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THE following notes were accumulated during the years 1905 to 1911, when the writer was employed at Stannary Hills. The writer's duty took him over the underground workings daily. In odd moments the geology of the surrounding country was worked out. As the time for this purpose was limited, many interesting points had to be left, untouched. The faulting system in the mines was of such a puzzling character that it seemed as if the geology of the surrounding district might throw some light on it. Dr Jack, in 1907, reported on these mines for the shareholders, but came to no definite conclusions. Unfortunately, the writer has not had access to this report for many years. At the time of his visit the larger develbpments in the Ivanhoe and, Kitchenen orebodies (see Fig 1, B2) were only being opened up. Mr. H. Herman mentions Stannary Hills on p 320, Proceedings Aust Inst ME, new series, No 14, and on p 326 expresses the opinion that the pipe or joint-veins (as at Irvine bank and Stannary Hills) were more valuable to follow than lodes in the granite in that district.GEOLOGY OF DISTRICTThe main feature of the area mapped is a band of altered sedimentary rocks which carry no fossils. It is a mile wide, and consists of a hard band of greywackes 200 ·t ·300 yds. wide, flanked on both sides by contorted shales which become more micaceous as the granite-area to the east is approached. The strata have a general strike of N. 30° W., with a steep westerly dip. A large area of acid intrusive rocks occurs to the west of this band. The outstanding feature of the district is a fault which cuts the sedimentary series in two, to the...

Jan 1, 1918

By Kazimierz Gwizdala

In the paper the method for estimation of settlement of vertically loaded piles in a group is presented. The method is generally based on the hybrid procedure with non-linear solution for single piles and with interaction between them for the low-strain shear modulus. Some attention is paid to the influence of deformation and strength parameters used in calculations. The applied model is verified in the framework of the research programme carried out recently in the Geotechnical Department of Gdansk Technical University. It concerns monitoring and analysing the settlements of the existing structures on piles. A comparison of calculation and measurements results for two tested buildings is presented as an example.

Jan 1, 2002

THE Lehigh Valley Section is planning with a num-ber of other organizations a three-day conference, April 25, 26 and 27, with field visits to cement, slate and steel plants in the vicinity of Easton, Pa. W. B. Plank is chairman and D. Knickerbocker Boyd is sec-retary. Headquarters will be at Hotel Easton. Wednesday' will be cement day. In the forenoon A. S. T. M. Committee D-16 will meet and after luncheon the delegates will visit the Martin Creek plants of the Alpha Portland Cement Co. An evening dinner and general session on cement is being arranged. Thursday morning will be devoted to a technical ses-sion on slate, and the breaking of ground for the new John Markel mining building at Lafayette College. After luncheon various slate quarries will be inspected, the visitors being guests of the companies. In the eve-ning there will be a conference dinner at Hotel Easton with a number of distinguished visitors. Friday will be given over to steel and will include a visit to Lehigh University, an inspection of the plant of the Bethlehem Steel Corp., and a luncheon as guests of the latter.

Jan 3, 1928

By Horace C. Porter, F. K. OVITZ

Much has been written of the changes undergone by coal in storage and the deterioration of coal through exposure to the weather. In order to obtain definite information for the benefit of the Government departments and of all who store coal in large quantitieS', a series . of tests was begun in the fall of 1909 under the supervision of tT. A. Holmes, then chief technologist of the United States Geological Survey, and was continued by the Bureau of Mines after its establishment in 1910. The tests were confined to determinations of the loss in heating value of the coals and did not include a study of other deterioration; for exaIp.ple, in coking quality or the yield of by-products in coking. The Bureau of Yards and Docks of the Navy Department cooperated in tests of New R~ver (W. Va.) coal, a variety largely used by the Navy. A preliminary report presenting a brief account of the early results of these tests has been published by the Bureau of Mines as Technical Paper 16.a The detailed report is presented in this bulletin, which gives a fu11 account of the tests and the analytical data covering a period of five years' storage. Data of somewhat similar experiments for shorter periods with gas coal from the Pittsburgh bed, with Pocahontas coal on the Isthmus of Panama, and with Sheridan, Wyo., subbituminous coal, which is used for railroad and other purposes in the West, are included. The tests of New River coal, in cooperation with the Navy Department, were undertaken to determine the advantage to be gained by storing coal under water, and particularly under salt water. Small lots were used in order to make the tests of maximum severity, and parallel experiments were made with run-of-mine and crushed coal under one-fourth inch size. All of the small lots tested under the different conditions (except those tested near Key West, Fla.) were taken as representative portions from one large original lot. The tests of Pocahontas coal, which, like the New River, is semibituminous, were undertaken chiefly to determine th.e effect of the tropical conditions in Panama. They were made on an outdoor pile of 100 tons of run-of-mine coal. Pittsburgh gas coal, a high-volatile, bituminous type used at gas and by-product coke works, was exposed for test at Ann Arbor, Mich., in cooperation with the University of Michigan. The university agreed to make tests at successive intervals of storage to determine, in its illuminating-gas experiment station, the yields of gas and byproducts from the coal. The coal, screened lump, was stored in about 4-ton lots out of doors in open bins. Subbituminous coal, which is mined in Colorado, Wyoming, and other States, and is known also as "black lignite," is commonly supposed to deteriorate rapidly in storage, especially by "slacking" or crumbling of the lumps. The tests herein described were undertaken at Sheridan, Wyo., in cooperation with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co., in order to determine the extent of this slacking and the accompanying loss of heat value. The tests were in open bins holding 4 to 12 tons.

