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Organization Place Date 1917 American Electrochemical Society Pittsburgh, Pa. Oct. 3-6 American Institute of Mining Engineers St. Louis, MO. Oct. 8-13 American Gas Institute : Washington, D. C. Oct. 16-19 American Institute of Architects Philadelphia, Pa. _ Dec.. 26-29 American Society of Mechanical Engineers New York City. Dec. 26-29 American Mining. Congress State Chapter Phoenix, Ariz. Dec. 26-29

Jan 10, 1917

By D. Rutledge

Discrete (digital) signal processing techniques are proving to be very valuable tools for miners using the block cave method. Waveform analysis of different measured signals associated with active mining provides valuable information on production dynamics and safe operation of the mine. For example, correlation of the 3D surface displacement velocity waveform and the production output waveform reveals a remarkably predictable time-varying physical process. Studying the geometrical and temporal relationship between these two signals opens a broad window through which new management techniques become apparent. In this paper we discuss the signal processing techniques used to study these relationships, as well as the related implications for mining. This research was carried out in association with the Chevron Mining underground molybdenum mine in Questa, New Mexico. Some of these new techniques will be integrated into the decision management process at the mine and will provide insight on ore production, draw control, and safe reclamation. The science of signal processing involves the analysis and interpretation of physical processes that vary with time. Two general categories of signals1 are recognized. A continuous signal is a waveform of varying amplitude that is continuous in time (such as a sine wave). A discrete signal is a sequence of quantized values. The independent time variable and amplitude are sampled periodically such that we only know the value and shape of the waveform at the sampling frequency. Displacements measured by a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver are an example of this. Discrete signals may be studied in the time, frequency, autocorrelation, or wavelet domains. In this paper the amount of ore extracted from the mine and the measured surface displacements are analyzed in the time domain.

Jan 1, 2008

By L. A. Bakhvalov

According to the practice of mining management in the system of industrial complexes, the Kazakhstan gold mines are part of the mine processing industrial concerns providing ore-mining and ore-dressing. The cycle technology of winning operations used at the mining of vein deposits in the mines of the industrial concern is mainly provided by the systems of scrapping, scipping and electric locomotion. At present the information and computer system, elaborated on the basis of the Maikain underground mine is intended for creation of the system of automatic operation for the industrial complex mines. The information and computer system includes: - parametres characterising the accepted technology of works; - the main parametres characterising the technical devices of operation and control ; - information about the material, technical and personnel resources available at the mine; - mining and geological conditions of the deposit; - the facilities of the subsidiary units, of the mine; - the direct parametres and technico-economical indices in which the mine efficacy and activity is estimated. The suggested structure of the automatic operation system can be sensibly realized with the application of the microprocessor on the first level, the personal computer IBM PC/XT or PC/AT on the second level. For the complete realization of the project each mine will need 4-5 computers (as PC/XT), one IBM PC/AT and each mine complex - one super IBM for creation of the distributed information bank and its including in the integral world communication system.

Jan 1, 1992

By Carlos Rivera

En el proceso de clausura de labores explotadas en a mina subterránea se emplean estructuras de cerramiento, con la finalidad de que estos sectores alcancen la seguridad física, química y protección ambiental en el interior de la unidad de producción y sus alrededores. Sin embargo, uno de los problemas que se presenta durante la explotación de la mina, responde a el abatimiento de la napa freática, donde los sistemas de drenaje captan y conducen el agua por las galerías ubicadas en los niveles inferiores de las minas, generando el Drenaje Ácido de Roca. Por ello, el presente texto señala la construcción de las estructuras de cerramiento proyectadas y construidas en un nivel freático para así reducir el oxígeno requerido para la formación del DAR. Asimismo, se muestra la estructura proyectada y construida en el Nivel 490 de la unidad de producción Julcani, perteneciente a la Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A. A y la aplicación práctica de los métodos usados para su diseño.

Sep 13, 2001

By Jack Eloranta

"This paper compares energy requirements for blasting, crushing and grinding. By tracking electricalconsumption for various powder factors, a general trend has appeared. This study involved over 100million tons of ore and powder factors ranging from .5 lbs/L,T to .8 lb&T. Actual energy usage iscompared to predicted energy based on the Bond equation."

