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By Thomas M. Drown

THE method usually employed in accurate determinations of sulhur in pig-iron and steel is to treat a weighed sample of borings in a flask with muriatic acid, and to pass the gaseous products through an alkaline solution of lead or silver, which precipitates all the sulphur of the sulphuretted hydrogen in the form of sulphide of lead or silver. The sulphide thus formed is subsequently oxidized by aqua regia, bromine, or other oxidizing agent, and the sulphuric acid formed precipitated in the usual way by chloride of barium. I have substituted for the alkaline metallic solution, a solution of permanganate of potash in the strength of one gramme of permanganate to 200 cubic centimetres of water, and find that it gives results quite as accurate as those obtained by using an ammoniacal solution of silver. By the employment of the permanganate it will be readily seen that there is considerable saving of time and work. In order to test the accuracy of the method, six samples of pig-iron borings were weighed out (about six grammes each) and treated identically

Jan 1, 1874

By George E. Beavers

It is well to understand at once that converter gas is always mixed with copper blast-furnace gas at Copperhill before entering the Glover tower, and, at times, roaster gas is also added along with the converter and blast-furnace gas. Fig. 1 is introduced to show the variations in the sulfur dioxide content of the gas and the ability of the acid-plant operator to control the variations, resulting in a very even grade at the Gay-Lussac tower entrance. The sulfur dioxide content of the gas entering the Gay-Lussac tower must be low and regular to assure low niter consumption. The blast-furnace gas alone is rather uniform as regards sulfur dioxide content and the variations, as shown in Fig. 1, are chiefly caused by converter changes—out for charging, slag pouring, copper pouring, and, of course, the "finish." The combined gas during the converter finish is, at times, almost free of oxygen and the sulfur dioxide content reaches 13.0 per cent. At such times air is added at the Glover tower.

Jan 1, 1934

By M. A. Hunter

CHAIRMAN M. A. HUNTER. UP to this time our stress-corrosion sessions have been concerned with stress-corrosion cracking in brass. In the succeeding sessions a variety of other products which are susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking are to be considered and this afternoon's session is to be devoted to stress-corrosion cracking in light metals. The problems you have had to deal with up to now in brass have been very simple ones. From this time on the complexities become greater. You have already learned in the preceding sessions, that copper is not susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking and when you begin to alloy it with 3 per cent or larger proportions of zinc, then stress- corrosion cracking ensues. You apparently have few complications in the copper alloys you make. There is apparently no precipitation on the grain boundaries in the brass, and no precipitation within the metal itself. So, on the whole, the problem is a simple one. Yet it has been with the brass people for a very long time and it is apparently not yet settled from the fact

Jan 1, 1945

There were present eleven Directors, the Institute's Legal Counsel, the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary, and twenty-three guests. The Report of the Committee on Nominations (listed elsewhere) was presented and ordered to take the statutory course. The appointment of a Committee on Mine Taxation was approved. An Advertising Manager was appointed. E. G. Spilsbury and A. S. Dwight were appointed as representatives of this Institute on the Franco-American Engineering Committee. The Transactions were presented to the University of Louvain, and the monthly Bulletin to the French Technical Index. Permission was given to publish in full the argument of William H. Shockley on simplified spelling. A committee was appointed to have charge of the publication of the Raymond Memorial Volume. There were elected 70 members, 15 associates, and 1 junior associate. Three members were reinstated and the resignations of two were ac-cepted. The clues of 10 members who had been in active service with the allied armies were remitted. An extension of time for the payment of dues was granted to the 11 members.

Jan 12, 1919

SINCE dad first took us to the ocean we have always seen a plump elderly gentleman who, with supine composure, floats over the crests spouting whale-like to the wonderment of small boys. Floating requires certain physical and mental characteristics that it takes many years to acquire. These are, in order of importance, confidence, beef, and complete relaxation. Possibly a rough parallel can be drawn between the mining industry and the dignified paunchy gentleman riding the billows. Mellowing in a downtown club he reminisces over his rough-and-tumble youth; when frontiers were being pushed to continental limits and the great mines were discovered on a first come first serve basis. Those were the days of the empire builders. They created the methods, made their own laws, and gambled their very lives on the outcome. For these efforts and sacrifices they shared in the great wealth which was made. There were no comparisons between the small and big operators because they all started small and those with the most financial know-how slowly merged into the big companies of the present.

Jan 12, 1951

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M., except on holidays. It contains about 70,000 volumes and 90,000 pamphlets, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library, through its Library Service Bureau, can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive especial attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and photographic copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information on the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is, desired and not include collateral natter which may not be of interest. The time spent in-searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more, promptly and-in more usable shape.