Jan 1, 1917

By K. E. Yassin, A. Yehia, M. Amar

Phosphate fines (size ≤ 45 μm), from the Red Sea Region, Egypt, were subjected to beneficiation process to recover the phosphorite grains from such fines. The sample is characterized by low P2O5 content (18.78%) associated with gangue minerals such as silica (22.77% SiO2) and carbonate (2.01% MgO) indicating its low grade. Phosphate pre-concentrate was prepared by gravity separation, using Falcon, where 63.37% of the phosphate, with 24.94% P2O5, 1.46% MgO, and 10.54% SiO2, was firstly recovered reducing the mass flow to the subsequent beneficiation process. However, the gravity tailing was the feed for the reverse phosphate flotation using bench scale column flotation where oleic acid was used as a carbonate gangue collector and amylase enzyme as a phosphate depressant. Under the appropriate flotation conditions (0.1% amylase, 5·10−4 mol/dm3 oleic acid, and temp. 30 °C), phospho-concentrate assaying 0.61% MgO, 13.14% SiO2, and 27.85% P2O5 with a P2O5 recovery of 55.45%, was finally obtained without the use of expensive depressants, e.g., phosphoric acid or sodium silicate. A tentative flow sheet for the whole process was postulated.

Thirty years ago a party of American Engineers, with members of their families, belonging to the four national engineering societies, sailed for Europe and visited England and the Paris Exposition of 1889 and received many courtesies, official, professional, and individual. Plans: have been made for a reunion dinner to be held in New York City, about May 26, at which it is hoped that all survivors, ladies as well as men, of that trip may meet again. It is, therefore, urgently requested that anyone who was of that party communicate immediately with the Secretary of the Committee, Jesse M. Smith, Engineers' Club, 32 West 40th St., New York, N. Y. Announcement of the precise date and place, and full details, will he sent to every individual who can he reached.

Jan 5, 1919

By Scott Martin

This paper will discuss the challenges currently facing the mining industry. By sharing experiences gained in the CIM Leading in Mining Course, I will highlight what’s working, what’s not, what are the challenges, what are the concerns, what are the opportunities, what needs to happen. Specifically, I will discuss what is currently happening with leadership and leadership development in members’ own organizations, what skill sets are important to develop in different hierarchical groups and how comprehensive leadership courses like the leading in Mining course can help improve leadership within individuals and the industry. Leadership development is a process not an event.

Jan 1, 2014

By R. C. D. Phillis

The annual mine planning process is one of the most important tactical/operational steps towards achieving strategic goals. These tactical plans are part of a very comprehensive Mineral Resource Management process, with the natural sequel to planning being execution. The execution of an underground hard rock mine plan is a multi-project environment that comprises many development-construction-equipping-stoping single project paths, which are referred to as ?stoping paths?. The uncertainty that typifies execution of projects comes in the form of untimely disruptions to constituent tasks and/or project paths. Annual mining plans also include quantified objectives for occupational health and safety, production, quality, cost, employee morale, environment, and corporate social investment. Such objectives make for a highly complex environment that management must contend with?complex in the sense that all the paths and objectives have interdependent constraints. Furthermore, at the time of this paper, Sections54*and 55**of the MHSA*** put the onus on management to ensure legislative adherence. It stands to reason that planning estimates allow excess capacity?buffers?that cushions the impact of untimely disruptions. This paper concerns the fact that despite all the buffers allowed for, time, scope, and budget creeps impact on mine planning and threaten its successful execution. As a consequence, the paper deals with buffer management, the essence of Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM). Effective buffer management provided strategic (executive level) updates without losing the tactical/operational detail necessary for job card creation, especially where professional skills and experience are in short supply. Indicative bottom-line results showed CCPM to be highly effective.

