library an oil portrait of Dr. Douglas which had his own approval and was presented by him. American Institute of Metals.--During the Spring of the year, plans were completed with the American Institute of Metals whereby this society became the Institute of Metals Division of the American Insti¬tute of Mining Engineers. This body was a dignified aggregation of metallurgists which had been in existence for about 11 years. A bronze tablet commemorating the American Institute of Metals is now being placed in the Members' Room of the Institute, and during the year 1919 the Bulletin will bear the following title: "Bulletin of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, with which is consolidated the American Institute of Metals." Visits to Local Sections.-During the year President Jennings made visits to six of the Local Sections, on three of which occasions he was accompanied by the First Vice-president and the Secretary. First Vice-president Goodale made five visitations and the Secretary made eight.

Jan 1, 1923

By Scott, Turner

MY whole life has been spent in the mining business, PO I naturally tend to address my remarks particularly to the newly-graduated mining and metallurgical engineers among you. To a certain extent, all forms of engineering principles are involved in the training of the mining engineer, and most sorts of engineering are certainly utilized by him, so every one of this graduatins class is concerned with the field I propose to discuss.

Jan 1, 1932

By T. F. Witherbee

It is proposed to give, first, a description of the works; second, a report of the first six months of the present blast; and third, such improvements as have been suggested by the practical working. The site selected for this furnace was, at the time of commencing work, October, 1872, entirely covered by the navigable waters of Lake Champlain. A coffer-dam was first built of cribs of round timber filled with stone, forming three sides, while the shore answered for the fourth. Considerable excavating was done with a steam-dredge, a hole being left for it to pass out. The opening was then built up, and the cribbing banked up with blue clay from the bottom of the lake, to render it water-tight and the dam pumped out; the remainder of the excavating being done by hand. All of the foundations, with the exception of the elevator-tower, and fifteen feet of the east side of hot blast, rest on the Potsdam sandstone, which forms the shore line, dipping into the lake at an angle of fifteen degrees. Owing to jogs in the formation, a much greater depth was found necessary than was at first anticipated, the foundation under the stack

By Hans Lundberg

N OT so long ago, the discovery of an orebody took place only by accident. At the present time mineral deposits, even though concealed, may be revealed by their physical or geophysical characteristics, considered in connection with geological studies. Geophysical methods are based on sound, scientific principles and in no sense partake of the mysteries of "divining-rod " methods. Geophysical methods are divided into two main groups: Group I: Methods where fields of force surrounding mineral deposits are investigated (magnetic, gravitometric, electric) ; Group I1 : Methods where fields of force are applied (produced) and anomalies caused in these fields by mineral deposits are recorded (electric, seismic). By methods belonging to Group I, the investigation of the fields of force may be brought to an astonishing degree of accuracy by means of highly sensitive and delicate apparatus (torsion and magnetic balances) ; at least, in simple cases these methods have proved to be of great value.

Jan 1, 1925

By J. E. Berg

THE geology of the Coeur d'Alene mining district is so familiar to every one interested in mining that I will only note as an introduction that the main producers are mines whose orebodies lie in the Revett or Burke quartzites ; that the known orebodies in the eastern part of the district all lie north of the Osburn fault; that the Prichard formation is quite generally looked upon as being unfavorable for lead deposits ; that the monzonite intrusive mass extending north from Gem to Sunset Peak, and over into Cedar Creek divide, is considered to have been the prime agent in the crea-tion of our orebodies, and that diabase dikes are a quite common feature at most of the properties with which I am familiar. Some of the exceptions to these statements may be mentioned. The Interstate-Callahan mine is considered the exception disproving the alleged relation between large ore-deposits and the Prichard formation, but this property was primarily a zinc producer, with lead secondary, though of sufficient tonnage to be a valuable product. A second interesting occurrence in the Prichard worth calling to your attention is the Jack Waite property, on Tributary Creek, north of Murray. This vein lies at a low horizon in the Prichard forma-tion, and the ore differs essentially from others in the same horizon elsewhere in that it is a clean, medium to coarsely crystalline, lead ore carrying very little zinc, about one ounce silver to ten units lead, and is accom-panied by a clean quartz gangue or vein filling. I believe that quartz was the primary mineral in the fissure, and that the lead ore was deposited in the vein as a replacement of the quartz.