Jan 2, 1917

Benjamin B. Thayer was elected as representative of the Institute on the John Fritz Medal Board of Award vice Albert Sauveur, whose term expires. Robert M. Raymond was confirmed as member of the, Engineering Foundation Board for two years in accordance with the By-Laws of the United Engineering Society. The following preambles and resolutions were passed: WHEREAS, the Chamber of Commerce of the United States is taking a vote, through the Chambers of Commerce, Boards of Trade and other constituent members of the National Chamber situated throughout the country, on the question whether or not the primary natural resources, comprising timber, the ores and deposits of useful metals, and' the deposits of minerals, which are a source of heat, light and power, should he exempt through remedial Congressional legislation from the restrictive limitations of the Anti-Trust Acts, and WHEREAS, a Committee of the National Chamber, the Chairman of which is a Past President of the American Institute of - Mining Engineers, has recommended favorable action upon this question, and

Jan 2, 1917

The 118th, meeting of the Institute, which has been arranged primarily for the benefit of the Institute of Metals Division and of those members who are particularly interested in iron and steel, will be held in the Milwaukee Auditorium, Milwaukee, Wis., on Oct. 8 to 11, 1918. This date has been selected because at that time, and at the same place, the American Foundrymen's Association and the American Malleable Castings Association will hold meetings. A notable exhibit of metallurgical and mechanical processes and products, at which over 165 firms will be represented, has been arranged in Machinery Hall, of the Auditorium Building. Wherever practicable, the machinery will be in operation. The program of the Institute's sessions was published in Bulletin 141. A special announcement of the meeting, together with a program of the sessions of the American Foundrymen's Association, has been mailed to every member who was thought to be directly interested in the meeting. A report of the meeting-and of the discussion of papers will be printed in the December Bulletin.

Jan 10, 1918

In Bulletin J 1, recently published by the Traylor Engineering and Manufacturing Co., it is stated that the largest jaw crusher ever built has a jaw opening of 66 in. by 86 in. and weighs 680,000 1b. It is said to be in successful operation and has a capacity of 490 tons per hour crushed to 12-in. size; 415 tons per hour crushed to 10-in. size; 330 tons per hour crushed to 8-in. size. The same company, in its Bulletin G 3, gives a diagram showing the percentage of a crushed product which will pass through screens of different sizes of perforation from a machine adjusted to a certain size screen. This diagram is reprinted below for the information of our members and the following notes apply to it. In order to prevent an excessive amount of fines, crushing machines are usually set so that 15 per cent. of the product will be larger than the maximum size desired, and this oversize is then recrushed by smaller

Jan 10, 1916

By Robert H. Richards

In the latter part of December a batch of amalgam was retorted and the tin in the retort uncovered while at a low red heat, and allowed to cool slowly to a temperature more suitable for ladling into moulds. It was then ladled and made what appeared to be nice, white, malleable block tin. On February 15th our attention is called to the fact that the tin is brittle, and on examination we find that the molecular condition of the pigs has changed to the extent of one-half its material. The change shows itself by an enlargement appearing on the surface something like crystallization, and comes in spots. The condition of the metal in these spots is very peculiar. It has changed from a malleable metal to a brittle one, with a structure somewhat resembling stibnite, and a color very considerably darker gray than tin. The analyses of the two parts of this tin pig showed the following results: Mercury. Tin. Specific Gravity. Crystalline part,.....2.62 97.24 6.175 Malleable part,.....2.38 97.50 7.387

Jan 1, 1883

HENRY M. Howe, Bedford Hills, N. Y (written discussion*).¬Mr. Foley's explanation of this interesting occurrence is perfectly reasonable. Possibly a word explaining the phenomenon more in detail may not be amiss. In the act of solidification each drop as it starts to solidify splits up into a half drop poorer in carbon and another half drop richer in carbon than the drop itself. The half drop poorer in carbon solidifies and attaches itself to-the already solid walls, whereas the half drop richer in carbon remains molten for the excellent reason that it is richer and hence is more fusible than the original drop, and hence in turn is wholly fusible at the existing temperature. Under usual conditions, as when the steel solidifies in a mold of any form, the successive molten half drops thus enriched in carbon remain present and by their enrichment progressively raise the carbon con-tent of the remaining molten mass, out of which successive half drops are continuously solidifying and attaching themselves to the already solid walls. Because the molten mass thus. becomes progressively richer

Jan 10, 1919

By Arthur Knapp

THE law of supply and demand is, in general terms, that law which governs the price of any commodity in an unrestricted competitive market. There are several variables which, for the purpose of this discussion, will be defined only as they apply to the petroleum industry: Production: The volume of petroleum that is moved from leases. Stocks: The volume of petroleum that is in the hands of the tank farm and pipeline companies. Inventory: The value of the stocks at the market. Consumption: The indicated delivery of oil to others than those who hold stocks. Demand: The potential absorbing power of the consuming market. Demand is the expression of the needs of the consumer and may depend on the economic value of the oil to the consumer. In times of low prices, the demand is the same as the consumption but during periods of high, prices or deficiency in supply, the demand may be greater than consumption. A general expression of the law is, as follows: Production or consumption Some relation between stocks and or controls price or demand inventory

Jan 3, 1924

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M., except on holidays. It contains about 70,000 volumes and 90,000 pamphlets, including sets of technical periodicals and publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library, through its Library Service Bureau, can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive especial attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and photographic copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information on the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape.