Jan 1, 2011

By R. T. Sorensen

Research and testing in a small scale equivalent of a commercial flota-tion plant was completed on four low-grade, iron-bearing materials from the western Mesabi range. Closed circuit-flotation of calcium-activated silica with fatty acid collector developed data for comparison with the batch process and highlighted problems not evident from previous bench testing. The four ore samples contained from 27 to 39 percent Fe and were equally represented by nonmagnetic taconite and semitaconite type materials. Iron concentrates containing 6.0 percent, or less, SiO2 were made 5, all four samples. Of the two material types, the semitaconite was the ore amenable to treatment, yielding iron recoveries of about 90 percent as cc pared with 70 to 80 percent for the other. Pilot plant tests showed that concentrate grade made in batch tests could be duplicated in the closed circuit and demonstrated that the amount of recoverable middling iron varied considerably between ore samples. The continuous tests also showed that water temperature strongly influenced results in the treatment of one ore but apparently was of indifferent consequence in another. Progress in thickening and filtration of flotation concentrates was made through introduction of tapioca flour to serve the dual role of iron mineral depressant and flocculant.

Jan 1, 1966

By Henk E. Brassinga

In Rotterdam a number of underground parking facilities have been built and are under development in the inner city, and in the suburbs. These parking facilities are located at already densely built areas. The design of these constructions has to take into account the impact of the building activities and that of the final construction on the surroundings. In this paper some examples of the different building methods of newly realized underground parking facilities are described, and problems that occurred during the construction are pointed out. In the soil conditions as present in Rotterdam the cost effectiveness of underground facilities can be improved by deepening the parking facility, and at the same time reducing the surface area so that the total parking volume remains constant. In this way the total volume of the diaphragm walls and the costs of the project is reduced.

Jan 1, 2006

As part of the Phase I study activity, a questionnaire was sent to a representative sampling of mining companies to obtain information on the uses, use conditions, personnel policies and other user concerns associated with front-end loaders. On-site visits to several of the mining companies were also parried out and the questionnaire was used during these visits as well. Five major areas were dealt with in the user questionnaire. These included: 1) Front-End Loader Critique - An open-ended form was employed to permit the mining companies to describe the particular things they liked and disliked about front-end loaders, in general, and/ or specific models in particular. 2) Usage - A form indicating the functions performed by front-end loaders and the numbers, makes and models of front-end loaders being used by mining companies. 3) Environment - A form where the user indicated the various types of conditions encountered in their use of front-end loaders. 4) Personnel - A form for describing factors pertaining to the qualifications of front-end loader operators. 5) Miscellaneous and Comments - A form permitting the user to comment on his feelings toward standardization of front-end loader operator stations.

Jan 1, 1973

By K. A. Stanley, N. A. Karl, D. R. Wilburn

"This summary of international mineral exploration activities for the year 2014 draws upon information from industry sources, published literature and specialists in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Minerals Information Center. The summary provides data on exploration budgets by region and mineral commodity, identifies significant mineral discoveries and areas of mineral exploration, discusses government programs affecting the mineral exploration industry and presents analyses of exploration activities performed by the mineral industry.Three types of information are reported and analyzed in this annual review of international exploration: 1) budgetary statistics expressed in U.S. current dollars provided by SNL Metals & Mining (SNL) of Charlottesville, VA; 2) regional and site-specific exploration activities that took place in 2014 as compiled by the USGS and 3) regional events that affected exploration activities including economic, social and political conditions, which were derived from published sources and discussions with USGS and industry specialists. Commodity and regional compilations are presented in this summary. Because multiple sources are used to develop these compilations, statistics may differ depending on the source and type of data that are being reported.The SNL data summarize planned company budgets for worldwide exploration activities in 2014 for 19 nonfuel mineral commodities based on company surveys. Research focused on precious metals (gold, platinum-group metals and silver), base metals (cobalt, copper, lead, molybdenum, nickel, tin and zinc), bulk commodities (iron ore, phosphate and potash), and specialty mineral commodities (diamond, lithium, niobium, rare-earth elements, tantalum and uranium). Information on uranium exploration activities was included for the first time in 2007. Data on lithium, niobium, phosphate, potash, rare-earth elements and tantalum were compiled for the first time in 2010 because of their increased significance. Since 1999, companies with exploration budgets of $100,000 and greater were included in the SNL compilations. SNL budget estimates exclude bauxite, coal and oil and gas. Exploration budget estimates for iron ore have been compiled since 2011 but reported separately. The 2014 SNL company survey is reported by SNL to cover an estimated 95 percent of the world’s nonferrous, nonfuel mineral exploration budgets. The 5 percent that is not covered includes companies that chose not to participate in the SNL survey, private companies that do not publish their budget data, and government-funded exploration activities"