Jan 7, 1927

By R. B. Schluter, M. M. Fine

Processes for manufacturing prereduced pellets have heretofore required temperatures of 2100°F or higher. Sulfides will accelerate the liquid-phase sintering of metallic iron, yet do not deter the reduction of iron oxides. The sulfides may be introduced as gases to the kiln atmosphere or as solids in the re-ductants. The net result is that well metallized iron pellets with good crushing strength can now be produced at a little over 1800°F. One of the most persistent topics at technical gatherings and in the recent scientific press has been the reduction of iron ore. In May 1960, a symposium on the subject was sponsored by the Electrochemical Society. The proceedings, comprising two dozen papers, were later published.' More recently, in November 1966, a similar gathering took place at Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Mich. The latest meeting was the International Congress on Production and Utilization of Reduced Materials at Evian, France, in May 1967. If the volume of literature, symposia and conferences is a measure of industry concern, then the current interest in reduction must be at a high level. Barrett,2 one of the early pioneers, stated some years ago that "The history of sponge iron has been so discouraging that many men in the iron and steel industry are violently opposed to giving it any further consideration." In spite of the "violent opposition" noted by Barrett, research people in and out of the industry continue to be attracted by the elusive prospect of uncovering a simple, viable means of direct reduction. Wild,3 one of the speakers at Evian, listed no less than 48 direct reduction processes (laboratory, pilot plant and commercial). Some of these were of historical interest only, but many others had resulted from developments within this decade. The previous big thrust into direct reduction occurred under the artificial impetus of a wartime economy (World War 11) and was largely an effort to provide more melting stock without coke ovens and blast furnaces. The present-day inquiry is proceeding at a more leisurely pace and the emphasis is different. For one thing, there is much less anxiety to circumvent the blast furnace. On the contrary, a whole new research endeavor has grown from the discovery that metallized burdens are exceptionally productive.4 Although the search for a melting stock