Jan 1, 1998

By J. Chilton

The fact that methane ignitions continue to occur at the mining face indicates that monitoring with machine-mounted methanometers does not always indicate the presence of high methane concentrations. Methane concentrations at the face change quickly due to changes in airflow. By measuring these changes in airflow, it may be possible to predict changes in face methane levels more quickly. Currently there are no techniques or instruments to accurately measure airflow inby the mouth of the ventilation curtain or tubing. Tests conducted in the NIOSH ventilation test gallery compare the data provided by one-, two-, and three-axis ultrasonic anemometers. The effects of changes in airflow direction and turbulence on instrument readings are discussed, and guidelines are given for selecting the type of instruments to be used for monitoring airflow near the mining face.

Jan 1, 2007

By C. Lemire, A. Biscaro

Ferro-alloys are sold according to the size grading specifications of users. Fines are produced during crushing and the amount produced depends on the crushing process and the physical characteristics of the ferro-alloy. The market value of fines has declined. Market demand is very weak and in some extreme cases is nonexistent. An induction furnace melt process has been developed to solve this problem. The process feasibility has been demonstrated on a small scale with charges of approximately 2.5 kg. The piloting was carried out using a 100 kW furnace with a metal liquid capacity of 140 kg. The operating parameters were determined during the pilot process. The procedures were defined and the equipment required for melting fines produced at the client's site was sized. With the production of ingots, the client can now recover the full value of ferro-alloy fines.

Jan 1, 2004

A clay binding agent has been investigated to enhance flotation recovery of bitumen from Canadian high fines oil sand in the Clark Hot Water Extraction (CHWE) process. Selective adsorption on fine particles and subsequent agglomeration are critical for the success of clay binder enhanced oil sand flotation. A number of flotation tests have been performed at different reagent dosages under different operating conditions such as pulp pH to evaluate the reagent performance. Dissipative Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM-D) analyses of clay binder adsorption on quartz were carried out to better understand process mechanisms. It has been found that use of clay binder in flotation resulted in an absolute bitumen recovery increase of 18%, 25%, and 11% for the high-, medium-, and low-grade oil sand samples, respectively. The QCM-D analyses have revealed that the clay binder was strongly adsorbed on the SiO2 surface.

Jan 1, 2012

By W. H. Bassett

THE ease and value of the application of spectrum analysis to industrial chemistry appears to be appreciated in few of the large works laboratories of this country. For 8 years, this analysis has been of great value to the authors in both analytical and metallurgical work. To the analyst the complete qualitative analysis of an unknown alloy, revealed by a spectrogram, is a sure basis for the planning of the most direct and rapid method of attack. As the determination of each element proceeds, the purity of precipitates may be checked as often as desired. The spectrograph proves invaluable in the recognition of impurities, the separation of which would entail a lengthy and difficult procedure, or when the weight of an unknown is less than is necessary to complete the desired determinations. A few hundredths of a gram will usually suffice for spectrographic analysis. In the separation of the rarer elements, the spectrograph will show, with precision, the point where each step has been successful. In zinc of certain classes, indium, gallium, and germanium have been isolated in this way; the presence of antimony in lake coppers has been proved; and bismuth has been detected in zinc and in alloys where the presence of a few thousandths of a per cent. would be harmful. An antimony precipitate in a delicate determination may contain a considerable proportion of tin or arsenic, both of which will be revealed. The spectrograph is consequently important to the metallurgist as well as to the analyst.

