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By L. G. Laureau

This paper is presented to call the attention of steel-manufacturers to the need of further reform in the manner of casting and handling ingots. The problem of making the work usually performed in and around the casting-pit less dangerous to the men and less costly to the management is one which has occupied the minds

Jan 1, 1885

By Robert D. Thomson

Listed among strategic and critical minerals for stockpiling, mica is an important raw material in electronic and electrical equipment industries. Each year large quantities are consumed in the manufacture of television and radio tubes, radar sets, generators, transformers, electric toasters, and irons. Crude mica, which comes from the mine in crystals or in rough books of various shapes and sizes, is known as run-of-mine or book mica. Structural imperfections, impurities, rough edges, and defective laminae are removed by cobbing, rifting, and trimming to produce a marketable block mica or film mica. After the rough books have been hand-cobbed to remove adhering rock, dirt, and crushed or defective mica they are rifted, or split. In the U.S. a straight-bladed knife is generally used for rifting. Products of this operation are classed broadly as untrimmed sheet mica and scrap.

May 1, 1956

By Paul H. Lu

This paper proposes an unconventional, simple, and practical method of measuring mining-induced ground stresses with hydraulic borehole pressure cells. The method is a direct ground stress measuring technique. It does not require the value of deformation modulus for back-calculation of stresses; instead, it directly measures the ground stress in situ. The applicability and practicality of the technique are shown by two case studies. The technique may be applied to monitoring a stress buildup that may lead to mine roof failure or to rock and coal outbursts.

Jan 1, 1984

By Charles J. Speake, Dennis R. Haley, Thomas E. Finch

As there exists a strong trend to computer assisted mine design, this twofold presentation will emphasize an examination of the parameters wed to create a mine design computer program. The program results are a first-order engineering design and evaluation of methods wed to handle the parting or inner burden found in thick-seam western surface coal mines. The alternative selections are draglines, backhoes, scrapers, front-end loaders, shovels, and bucket wheel excavators used in direct stow or haul-back techniques. The computer program wed in the design selection will be explained and typical input and output information shown.

Jan 1, 1980

By R. N. Kust, J. C. Agarwal, H. E. Barner, N. Beecher, D. S. Davies

Kennecott Copper Corp. has developed a new hydro-metallurgical process for extracting nickel, copper, cobalt and molybdenum from manganese nodules. This process (KCC Cuprion Process) utilizes a reduction leach operating at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 45 OC to 50°C and has been successfully demonstrated in a continuous pilot plant processing 350 kg/d of nodule ore. The chemistry, basic flowsheet and operating characteristics are presented and discussed.

Jan 1, 1980

By K. Hanumantha Rao, T. C. Rao, M. Vanangamudi

The effects of important variables such as pulp density, feed size, furnace oil dosage, degree of agitation, and time of agglomeration on the yield and ash content of the agglomerates obtained from the oil agglomeration of coal fines have been studied in a laboratory batch agglomeration cell. Optimum conditions for maximum yield and throughput have been discussed. The furnace oil dosage and pulp density were found to have more influence on the yield and grade of the agglomerates than the degree of agitation and feed size in the ranges studied.

Jan 1, 1983

By J. P. Smith

Permian salt measures carry extensive lenses of soluble potash salts in north central Germany. Potash deposits of Oligocene age are found in the Upper Rhine Graben of Alsace (France), and in the Catalonian Basin of Spain. These deposits are found in a wide range of structural settings. Reserves are large, and the production of potash salts is an important phase in the economy of each of these countries.

Jan 1, 1950

By R. B. Fuller

DURING the summer of 1949, the United Nations Scientific Conference on the Conservation and Utilization of Resources met at Lake Success. As summed up by one writer, the purpose was: "That everyone will try to learn how to feed more people from an acre of land." That objective is a stimulus to the phosphate rock industry as well as other industries.

Jan 8, 1951

By Donald E. Freshcorn

The minimum sulphur level which can be attained during fluid bed roasting of zinc sulfide concentrates is largely determined by the residual sulfates of calcium, magnesium, and zinc. The fractional conversion of these elements to their respective sulfates is derived from semi- empirical relationships, and multiple regression analysis is used to fit the relationships to experimental data from a commercial fluidized bed roaster. The resulting equation shows that the calcine leaving the roaster contains almost no zinc sulfate, nearly all of the calcium is present as calcium sulfate, and the amount of magnesium sulfate formed is primarily dependent upon the roaster temperatures.

Jan 1, 1976

By V. Rajaram, H. W. Earnest, A. W. Jenike

Mine backfilling is a desirable method for the disposal of retorted oil shale. Hydraulic, mechanical and pneumatic transport and stowing methods were investigated, and the mechanical transport and stowing method using conveyors was selected as the most promising system. Transport of retorted oil shale at the rate of 2700 t/h (3000 stph) to the backfill level, situated about 610 m (2000 ft) below surface, with skips or conveyors is uneconomic. Hence, borehole transport utilizing gravity flow was investigated. This Paper describes the theory of flow, flow properties of retorted oil shale, and the design of a borehole and hopper system.