Jan 1, 1970

MEMBERS, JUNIOR MEMBERS, ASSOCIATES AND JUNIOR ASSOCIATES LIST OF MEMBERS ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS ** Junior Member. t Associate. || Junior Associate. Members are not marked. Capital letters signify Honorary membership. Student Associate and Rocky Mountain members on pages 165-167. Abadilla. Quirico A Catanawan. Tayabas, P. I. Abbey. Robert Graham. District Mgr The W. W. Sly Mfn. Co., 60 Church St New York. N. Y. Abbott. A. N Mines Supt Mazapil Copper Co Ltd . .Conception del Oro. Zac., Mexico. Abbott. Ckrence E Mgr Mines & Quarries, Tenn. Coal. Iron & R. R. Co 1242 Brown Marx Bldg Birminrham. Ala. Abbott. Louie Benjamin. Chief Enar Consolidation Coal Co Elkhorn Div .Jenkins, KY. Abeel. Gsorge H Jr., Cons. Min. Enar .Box 427. Santa Monica. Cal. Abel. Albert E Asst. to Pres Valley Mould & Iron Corp Hubbard. Ohio. Abel. Raymond L. Asst. Prof., Dept. of Pet. Refin Univ. of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh. Pa. Abernathy. George Elmer. Prof. of Geol. & Min Kansas State Teachers College. Pittsburg. Kans. IlAbernethy. D. Carl, Jr. Min. Engr Hudson Coal Co .Scranton. Pa. Abey, Hiroshi. Min. & Met. Engr., Min. & Met. Dept., The Higher Technical School, Osaka. Japan. tAbarn, Robert H Instructor in Met Harvard University Cambridge, Mass tAbozeid,Mahmood. Pet. Production E r . . Marland Oil Co. Ponca City, Okla. Abraham. Arthur W Geol., Richfield Oil Co Box 788. Bakersfield, Cal. Abraham, W. E. V Member, Staff of Burmah Oil Co Ltd. Nyaunghla. Upper Burmz, India. Abrahams. Alexander I Gen'l Mgr., Racon Electrical Co Slough, Bucks England. tAbrahammn. C. W Min. Engr The Mond Nickel Co Ltd . Coniston, Ont Canada. IlAbmn. Guy W., Asst. Metallographist, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Research Dept., Youngstown. Ohio. Abstein. Henry T., Engr. & Mgr Profile-Tamarack Mines Co . .Yellow Pine, Idaho. tAcker. E. O'C Met I28 East Washington Lane. Germantown, Philadelphia. Pa. Ackerman. D. E Met. Research Lab International Nickel Co Inc Bayonne. N. J. tAbckerman. Ernest R Pres., Lawrence Portland Cement Co . .Plainfield. Union Co N. J. ||Ackerman. George F Jr. Min. Engr El Potosi Min. Co. .Apt. 13. Chihuahua, Chih Mexico. Acres, T. H Geol. Dept Valuation & Pet. Engr., Richfield Oil Co. 655 S. Flower St Los Angeles. Cal. Adachi. Jinzoo Address Wanted. Adair. Arthur C Valuation Enar., Internal Revenue. Treasury Dept., Washington, D. C. Adam. John. Min. Ennr., The Zinc Corp. Ltd., Box 4 C. Broken Hill, N. S. W Australia. Adami. Arthur E V. P Montana State School of Mines.Butte, Mont. Adami. Charles J Min. Ensr St. Joseph Lead Co 4540 Lindel Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. Adams. C. W.729 South Normandie St LaGranada Apt Los Angeles, Cal. Adams. Cmyler Geerwwd. Minn. Adams. F. J Gen'l Anent. Gulf Production & Pipa Line Cos .Fort Worth. Tex. ADAMS. FRANK DAWSON. Logan Prof. of Geology and Dean, Faculty of Applied Science, McGill Univ Montreal. Que Canada. Adama, Gale L Research Enar., General Pet. Corp. of California, Higgins Bldg Los Angeles. Cal. Adams. George I, Prof. of Geol. & Mineralogy Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala. Adams. H. H Cons. Geol Room 416, W. T. Waagoner Bldg Fort Worth. Tex. Adams, Henry. Cons. Min. Ennr 1050 Edgewood Ave., Plainfield, N. J. Adams, Henry H.285 Madison Ave., New York. N. Y. Adams, Henry Farnum. Engr., Charge. Experimental Work. Inspiration Concentrator, Inspiration Cons. Copper Co Box 354. Inspiration. Ariz. Adams. Huntington. Min. Enar I41 Broadway, New York. N. Y. Mama, Leland D., V. P., Leslie-California Salt Co 166 Montgomery St., San Francisco, Cal. Adams, Louis W., Illinois Steel Co .Gary. Ind.

Jan 1, 1929

By E. I. Larsen

Powder metallurgy has been described as being "as old as the pyramids and yet as new as the latest bomber." While this may be true literally, it has been only in the last Io or 1 5 years that widespread use has been made of this method of fabricating various articles One of the first items fabricated by powder metallurgical methods on a commercial scale was electrical contacts, which were fabricated from metal powders as early as 1920. The reason why these contacts have been made for so many years by powder metallurgy is because the compositions of most of these materials arc such that they could not be made by the conventional methods of melting, casting, rolling, drawing, etc. Classes of Contacts In general, electrical contacts fabricated from metal powders fall into two classes, both from the point of view of the method of fabrication and the components that make up the chemical composition. One class is composed of silver or copper and a refractory metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, or compounds thereof such as carbides. The second class contains a predominant amount of silver and a semi-refractory material such as cadmium oxide, nickel, cobalt, or graphite. Electrical contacts of the first class have been developed primarily as facing materials for heavy-duty circuit-interrupting devices. This class of material unites the high melting point, high boiling point, great resistance to electrical erosion, and the refractory characteristics of molybdenum, tungsten, or their carbides with the high thermal and electrical conductivities and low contact resistance properties of silver or copper. The second class of material is used for lighter duty or specialized applications such as heavy-duty, direct-current aircraft relays. Varieties Electrical contacts fabricated from metal powders are made in a wide variety of compositions, shapes, and sizes. In general, the sizes of electrical contacts fabricated from powders vary from contacts weighing approximately 0.001 oz. up to those weighing 3 to 4 Ib., the contacting face being as small as 0.001 sq. in. up to approximately 6 sq. in. in area. The shapes consist of: sound or rectangular buttons, some of which have radii or bevels on the contacting faces; rings, cups, rectangular bars, the contact face of which may have a radius across the width and/or at one end; and form-pressed pieces of a wide variety such as angles, both acute and obtuse, irregular shapes comprising a radius blended into a flat, which in turn may have steps. The size or shape of the contact is dictated principally by the mechanical design of the manufacturer, who in turn may have problems to be met such as: (I) size, weight, or space limitations; (2) electrical conditions such as blowout coils arc chutes, baffies, gas passages.