Jan 2, 1922

By Thomas B. Douglas

INSTRUMENTATION in the process industries can no longer be regarded as a convenience, but rather an absolute necessity. Although many chemical processes must already be conducted with instruments, every properly designed application of automatic process control will improve operation: 1) the product will be more uniform and of higher quality; 2) the manual labor saved will reduce cost; 3) uniformity of flow and uniform control of process will increase production; and 4) surges will be eliminated, making it possible to operate equipment near ultimate capacity at all times. Industrial instruments fall into two general classifications—those that measure and those that measure and control. The cement industry has been using instruments for a number of years, particularly in the burning process, primarily for indicatlng and recording. Automatic process control makes additional use of these instruments, and others, to control variables. Assisted by the instrument manufacturers, engineers at Ideal Cement Co. achieved considerable progress in determining how well the usual recording instruments could be made to control various phases of cement-making. The results of these experiments were used to make the new plant at Houston as wholly automatic as possible. The original Houston plant, built in 1937 by Gulf Portland Cement Co., consisted of only one 8 x 220-ft kiln and the necessary grinding mills and accessory equipment and had a capacity of 900 bbl per day (300,000 bbl annually). Ideal Cement Co. purchased this plant in 1940 and almost immediately started plans to increase its production. In 1941 a 9 x 220-ft kiln was installed and grinding and storage capacity were increased. The growing demand for cement in the Houston area necessitated a third kiln (9 ft 6 in. x 250 ft) in 1947. This brought the plant up to its present capacity of about 1.3 million bbl per year. Calcium silicates in cement are produced in a burning operation at high temperatures from raw mix of argillaceous and calcareous materials that have been crushed, mixed, and ground to a fine powder. The composition of this mixture must be kept consistent within narrow limits. Raw mixing and grinding may be done either wet or dry, but in both instances the materials must be correctly proportioned, finely ground, and thoroughly intermixed before entering the kiln. As the raw mix passes through a long horizontal rotary

Jan 1, 1959

The mining industry continues to experience a skills shortage and this is having an impact on the ability of mining companies to operate sustainably. Apart from a few exceptions, there is a dearth of geologists, mining engineers, metallurgists as well as environmental scientists and other professionals in the global mining industry. This relates to both quantity and quality. It makes good business sense for mining companies to employ local professionals rather than expensive expatriate staff. In some cases a mining company could employ more than 10 local mining engineers for the cost of one expatriate. However, in many countries local professionals are not always equipped professionally to work on mine sites. The result is that many companies are not operated optimally due to human resources gaps. In some cases, particularly in key areas such as mine planning, this threatens the sustainability of the operation or at the very least results in sub-optimal resource utilisation. This paper briefly presents some of the issues and strategies being implemented and that might be implemented to maintain a sustainable supply of quality minerals graduates to the industry in 2011 and beyond.

Jan 1, 2011

By P Wood

Loy Yang Power (LYP) owns and operates a 2160 MW brown coal fired, base load power station in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia (Loy Yang A). It also owns and operates a brown coal mine that supplies fuel to its own power station and a nearby 1000 MW power station owned by International Power (LoyYang B). The mine supplies 32 Mt of coal per annum from an open pit, which is currently about 4 km long by 2 km wide and 180 m deep. LYP has 500 employees and a substantial amount of work is also carried out by contractors and consultants. GHD Pty Ltd(GHD) has been contracted to provide mine planning and earth sciences expertise. GHD is an international professional services company that operates globally in many market sectors including mining, industry and the environment. The company has major offices in Melbourne and also within the Latrobe Valley. This paper sets out the experiences that GHD and LYP have gained in establishing a unique alliance arrangement for GHD to provide a range of mine planning, earth science, dam surveillance and environmental services to LYP. The underlying philosophy of the alliance is to closely align the objectives of the two companies such that GHDÆs recompense for service delivery is proportional to the benefit achieved by LYPÆs business. Quality of service, whole of life costs and risk management are important aspects and are reflected in key performance indicators against which GHDÆs performance is measured. Currently GHD provide 20 000 hours of labour to LYP per annum, which are delivered by up to 120 staff who possess the required diversity of skills. The paper explains how the contract was initially let as a conventional service agreement and explains why the contract was transformed into an alliance. It then illustrates the operation of the alliance with reference to the 2006 work program. The paper concludes with thoughts on how the arrangement can be further developed for the future to the benefit of both parties.