Jan 1, 1980

By John V. Beall

As Mother Nature arranged it, the hottest potential mineral target in the country today, the Stillwater complex had to occur in a spectacular natural setting-the north margin of the Bear Tooth Mountains of Montana. What more appropriate backdrop for the August 17-18 field hearings of Senator Frank E. Moss (D-Utah). His subcommittee, on Minerals. Materials and Fuels, heard 37 witnesses ponder the value of minerals vs esthetics or other uses of federal lands. On August 17, four Army Hueys swept the senatorial party, the press, Forest Service Officers and such distinguished witnesses as Montana Governor Forrest H. Anderson over the Custer-Gallatin National Forests, besting the thin air of 10,000 ft p1us, they set down on Iron Plateau.

Jan 1, 1971

By Richard Maclin Stewart

A priest at Shenandoah, Pa., one day persuaded the president of the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. to slush breaker waste and culm into old mine workings in order to save his church from being destroyed by surface subsidence. The year was 1864, the project was successful, and history recorded the first use of hydraulic backfilling. Shortly afterward, the method was applied to several eastern coal mines for area fill to control subsidence. In 1884, hydraulic backfilling was used to control a mine fire in the Schuylkill region of Pennsylvania. The idea was taken to Europe by German engineers and developed successfully at the Myslovitz colliery in Upper Silesia in 1901. From there it was applied to several mines throughout Europe.

Jan 4, 1958

By R. Didchenko

THERE are many methods described in the older literature which claim to produce anhydrous rare-earth chlorides in general. and cerium chloiide in

Jan 1, 1960

By R. Malmstrom, H. Heden, K. Likin

Sublevel caving techniques at Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) in Sweden have undergone significant modification over the years as management strives to maintain mine viability amidst rising costs and erratic iron ore prices. LKAB, which is 96% state-owned, is Sweden's principal iron ore producer and operates three iron mines north of the Arctic Circle. By far, the largest of LKAB operations is the Kiirunavaara (Kiruna) underground iron mine which extracts an estimated 30 million t/y of ore, Other iron mines include the Malmberget underground nine, rated at 12 million t/y of ore, and the Svappavaara open-pit mine, rated at about 4.5 million t/y. Mined ores from Kiirunavaara and Svappavaara are shipped by rail to the northwestern harbor of Narvik, while Malmberget ores are sent to Lulea, located to the southeast. LKAB iron ores are marketed by Malmexport AB, which is owned jointly by LKAB and Granges, Sweden's base metal producer.

Jan 10, 1979

By John A. Church

The operations of the Tombstone Mill and Mining Company, in Arizona, have been extensive and interesting; and I will eudeavor to describe what is novel in their work, without attempting to go over the well-known facts of silver milling, concentration and smelting which are the general branches of their business. Their mines are at Tombstone, and their mills at Charleston, ten miles distant. The ore has been mined only above water-level, and at first was

Jan 1, 1887

By Randolph Specht

A two year study was made of the waste disposal of the pebble rock phosphate industry. Solid slimes are impounded in large settling areas and the process water is re-used. Clear effluent was not found to be toxic to fish or animal life in field tests or in controlled experiments.

Jan 7, 1950

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. DAVID H. BROWNE, Chairman, JOHN H. JANEWAY, Vice-Chairman. F. E. PIERCE, Secretary, 35 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. P. A, MOSMAN, Treasurer. Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. HENRY L. SMYTH, Chairman. ALFRED C. LANE, Vice-Chairman. HENRY A. WENTWORTH, Secretary-Treasurer, 60 India St., Boston, Mass. ROBERT H. RICHARDS,- ALBERT SAUVEUR. Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. FRANK A. ROSS, Chairman. RUSH J. WHITE, Vice-Chairman. LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. FREDERIC KEFFER, FRANCIS A. THOMSON.

Jan 7, 1915

By H. Conrad, K. Janowski, G. Stone

The available data on the dynamics of plastic flow of sapphire indicate that the deformation rate in the temperature range .from 900° to 1700°C can be expressed either as A number of investigators1-10 have established that sapphire deforms plastically above 900°C, the most common mode of deformation being slip on the basal plane in the [1120] direction. Under certain conditions and at temperatures above 1500°C, slip

Jan 1, 1965

By Phillip Philbin, Frank E. Senftle

A field neutron activation analysis technique suitable for determining uranium in ores has been tested. The method is based on the measurement of the 74.7 keV gamma ray from 'U. When the thorium/uranium ratio is greater than one or the vanadium is greater than 1%, a low uranium analysis is obtained. No satisfactory correction for thorium has been found, but a correction for vanadium can be deter¬mined. For ore containing greater than 0.01% uranium, the uranium can be deter¬mined with an accuracy of about 10% which is quite adequate for a field exploration technique.

Jan 1, 1972

By I. Iwasaki, K. Adam

The oxidation behaviors of simple and complex chloride systems of copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, and manganese in a stream of oxygen were investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis technique. Their reaction mechanisms are discussed from stoichiometry, thermodynamic feasibility, and X-ray diffraction analysis of reaction products. The results are used to determine an optimum operating temperature of the selective oxidation step in a chlorination process for producing nonferrous metal chlorides, elemental sulfur, and ferric oxide from copper-nickel sulfide flotation concentrates.

Jan 1, 1985