Jan 1, 1945

By L. F. Pett

ALTHOUGH Kennecott's orebody has long been outlined, it is still necessary to define further its limits. This mine, long an advocate of churn drill methods, recently supplemented its practice by using a diamond drill. So far, the diamond drill holes have been along the main canyon floor which traverses the mine area. This zone, highly fractured, is cut by numerous friable quartz veinlets encountered within the porphyry. These veinlets, formed by filling contracted porphyry fractures with hot, siliceous, mineral-bearing solutions, are often more highly mineralized than adjacent porphyry. They pulverize on contact, yielding only slight amounts of core.

Jan 7, 1951

By T. F. Witherbee

IT is proposed to give, first, a description of the works ; second, a report of the first six months of the present blast; and third, such improvements as have been suggested by the practical working. The site selected for this furnace was, at the time of commencing work, October, 1872, entirely covered by the navigable waters of Lake Champlain. A coffer-dam was first built of cribs of round timber filled with stone, forming three sides, while the shore answered for the fourth. Considerable excavating was done with a steam-dredge, a hole being left for it to pass out. The opening was then built up, and the cribbing banked up with blue clay from the bottom of the lake, to render it water-tight and the dam pumped out; the remainder of the excavating being done by hand. All of the foundations, with the exception of the elevator-tower, and fifteen feet of the east side of hot blast, rest on the Potsdam sandstone, which forms the shore line, dipping into the lake at an angle of fifteen degrees. Owing to jogs in the formation, a much greater depth was found necessary than was at first anticipated, the foundation under the stack

Jan 1, 1876

By S. H. Ash

IN no part of the world other than a small area in Pennsylvania is anthracite mining an industry of major magnitude. As the deposits of anthracite in the United States are limited virtually to Pennsylvania, the difficulties of this industry have been commonly considered a state rather than a national problem. However, there is also national interest in the conservation and wise utilization of all the country's fuel resources and in the control of interstate waterways. The anthracite industry is confronted with a serious problem of water accumulation in many of the mines, a problem that must be solved in the near future if progressively higher mining costs are to be avoided. It cannot be solved by the operating companies without state or Federal aid, or both, owing to the magnitude of the work required, the diversity of interests of the coal and surface ownerships, the hazard to the whole mining community, and interests affected outside the mining region. 'The costs of abating the ever-increasing surface seepage to mine workings and of handling this seepage once it has occurred are beyond the eco¬nomic resources of the operating managements.

Jan 1, 1941

I. C. WHITE, Morgantown, W. Va. (written discussion *).-The writer's conclusions with reference to the possibility of finding commercial deposits of petroleum in Brazil were published in 1908 in the Final Report of the Coal Commission of Brazil.1 Since this volume is not generally accessible, and the author has nothing to acid thereto, the following quotation found on pages 243-7 may prove of interest: The Possibility of Petroleum Deposits in Brazil "The writer has often been asked to express an opinion as to the possibility of finding petroleum in commercial quantity in Brazil. "The question is one that does not admit of an adequate answer except for the regions visited by the writer, which as already stated, include only, a portion of that great territory, and only the southern portion of Brazil; namely, the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catharina, Paraná, and a few rapid excursions across São Paulo, and Minas Geraes, as well as the brief visit to Marahú in Bahia. "That the sedimentary beds of the Brazilian Permian once held some petroleum is attested by the evidence of the Iraty black shale which gives off the characteristic odor of this substance from São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul.