Jan 1, 2006

By A. D. Davis

The former Homestake gold mine at Lead, South Dakota, has been selected by the National Science Foundation as the proposed host site for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory. The deep laboratory and associated research campus will be developed at approximately the 7700-ft level. Plans also include the development of the Sanford Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory at the 4850-ft level. After the mine?s pumps were shut off in June, 2003, water levels rose to approximately the 4650-ft level by early 2008. Pumps in the 8150-ft deep mine were turned on again for dewatering in April, 2008. Instrumentation is being installed in the mine to measure water-level declines during pumping, for later analysis of permeability and related hydraulic properties of the formation. Pressure-sensitive transducers and data loggers will provide real-time information on water levels that will be available to interested parties. Quality of the water also will be monitored as it is pumped from the mine. I

Jan 1, 2009

By Ryo Sasai, Takeshi Itakura, Haruki Imaizumi, Hideaki Itoh

"Emission of industrial wastewater containing harmful oxoanions is one of the serious problems on account of its toxicity and the environmental pollution, especially caused by boric, phosphinic, arsenic and antimonic species. In this study, we developed a novel treatment technique of such polluted-water by hydrothermal mineralization. The treatment is “Geomimetic” method for precipitating oxoanions in aqueous media as natural ore resources by using hydrothermal treatment with calcium salts mineralizer. The treatment made it possible not only to detoxify the polluted-water, but also to recover the calcium minerals such as Ca2B2O5·H2O, Ca5(AsO4)3(OH), etc. Concentration of each ion in treated-water was lower than that of effluent standard in Japan. Moreover, the residual concentration of each ion was independent of the initial concentration, but it depends only on the solubility of the formed mineral under hydrothermal condition. Therefore, the hydrothermal treatment could be recommended as one of the treatment techniques of polluted-water.IntroductionVarious oxoanions such as boron and arsenic oxo-anions have high toxicity against human health and the environment. They are important resources, however, for plating or advanced material manufacturing industries[1-3], from which the wastewater containing these oxoanions is generated every day. An appropriate treatment is often required for industrial wastewaters to attain national effluent standards of Japan (NESJ, B: 10 mg/dm3, As: 0.1 mg/dm3). On the other hand, there is no production of arsenic and boric resources in Japan, and they are expected to be recycled. Therefore, the establishment of a system for the removal and recycling of arsenic and boron from wastewaters is of global significance.Several methods to remove them from aqueous media have been already reported by using adsorption[4], electro-coagulation[5], membrane separation[6-8] and biological techniques[9]. However, these methods have the following problems because of their stability in water. (1) Removal yield is low, especially for tri-valent arsenite ion (AsIIIO3 3-) and borate ion. (2) The applicable concentration range is narrow. In addition, the used adsorbents or collected residues after treatments are sill hazardous wastes, so that they must be treated by a proper method. But, it is very difficult to convert them to recyclable resources at most industrial plants. These problems are caused by the difficulty to recover these oxoanions as stable solid precipitates with low solubility in water. The establishment of recycling system of these hazardous compounds will be one of the world-important issues, especially, in Japan, which is poor in natural resources. On the other hand, compounds that contain high arsenic concentrations and are insoluble in water, are often found in natural minerals, for example, as haidinglite (Ca(AsO3OH)·(H2O) or Johnbaumite (Ca5(AsO4)3(OH)). This fact suggests that nature has an ability to produce insoluble As-bearing minerals. Similar phenomena can be found in case of boron, antimony, etc."

Jan 1, 2008

By S. Marsland

Reference materials have always been important for validating and controlling analytical methods. They have recently become even more important as quality requirements have become more stringent and customer demands for properly verified and controlled results increase. Clients, especially from the resource exploration industry, demand critical validation of all results reported. Mintek has been producing geological and semi-processed ore references since the early 1970s and recently, due to increase in demand, other manufactures have entered the South African market. This paper describes analytical challenges from the customers? perspective, the customers being metallurgists, mine geologists, environmental scientists and geologists from resource companies. Reference materials with their appropriate use and a good understanding, can aid greatly in building confidence in the results, choosing the right laboratory for a project, deciding which set of results is correct and providing evidence to the customers? clients that the best possible results have been obtained