Jan 1, 2014

By T. Mwanza, B. N. Belford, P. Conradie

"Metix has introduced a three-piece ’deep-cooled’ copper slag tapblock into a six in-line copper matte settling electric furnace. The tapblock was designed without any internal refractory; it relies purely on the development and maintenance of a freeze lining on its hot face and within the tapping channel to protect the copper and promote the integrity of the surrounding endwall refractory lining. In addition, the geometry of the tapblock further supports the sidewall refractories, reduces the impact of funnelling and, therefore, the need for premature rebuilding of the furnace endwall, and facilitates easy removal and replacement of the wear components even under ’hot’ furnace conditions. Eighteen thermocouples embedded in the copper components ensure full resolution of the copper condition, enabling plant personnel to identify wear rates, estimate freeze lining thickness and stability, and schedule replacement of spares and wear components well in advance.At the time of writing the tapblock had been in operation for 6 months with approximately 350 000 t of slag having been tapped through it. Every indication is that the design will limit the need for premature relining of the furnace endwall due to rapid deterioration of the tapblock and its surrounding refractories. IntroductionNonferrous furnaces rely heavily on the maximization of refractory campaign life to increase profitability and reduce planned downtime. In large electric copper slag-cleaning furnaces utilizing insulating linings, campaign lives of six or more years are realistic if consideration is given to each aspect that can degrade the refractory lining during the campaign. An area that is particularly vulnerable is the slag tap-hole and the local surrounding refractory. To avoid premature relining of the furnace walls, every effort should be made to consider not only the tap-hole design itself, but also the selection of the sidewall refractory material and its construction immediately adjacent to the tap-hole, and furthermore the interplay between the tapblock and this adjacent refractory. A holistic approach to the design that considers these interdependent features in the slag tapping area can reduce the incidence of accelerated refractory wear (‘funnelling’), support the surrounding refractories to prevent their collapse, introduce easily replaceable wear components that can be exchanged with the furnace still ‘hot’, and encourage and maintain a stable freeze lining at the refractory hot face that maximizes the tapblock and refractory lifetime."

Jun 1, 2019

By D. Harrington

Along with other phases of mining , the ventilation of metal mines has been affected by the business depression of 1930. As might be expected , some of the results are favorable , and some are distinctly disadvantageous to progress . Probably the worst effect of the recession of mining activity is that , as usual , one of the first departments of almost any industrial establishment ( and this is especially true of mining ) to be curtailed is that which concerns what might be called welfare work , such as safety , health , etc. , and ventilation : in consequence , a number of men who were employed mainly on ventilation work in metal mines are now out of employment and their former duties either are being handled by others as only part of a crowded routine or are being allowed to lapse . On the bright side of the picture is the following paragraph from a letter by the ventilation and sarety engineer of the United Verde Copper Co. , Jerome , Ariz . , indicating that money and effort expended on ventilation during " flush " times give results which aid in money savings when depression comes : The desirability of absolute control over the ventilation system has again been demonstrated at this mine . Under full operation we have been using approximately 500 hp . to drive our big fan . Under curtailed operations we naturally do not require as much air , so by sending the air only where needed and airing out all other places periodically to keep timber , etc. , in good condition we have been able to economize in the quantity of air required . The fan speed has been reduced and the power dropped to 300 hp . , thus effecting a material saving in the power bill , and still maintaining an efficient ventilating system . "