Jan 1, 1918

By WILLIAM BOWIE

IN most human endeavors a knowledge of the terrain is essential to the effective carrying out of projects, but no line of work is more dependent on maps than theoretical and applied geology. Maps of a kind do exist for all of the area of the United States, but most of them are crude affairs and of little use in engineering, planning, and scientific research. Topographic mapping in the United States was initiated on a national scale by the U. S. Geological Survey and the organizations that were merged in its creation to make base maps for geologists. Their work could not be effectively done then and cannot be effectively done now without maps that accurately delineate the earth's surface. The distribution of the rock masses that contain valuable mineral bodies, or that by their intrusion brought them into existence, is the first step in a study of the mineral resources of the nation. This work requires three-dimensional maps, that is, topographic maps on which the land forms are shown by contours.

Jan 1, 1938

With the inauguration of Petroleum Technology this year, and approval by the Board to add an Assistant Secretary to the New York staff to serve the Petroleum and Coal Divisions, the Petroleum Division looks forward to greater opportunities and responsibilities. An improved medium of publication offers further incentive to engineers and investigators in the oil industry to make contributions. The authorization by the Board of Directors of a new Assistant Secretary is an appreciation of the splendid contributions made to the industry by the open forum of the Petroleum Division. It is also a recognition of the possibilities of greater service to the membership along the lines established ten to fifteen years ago by DeGolyer, Fohs, Ambrose and Lovejoy, to mention a few leaders. It isexpected that the new officer will spend a substantial part of his time in the field, visiting the student sections, the respective Divisions, helping in the arrangement of papers and Section meetings and intensifying interest in the Institute. The Petroleum Division will hold three meetings this year. The Fall Meetings will be held on Oct. 6 and 7 in San Antonio and on Oct. 20 and 21 in Los Angeles. The programs for these meetings will deal chiefly with engineering research and production engineering problems. Papers on production statistics and general economics of the industry are reserved for the Annual Meeting in New York. The annual production symposium and statistics are accepted as standard for the industry. With continuously deeper penetration into the earth in search for and exploitation of petroleum, it is necessary to have a better understanding of reservoir conditions and to place more phases of the operation under engineering control. Among the subjects relating to reservoir conditions tha thave been proposed for the fall meeting programs are phase equilibria at high pressures, interfacial tension between oil and water, the flow of oil and water through sands, the chemistry of films and underground temperatures. Investigations relating to control of operations include methods of continuously logging while drilling both visually and electrically, methods of studying drilling samples, properties of drilling fluids, improved cementing practices for isolating thin sands under high-temperature conditions and gas conservation, particularly production from high-pressure reservoirs. Additional suggestions of general themes or individual subjects will be welcomed, since it is desirable to build a backlog of material for Petroleum Technology. 9

