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By P. Barnes

IF it be admitted that the use of the metric system of measurement is desirable, and that it will be well, as urged by one of our engineering societies, to show upon all our plans or drawings a metric scale in addition to a scale of inches, then it becomes important to introduce some ready means of drawing these scales. For many present purposes it is quite sufficient to space off and to draw them with the common dividers and the right-line pen, but if the number of drawings made or copied in an engineer's office, and upon which scales must be shown, is more than two or three daily, then some more mechanical or automatic means should be provided. For a great majority of detail drawings, a simple transcript of the surface of a good two-foot rule would answer every purpose, and probably the best comparative showing of the metric scale would be made by drawing a line of millimeters close by the side of the line of sixteenths. This would be in fact little more than the

Jan 1, 1877

By Stuart M. Buck

The term "splint" seems to have been adopted to describe the fracture of the hard bituminous coals of West Virginia. It is not a scientific name, but rather a trade term, and does not indicate a correspondence with English splint. At present it is a popular word, and is very loosely applied to coals of various qualities, in the desire & improve their sale. The Kanawha splint is distinguished by its hardness, dull lustre, coarse fibrous structure, its purity, and especially its resistance to atmospheric influence. It kindles very readily, burns with a bright flame, but does not cake, so that a lump when half consumed, may be broken by a slight blow in its plane of cleavage, though it will resist a strong blow in any other direction. I have seen pieces that have been exposed to frost and sun

Jan 1, 1882

As it is the plan of the War Department to return 400,000 soldiers a month during the next four months, Colonel Arthur Woods, Special Assistant Secretary f War, has requested the Engineering Societies to assist the Government by soliciting their members to advise the respective societies, at the earliest possible moment, f any place where companies can employ returned soldiers. This request applies not only to the professional men who are returning but also to the miners, mechanics and other skilled labor among the enlisted men. Army discipline has not only made these men think more quickly but also more willing and obedient workers. The whole training has been conducive to regular habits and clean living steadying these men and fitting them to meet emergencies more quickly and has instilled more loyalty to their superiors and to their jobs. Further, the military instruction they have received has increased the men's powers f concentration. The War Department cannot too strongly bring before the employers of skilled labor the fact that the employment f discharged soldiers will be advantageous to the employer and economically beneficial to the country. The following is a list of the vocations of the men who are now returning:

Jan 6, 1919

By James E. McNulty

Coal reserve estimates are prepared using a simple equation: the product of area, bed thickness, density and recovery factors. Each of these elements involves a degree of risk based on certain assumptions. Reserve area, thickness and density rely on certain physical data whose accuracy, reliability and sufficiency may be problematical. Estimates of recovery factors for mining and coal preparation are often subjective. Most reserve estimates assume, sometimes incorrectly, that the subject reserves will be completely extracted. The principle that certain coal resources are reserves, if they can be considered economically recoverable at the time of determination, needs to be reexamined in the light of recent market cycles. Reserve estimating requires the exercise of judgments, the validity of which reflect the qualifications, experience and objectivity of the estimator.

Jan 1, 1985

S. F. EMMONS RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP. The movement was started by a number of the friends and admirers of the late S. F. Emmons, Economic Geologist of the United States Geological Survey, to perpetuate his name through a fellowship to be known as the ?S. F. Emmons Research Fellowship," and they have succeeded in raising some $13,000 for the purpose of carrying on research work in economic geology. The Committee in charge of this Memorial Fund has succeeded in obtaining the co-operation of Professors Kemp, of Columbia, Irving, of Yale, and Lindgren, of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the administration of this fellowship. These three gentlemen are respectively geologists of the institutions mentioned and are exceptionally qualified to determine in what direction the fund can be best administered. It is hoped that additional contributions will be forthcoming from many who have heard of this movement. Subscriptions are invited and may be sent to any one of these gentlemen, or to Benjamin B. Lawrence, Treasurer, No. 60 Wall Street, New York City.