Jan 1, 2007

By William H. Dresher

Introduction A subject long debated but rarely resolved involves the interaction between the academic community and industry in the sponsorship and conduct of research. The subject is, unfortunately, too often treated as a controversy involving ethics and the profit motive. But, in fact, the two branches of society - industry and academia - are necessarily part of the same system. In the last 25 years, the realization has developed that research alone is not sufficient to bring about use of those results to benefit society through productivity gains and economic growth. The flow of events shown in Fig. 1 was generally believed to be the steps required for reaping the benefits of research. Today, research still has the very important role of creating new information or new ideas. However, it is recognized to be but one of many steps in a process that we now refer to as technological innovation. Charpie (1967) said, "Technological innovation is the driving force behind economic growth in the US. In this context, innovation means the process by which a new idea is successfully translated into economic impact within our own society, by providing better products, and simultaneously creating new jobs in the manufacturing of those products. Only after an investigation is put into sufficient use to have an economic effect, is it termed an innovation." One of the best depictions of the technological innovation process is shown in Figs. 2 and 3. These are adapted from Haeffner (1975), and modified by the Committee on Mineral Technology of the National Research Council (1981). Figure 2 identifies the many steps involved in the process. It designates a generalized form for interaction between the academic community and industry. Figure 3 identifies the steps in the "innovation activity" box of Fig. 2. Academia is generally responsible for developing of new knowledge and ideas, as well as maintaining and enlarging the collected body of scientific knowledge. Industry is responsible for developing new products, methods, and processes. Both institutions operate for the benefit of society, but under different driving forces. In academia, the driving force is the achievement of academic excellence. In industry, the driving

Jan 10, 1984

By R. C. Bratton, R. Q. Honaker

Hindered-bed separators are recognized as low-cost, high-capacity devices for both classification and density separation; however, since their inception, there have been few significant advances in the fundamental technology. Recently, Eriez has shown through modeling and pilot-scale testing that the innovative approach to feed presentation offered in the CrossFlow teeter-bed separator provides improved metallurgy when compared to traditional hindered-bed classifiers or single-stage coal spirals. This design feature prevents excess water from entering the separation chamber and disrupting the overall fluidization flow rate within the teeter zone. Most recently, a side-by-side industrial scale evaluation has verified that this technology improves overall efficiency and simultaneously reduces the separation cut-point. With regards to coal processing, data from full-scale units indicate that the CrossFlow offers good separation efficiency, high unit capacity, and metallurgical results consistent with laboratory- and pilot-scale separators.

Jan 1, 2006

By T. G. Joseph

Mines must manage variability from within their operations as well as those imposed upon them by external forces. This paper provides a framework to manage both internal and external variability through the review and adjustment of the mine plan where applicable to minimize lost production and maintain operational safety.

Nov 1, 2011

By Alec C. Bloem

A 55' deep excavation encompassing almost a city block in London, Ontario required a lateral earth retention system to provide both temporary excavation support and a permanent groundwater cut-off wall for a proposed office complex. The system selected was an interlocking Drilled Shaft wall with 3-4 levels of tiebacks. The specifications required the system to be designed for movements or settlements around the excavation of ¼" max. Design to be by the Contractor with design parameters and a comprehensive soils report provided. An extensive system of instrumentation in the form of inclinometers and survey targets were used to monitor vertical and horizontal movements of the shoring system and adjacent properties. Introduction The project, One London Place, is a two phase office tower development in downtown London, Ontario. Phase one consists of a 24 storey office tower on the northwest part of the site, with five levels of below ground parking over the entire site "Figure 1". A second office tower will be constructed at a future date.

Jan 1, 1991

By A. R. Denison

The area discussed in this report comprises a group of 38 counties lying in the northeast corner of Texas. It covers all, and extends beyond, the borders of what is commonly described as the East Texas Basin. It includes two major oil fields, Van and East Texas; two major gas fields, Bethany and Waskom; and a number of fields, both oil and gas, of lesser importance. All commercial oil production comes from beds of Upper Cretaceous age and almost exclusively from the basal member, the Woodbine sand. Gas is produced from both Upper and Lower Cretaceous beds with the newer production from the older beds. East Texas Field This field continued as in 1932 and 1933 to dominate the drilling and production situation throughout the oil business. A total of 3681 producing wells was completed in this field during 1934. This is an increase of 1215 over the 2466 producers completed during 1933. Total wells

Jan 1, 1935