Jul 1, 1931

This report presents production and delivered costs for coal exports from the five major Western coal-exporting countries: Australia, Canada. Colombia, South Africa, and the United States. Cost data were compiled from visits to 43 mines by U.S. Bureau of Mines engineers between 1985 and 1990. All report costs are in January 1989 U.S. dollars per short ton. Production costs for raw coal are divided into mining and regulatory categories. Costs are broken down by type of cost, type of mine. and country. Scheduled operating and capital costs for raw coal were processed by the Bureau's MINSIM discounted cash flow program to determine total production costs calculated at 0% and 15% discounted cash flow rates of return (DCFROR). Delivered costs are for salable coal delivered to various markets. Costs are broken down by supply country, market, and type of cost. Scheduled operating and capital costs for salable coal were processed by the Bureau's MINSIM discounted cash-flow program to determine total salable coal costs at 0% DCFROR. Added to total salable coal costs were transportation and port costs to get delivered costs. Comparative overview information on the coal industries of the five study countries are appended. This appendix includes information on industry economics and exports, production and reserves, and coal industry issues.

Jan 1, 1993

By Bill Shand

"Placer Dome - Campbell Mine is a gold mine located at Balmertown in the Red Lake District of North Western Ontario. During the last 50 years, the mine has produced over ten million ounces of gold.A change in ball mill grinding media was made in August 1998 from 1.5” diameter forged balls to 1.5” diameter, 18% chrome balls. This was done to reduce grinding media consumption and to potentially help flotation performance.A marked ball test done in September-October 1999 showed that, of the alloys tested, 18% chrome was the optimum for the ore at Campbell Mine. The test showed that consumption of chrome balls should be 3 times less than forged balls.In December 1999, the ball size was increased from 1.5” to 2” in an effort to reduce the amount of oversize rock discharging from the ball mill. This change in size was successful.Grinding media consumption for the ball mill decreased 73% from 1.20 kg/tonne before the use of chrome balls to 0.327 kg/tonne after the use of chrome balls. This clearly indicates that, for the ore at Campbell Mine, there is significant savings in grinding media by using chrome.Grinding ball costs were reduced by 59% from $O.88/tonne of ore milled to $0.36/tonne of ore milled representing a saving of $298,000 per year. This also clearly indicates that using chrome balls is a benefit at Campbell Mine.Test work to show that chrome grinding media is beneficial to flotation has been inconclusive so far but is still ongoing.No tests have been done to see if there would be a benefit with an even higher chrome percentage in the grinding media. Test work in this area is also planned for the future"

Jan 1, 2001

By Leslie F. Sawatsky

Each potential oil sands developer deals with the question of optional sources of raw water to supply large water demands that range from 50 to 80 million cubic metres per year for each of six existing and planned developments. The Athabasca River currently supplies nearly all of the water to the existing mines via conventional bank intakes, which has resulted in some concern over the effects of reduced river flows. This paper describes the various water supply options, and the likely scenario for future oil sands water supply projects. Various water supply options have been suggested including Athabasca River water via infiltration galleries, groundwater, combined Athabasca River water and alluvial groundwater using wells (i.e. bank filtration systems), diversion of tributary rivers, utilization of large lakes in the region and pumping from other large rivers in the region. Investigations show that the size of river catchment needed to support raw water usage by a typical oil sands mines exceeds 5,000 km2 eliminating all tributary rivers that are located in the oil sands region except those rivers with large drainage areas like Firebag and MacKay Rivers. Lakes cannot be used as a source of supply due to large water deficits for smaller lakes and the large cost of sourcing water from a lake as large as Lake Athabasca. A groundwater source alone would not likely meet the large water demands. River intakes on the Athabasca River will likely continue to be the most practical water supply option for oil sands mines north of Fort McMurray, although various types of Athabasca River intakes are possible. Existing intake systems include screened riverbank intakes, forebay intakes, and river bottom intakes. Infiltration galleries are not feasible for most sites, though some bank-filtration-type systems using high capacity wells may be an option if there is sufficient thickness of high-permeability alluvium at a suitable location in the Athabasca River valley.