Jan 10, 1913

Briefly, can you relate how you got into the minerals industry and some of your experiences as an executive, engineer, and administrator? Also would you tell ME about your affiliation with the Society of Mining Engineers of AIME? Roseburg, Ore., was where I was born and raised. It was, and still is a lumbering town; it couldn't have been any farther from mining. Upon graduation from high school, I turned 18 and, having already signed up with the Army Corps of Engineers, I was in the service eight days after my birthday. Four months later I was in New Guinea. As an amphibious engineer, I saw many of the Pacific and Philippine Islands, and ended up in Japan just a few days after the war was over. In later years, my work took me back to several of the places I had been during the war.

Jan 3, 1978

By John V. Beall

The Glidden Co., a newcomer to the mining industry, will be putting on stream its Lakehurst mine and concentrator this spring. Ilmenite-bearing placer sands will be mined and concentrated in a spanking new combination gravity, magnetic and high-tension separation plant. Glidden, well known as a paint, chemical and food manufacturer, consumes titanium dioxide as pigment in its paint business. The commodity is produced at the company's Adrian D. Joyce Works in Baltimore from ilmenite purchased in India and Australia, The Lakehurst operation, handily located in Ocean County, N. J., will dampen any deficiencies in quantity or price which might occur from foreign suppliers. This objective is no overnight concoction of The Glidden Co., because the move at Lakehurst was preceded by an attempt to start up in Florida. That project was abandoned when it was found that the titanium dioxide values were largely in rutile-a mineral which does not lend itself readily to the digestion process of the Baltimore chemical plant.

Jan 1, 1962

Bellows Connector Fabricated of chemically inert Teflon, the new bellows type connector has many pipe line applications where vibration, expansion and electrolysis exist in the handling of corrosive liquids or gases and solvents. The new connector is electrically non-conductive, flexible even at 94°F and as strong as 480°F as at 70°F, according to the manufacturer. This bellows connector serves as a [ ] vibration dampener as well as an expansion joint and connects misaligned couplings and insulates flanges electrically. End flanges of the joint are French-type envelope gaskets made integral with the joint for easy assembly between companion flanges and a tight, leak-proof seal on installation. Circle No. 1

Jan 1, 1952

Canadian owned Lake are carriers will be used again this year in an attempt to make up the deficit caused by the two months steel-strike. Buffalo mills need between 5 million and 6 million tons of ore before the Lakes navigation season ends. Mutual Security Program aid will help reactivate Austria's largest iron ore mine. The Erzberg development is one of the moat important in Europe. MSA announced approval of $500,000 in supplemental financing of equipment. Following the war, the Russians stripped the Erzberg and Radmar deposits of equipment. The he Carborundum Corp. is going to build a $2.44 million plant at Akron, NO.. TOP near Niagara Falls for production of rare metals used by the Atomic Energy Commission. A subsidiary, the Carborundum Metals Co., Inc.,, will produce zirconium, hafnium sponge metals. The pyrochlore rich Sukulu Hills in Eastern Uganda will be mined under a pool arrangement including Tinto Mines, Monsanto Chemicals and Frobisher Mines. The combine will be known as the Uganda Development Corp., Pyrochlore is used in the manufacture of heat-resisting. alloys for Jet engines.

Jan 1, 1952

By Robert W. Coughlin

Pulverized coal has been introduced at the anode where it is oxidized during the electrowinning of metals from their aqueous solutions This substitutes an electrochemical reaction between coal and water for the usual oxygen-evolving half-cell reaction at the anode, with the result that overall cell potential is significantly lowered and the consumption of electrical energy is correspondingly reduced. Experimental results are reported for electrowinning copper as an example of this novel modification of the electrowinning process in this example, the use of coal lowered the consumption of electricity by two-thirds of the requirement of the conventional process When the potential electrical energy of the coal consumed is considered the new, coal-assisted process consumes about 45% less energy, and the energy costs (combined costs of coal and electricity) are reduced by about 50%.