Jan 1, 1938

By Dudley L. Davis, E. C. Peterson

INTRODUCTION THE Darwin District is 30 miles east of Olancha which is 220 miles north from Los Angeles via U. S. Highway No. 6. The ore deposits occur in the Darwin hills that have been elevated above the Darwin Plateau by typical basin and range-type faults. Some of these faults have been active quite recently as shown by the displacement of Quaternary (?) basalt flows and the rejuvenation of erosion in Darwin wash. The ore bodies occur as fissure fillings and replacement of favorable beddings in a thick series of Paleozoic limestones, dolomites, shales and quartzites. Rich oxidized lead-silver ores were discovered in the early seventies. By 1875, Darwin had a population of about 5000, and by 1880 several small mills and smelters had been built. Early exhaustion of surface ores, the isolated location of the district, and fluctuation of metal prices caused intermittent operations until World War II. The district production is estimated at about $3,000,000 prior to 1900 and perhaps $4,000,000 between 1900 and 1945 when Anaconda purchased the major producing mines. For the past two years, daily production has averaged 75 tons of direct shipping and 150 tons of milling-grade ore. At present, 300 tons of mixed oxide and sulphide ore are treated by flotation, the oxidized lead minerals being activated by addition of sodium sulphide after galena and sphalerite have been recovered from the circuit. Extraction averages 85 pct of the lead, 80 pct of the silver, and about 33 pct of the zinc in a bulk concentrate. The mill is designed so that minor changes permit selective flotation of pyritic lead-zinc ores encountered at depth. GENERAL GEOLOGY The oldest rocks in the Darwin hills are a series of Paleozoic limestones, dolomites, shales and quartzites probably Pennsylvanian in age. These rocks have been intruded on the west by the Coso granite batholith and on the east by a granodiorite stock. Numerous sills and dikes grading from orthoclase granite to gabbro are exposed in the underground workings. The sedimentary rocks have been considerably folded and faulted, the most prominent structure being a northwest pitching anticlinal fold, the crest of which lies just west of the ridge line of the Darwin hills. The east limb of this fold has been intruded by the granodiorite stock and east of the stock the sediments show several closely spaced anticlines and synclines. The minor flexures on the west flank of the major fold are structurally important in localizing the ore in the Defiance and Essex mines of the Darwin group. There are three principal systems of faulting and fissuring, most of which are post-intrusive and premineral in age, with minor amounts of postmineral movement. The Darwin tear fault is the largest, most persistent fault in the district. It strikes N 60 to 95°W, dips steeply south and is traceable for about 1o miles. It is a normal

Jan 1, 1947

By D. Harrington

ANNUAL or necessary inspections and investigations of coal mines for various purposes were made possible through the Federal Coal Mine Inspection Act of May 7, 1941, which authorized entry to the Secretary of the Interior through the Bureau of Mines. Primary object of these inspections is to obtain information pertaining to health and safety conditions. Among the purposes for which the data are to be used, are annual reports to Congress, the publication of inspection reports, and the compilation and publication of statistics. The act states that inspections and investigations shall be made by employees of the Bureau of Mines, who shall co-operate with other bureaus of the U. S. Department of the Interior, as well as with the official mine-inspection, safety cr health agencies of the several states and territories. The act specifies that a coal-mine inspector shall have "the basic qualifica-

Jan 1, 1946

By AIME AIME

A REQUEST for information as to the details of activities of the Engineering Council was made by the Joint Conference Committee for the benefit of the new American Engineering Council. , This request was complied with, and the scheduled reply so succinctly sets forth the activities of the old Council as well as the scope of possible activities of ,the new Council, about whose efforts there has been much discussion, .that it' is given herewith in full, except the 'budget which is summarized.

Jan 1, 1920

SEVERAL distinctions can rightfully be accorded the Bagdad enterprise. For one thing, it has the most romantic name among the Porphyry Coppers and this is said with all due deference to Copper Queen and Inspiration! Bagdad was one of the richest and most magnificent cities of the glamorous world of the Arabian Nights. The record does not say who was responsible for applying the name Bagdad to the company that in 191 1 took over the property of the Arizona-Nevada Copper Company; but whoever it was must have had visions (or at least hopes) of a fabulously profitable mine. So far as I know, Bagdad is the only Porphyry whose owners, or officials, ran afoul of the law because of alleged sins of omission or commission in vending shares of the company's stock. E. B. Bronson, of New York, had been interested in Bagdad since 1909; and, during the lean period of the 1930's he had, as president of the corporation, endeavored to raise needed funds by the sale of 140,000 shares of treasury stock. Some legal questions arose as to the need for registration under the Securities and Exchange Act; but, when Mr. Bronson finally filed a registration statement, the New York office of the Securities and Exchange Commission found 155 "deficiencies" in the document. According to the judge who later heard the criminal case against Bronson, no evidence was introduced to show that he had personally benefited "to the extent of one dollar." However, it was charged that the setup was such that he was in position to profit if he had wanted to! A somewhat quixotic position, it would seem. In any event, he was convicted, on highly technical

Jan 1, 1957