May 1, 2004

By Harold L. Gibson, Don H. Rousell, Ian R. Jonasson

"Abstract - The Sudbury Structure consists of three major components: 1) the Sudbury Basin; 2) the Sudbury Igneous Complex which surrounds the basin as an elliptical collar; and 3) an outer zone of shatter-coned and intensely brecciated footwall rocks. Although the Sudbury Event which formed the structure may be unique, the area has, in fact, been shaped by a series of tectonic, magmatic and mineralization events which can be considered in terms of two Wilson cycles of continental extension and closure. The first cycle, from 2500 to 1700 Ma, included the following events: doming (uplift of Levack Gneiss Complex); NE-SW extension (Matachewan dikes); N-S to NW-SE rifting (faults, mafic intrusions, sedimentation, and Ni-Cu-PGE and U mineralization); NW-SE extension (Nipissing diabase, and Ni-Cu-PGE, Ag, Co mineralization); and NW-SE and NE-SW closure (Penokean Orogeny, 1900 to 1700 Ma) with superimposed meteorite impact (1850 Ma, Ni-Cu- PGE, Zn-Cu-Pb deposits). The second cycle, from 1700 to 1000 Ma, included: N-S extension (alkali metasomatism, Au); N-S extension (hornblende diabase dikes along the Murray fault set); NNESSW extension (olivine diabase dikes); NE-SW extension (Fecunis Lake fault set); and NW-SE closure (Grenvillian Orogeny).The rich and diverse Ni-Cu-PGE and subordinate Zn-Pb-Cu and Au mineralization of the Sudbury region is related to endogenic and impact-triggered crustal extension and magmatism. The Sudbury Structure apparently was the site of a triple junction or hot-spot. The Sudbury ores, although located within an impact structure, are analogous in terms of age and tectonic setting to Ni-Cu-PGE and Zn-Pb-Cu ores elsewhere in the world. Meteorite impact accentuated on-going ore forming processes and magmatism at Sudbury."

Jan 1, 1997

By Harold L. Gibson, Don H. Rousell, Ian R. Jonasson

"The Sudbury Structure consists of three major components: 1) the Sudbury Basin; 2) the Sudbury Igneous Complex which surrounds the basin as an elliptical collar; and 3) an outer zone of shatter-coned and intensely brecciated footwall rocks. Although the Sudbury Event which formed the structure may be unique, the area has, in fact, been shaped by a series of tectonic, magmatic and mineralization events which can be considered in terms of two Wilson cycles of continental extension and closure. The first cycle, from 2500 to 1700 Ma, included the following events: doming (uplift of Levack Gneiss Complex); NE-SW extension (Matachewan dikes); N-S to NW-SE rifting (faults, mafic intrusions, sedimentation, and Ni-Cu-PGE and U mineralization); NW-SE extension (Nipissing diabase, and Ni-Cu-PGE, Ag, Co mineralization); and NW-SE and NE-SW closure (Penokean Orogeny, 1900 to 1700 Ma) with superimposed meteorite impact (1850 Ma, Ni-Cu- PGE, Zn-Cu-Pb deposits). The second cycle, from 1700 to 1000 Ma, included: N-S extension (alkali metasomatism, Au); N-S extension (hornblende diabase dikes along the Murray fault set); NNESSW extension (olivine diabase dikes); NE-SW extension (Fecunis Lake fault set); and NW-SE closure (Grenvillian Orogeny).The rich and diverse Ni-Cu-PGE and subordinate Zn-Pb-Cu and Au mineralization of the Sudbury region is related to endogenic and impact-triggered crustal extension and magmatism. The Sudbury Structure apparently was the site of a triple junction or hot-spot. The Sudbury ores, although located within an impact structure, are analogous in terms of age and tectonic setting to Ni-Cu-PGE and Zn-Pb-Cu ores elsewhere in the world. Meteorite impact accentuated on-going ore forming processes and magmatism at Sudbury."

Jan 1, 1997

By Kyle W. Charlton

The Bureau of Mines utilizes special testing methods for the analysis of underground mine atmospheres for use during or after mine disasters and fires. These methods depend upon drawing sample gas to the surface through multiple tube bundles with the subsequent analysis of grab samples or the automatic analysis by often remotely located instruments on a continuous, 24-hour basis. During cold weather, low ambient temperature causes condensation and freezing of condensable vapors in the sample which can result in delayed response times or complete blockage of the sample line. This report covers research and resulting development conducted by the Bureau of Mines to produce a reliable method to selectively remove condensable vapors and particulate in the sample gas stream under worst-case field conditions. The effort resulted in two prototype systems which have greater field utility than originally anticipated. The innovative project resulted in two patent applications submitted through the Bureau of Mines.

Jan 1, 1981