Jan 1, 1981

A. K. McCosh, Coatbridge, Scotland (written discussion*).-It is well known in Great Britain that oven operators in the United States have been able to reduce the coking time much below European standards by the employment of higher temperatures. Our linings have always been the factor that has prevented our doing the same, and it would be of much interest to coke-oven operators here if Mr. Blauvelt would give a typical analysis of the bricks his company uses for the linings of its ovens, and if he could see his way to send me a sample so that I could have the texture examined, I should personally be very much obliged. The lining brick which my company has found most successful is of a ganister variety, and has the following analysis: Silica, 80.8 per cent.; alumina and iron oxide, .17.8 per cent.; lime, 0.8 per cent.; magnesia, 0.07 per cent.; but with this brick the least carelessness on the gas regulator's part may destroy the lining. It would also be of interest if Mr. Blauvelt could give the temperatures of the air leaving these generators and also of the oven flues.

Jan 10, 1918

By R. Neilson Clark

THE coal-beds of Canyon City are situated six miles below the town, upon the Arkansas River. At this point the Rocky Mountains have thrown out from their main ridge two spurs. The one to the north, containing Pike's Peak and Cheyenne Mountain, is known as part of the "Rim Range;" the one to the west and south is known as the "Greenhorn Range." Against these syenitic mountains, the later rocks are piled and uplifted ; at right angles to the direction of this main uplift is the axis of a lesser plication. On the north, west, and south, the pitch is steep, gradually flattening as it approaches the centre of the basin and rising again to the east at a pitch of about 5", thus forming a perfect basin, the centre of which is only three miles east of the base of the Greenhorn Range.

By Robert W. Edwards

The Morris mine, operated by the Inland Steel Co., is located about 5 miles west of Ishpeming, Mich., near the west end of the Marquette Range. The ore, a soft hematite, is mined by sublevel caving and stoping. A considerable amount of surface water flows down through the cave into the ore or percolates down along footwall dikes in the iron formation. Because of this water, the broken ore cannot be stored in the raises and must be scraped from the sub directly into the tram cars. Efficient tramming, therefore, requires close coordination between the scraping and loading operations. In the past this has been hampered by the lack of a suitable means of communication between the mining contracts and the drawpoints on the tramming levels. Among the devices that have been tried unsuccessfully are flashing lights, air whistles, and electric buzzers.

Nov 1, 1955

By Robert Glass Cleland

IN gathering material for this book, I have made extensive use of the archives of Phelps Dodge, contemporary news- papers, and a wide range of secondary sources. Two manuscripts-one on the history of Phelps Dodge by Arthur Train, Jr., and John L. Lawler, the other a biography of William E. Dodge by Richard Lowitt-have been of the greatest value. I owe a particular debt to the authors whose names I have just mentioned. I have also gathered important information and obtained revealing points of view from conversations with many people. Personal visits to the company's mines and plants added knowledge and understanding that nothing else was able to supply. I am greatly obligated to the officers of the company, especially to Mr. Louis S. Cates, chairman of the board of directors, Mr. Robert G. Page, president, Mr. George R. Drysdale, vice-president of Phelps Dodge Corporation, and Mr. Walter C. Bennett, president of Phelps Dodge Refining Corporation, for their co-operation and assistance. Mr. Wylie Brown, former president of Phelps Dodge Copper Products Corporation, also supplied valuable data and deeply appreciated hospitality. In my visits to the Phelps Dodge properties, company representatives extended every hospitality and placed at

Jan 1, 1952

PASSING over the derivation of the word as well as the description of the alum that has been written of as a liquid and that was once called natta, I tell you that the alum that is commonly called rock alum today is a congealed earthy substance, clear and transparent, of a hot and dry nature, and of a bitter taste with a certain unctuous saltiness. It has an astringent and corrosive property and is drawn from mineral stones by means of art. All that I have seen is of the same nature but of two colors,

Jan 1, 1942

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M., except on holidays. It contains about 70,000 volumes and 90,000 pamphlets, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library, through its Library Service Bureau, can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive especial attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and photographic copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information on the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is .desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape.

Jan 6, 1917

As is known to representatives on Engineering Council, the Patents Committee of Council has collaborated with the similar committee of National Research Council in developing a scheme for the improvement of the method of dealing with patents in this country. The staff of the Patent Office is itself actively engaged in this effort. Out of the report prepared by the National Research Council, and approved and adopted by Engineering Council as the report also of its Patents Committee, remedial legislation has taken form. Three hills have been introduced, known as H.R. 5011, a bill to make the Patent Office independent of the Department of the Interior or any other department, and to simplify the procedure of the Courts with reference to assessment of damages or profits for infringement of patents; H.R. 5012, a bill to establish a single Court of Patent Appeals; and H.R. 7010, a bill to increase the force and salaries in the Patent Office. Chairman Charles A. Terry, of the Patents Committee, requests that representatives of Engineering Council write to their congressmen, urging the passage of these hills and so far as convenient, request their friends to do likewise.

Jan 9, 1919

By Roland W. Rammler

With oil consumption increasing more rapidly than known reserves in industrial countries, there has been a growing interest in the production of synthetic crude oil. The main starting materials for such production are coal, oil shale and tar sand, all of which occur in enormous quantities in North America. A process sequence suitable for all three of these starting materials incorporates a preliminary retorting step to produce oils for subsequent hydrotreating. For this retorting step, a technique known as the Lurgi-Ruhrgas process has proven highly efficient. The process has been commercially used for the flash carbonization of coal and has also been tested in pilot- plant experiments with oil shale and tar sand.

Jan 1, 1970

By A. R. Sims

Are from the Greater Butte Project is hoisted through the new Kelley shaft. In 1946 when plans were formulated for the Kelley mine, two test cave blocks were mined by using the facilities of the old St. Lawrence mine. These blocks, known as the Adams No. 1 and Adams No. 2, produced more than half a million tons of ore. The experiment proved beyond all doubt that cave mining was possible- and economical-in Butte. Adams No. 1 was patterned after Inspiration cave blocks. Adams No. 2 was a slusher type, with the slusher lane on the first floor above the haulage crosscut and at right angles to it. Thirty-horsepower electric hoists slushed ore from 48-in. scraper buckets directly into cars for haulage to the shaft. These cars were the 57-cu ft Granby type hauled by 6-ton battery locomotives over 40-lb, 18-in. gage track. Prior to this time the largest slushing machines used at Butte were 15-hp electric hoists pulling 36-in. scrapers.

Dec 1, 1956

By Ross W. Smith, Mine-Yun Hwang

Many studies have been made of the microflotation of quartz (de Bruyn, 1955; Fuerstenau, 1957; Somasundaran, 1964; Smith, 1973; Fuerstenau, 1976; and Smith and Akhtar, 1976) and alumina (Somasundaran, 1964; Smith and Akhtar, 1976; Fuerstenau and Palmer, 1976; Fuerstenau and Akhtar, 1976; Fuerstenau and Yamada, 1963; Modi and Fuerstenau, 1960) using various anionic and cationic heteropolar hydrocarbon surfactants as collectors. A few studies have been made on these materials using amphoteric hydrocarbon collectors (Wrobel 1969 and 1970; Smith. Haddenham, and Schroeder, 1973; Gupta and Smith, 1975) and only a few studies have been made on the use of fluorocarbon surfactants as flotation collectors Cooke and Talbot, 1955; Somasundaran and Kulkami, 1973). The present investigation compares microflotation response of the two minerals in hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon collector systems of the anionic, cationic, and amphoteric types. An attempt is made to relate flotation response of the minerals to their electrokinetic behavior and the pKa values of the collectors.

Jan 1, 1981