Jan 3, 1918

By Jerry A. Selvaggi, Richard B. Jacob

The High Gradient Magnetic Separator (HGMS), also known as the High Gradient Magnetic Filter (HGMF), is an effective device utilized in magnetic separation. This method of separation is gaining popularity in the separation of submicron material containing feebly magnetics. The most common use of this type of separator is in the removal of iron stained particles to improve the brightness of kaolin clay. Potential areas for use of this magnet include: (1) desulfurization of coal (2) the clean-up of mill effluent (3) removal of fine particulate matter from municipal and indus¬trial waste (4) desulfurization of oil Design, operation, and applications of this separator are further dis¬cussed in papers by R. R. Oder (1975), and R. R. Oder and B. I. Horst (1975). This device is a system composed of an iron enclosure of high per¬mability material housing a set of electrical coils, a canister en¬closing a magnetic matrix (stainless steel wool), an electric power supply and a hydraulic system to maintain specified operating tempera¬ture conditions. See Figure 1.

Jan 1, 1984

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M., except on holidays. It contains about 70,000 volumes and 90,000 pamphlets, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library, through its Library Service Bureau, can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive especial attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and photographic copies of articles on milling and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, arid to furnish general information on the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape.

Jan 10, 1916

(The following list contains the names of those members of the Institute of whose connection with military service we have only recently become acquainted; it also includes the names of a few who have recently been promoted or transferred, indicated by a *. A complete list was published in the Year Book, issued as a supplement of the Bulletin for March, 1918.) *AMBLER, HARRY A., 1st Lieutenant, 0. R. C., 30th Infantry, A. E. F. BAKER, R. F., Private, Intelligence Section, Headquarters 90th Division. *BARTON, L. A., Captain, 604th Engineers. *BATTEN, H. L., Lieutenant, Canadian Engineers, C. E. F. *BENSEL, J. A., Major, U. S. Reserves. BIRKETT, HOWARD, Lieutenant, Aviation, U. S. Signal Corps. BLOOMFIELD, E. C., Lieutenant, 1st Canadian Tunnelling Co. BOOTH, L. E., Watertown Arsenal, Det. E. 0. C., N. A., Watertown, Mass. *BOWMAN, REGINALD G., 1st Lieutenant, Engineers, U. S. R., Int. Ord. Dept. No. 4, A. E. F. *BRADLEY, CLARENCE I., Convois Automobile Section 585,. S. S. U., P. A. R., B. C. M.

Jan 7, 1918

By H. M. Chance

One hundred and twenty miles of hard travel over steep ridges almost due east from Fayetteville, on the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad, about 100 miles from Eureka Hot Springs, or 75 miles northwest from Batesville, will bring the traveller to the waters of the Buffalo Fork of the White river, in a wild, thinlysettled, heavily-timbered country, now being prospected quite actively for zinc, and known as the Buffalo or Rush Creek district. Excepting here and there a piece of bottom land, patented before the discovery of zinc, the land is unoccupied Government land, and subject to entry under the United States mineral laws. Claims are now being taken, 600 by 1500 feet, but a movement made this summer, if successful, will largely modify the position of claim-holders. A few claims are now being filed under the Placer Act on the ground that as the zinc occurs as a horizontal, sedimentary deposit, etc., it can only be properly so classified. The zinc occurs in limestone, which is at times so siliceous that

Jan 1, 1890

A mine in the mountains of southeastern British Columbia is fast earning a reputation as the safest metal mining operation of all time. Already officially proclaimed as the safest mine in Canada, the H.B. mine of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Co. of Canada (Cominco) continues to advance its safety performance far in the lead of average accident frequencies in mines across the country. Official recognition came its way again this spring when the Cominco mine was awarded the John T. Ryan trophy for the fourth time in the last five years. This award is emblematic of top national safety performance of a metal mining operation. The H.B. mine is its only four-time winner. The Ryan award is based on a frequency of accidents involving lost time of more than six days. In each of the years that the H.B. has won the award-1958, 1959, 1961 and 1962-its frequency was zero, with no accidents involving a time loss of more. than six days

Jan 12, 1963

By F. C. Muttitt

The physical arrangement of the continuous casting facilities at Algoma have been described a number of times in previous papers. For the purposes of this discussion, it is sufficient to state that the casting plant is located at a considerable distance from the basic oxygen shop which supplies it, involving a relatively lengthy ladle transfer movement. (Fig. I) The handling of the ladle by two separate cranes, first to the argon station, and thence to the casting machines, results in an average interval, from start tap to start cast, of 45 minutes. The effects of such extended retention time on temperature control and on refractory performance are well known. Tapping temperatures well above normal are necessary to insure that the ensuing heat losses do not result in an undue incidence of premature tundish freeze-offs. The heat lost, as well as being a function of the retention time, becomes more critical with smaller ladle size; winter temperatures add to the problem with their effect in chilling ladles and increasing radiant losses.

Jan 1, 1972

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M., except on holidays. It contains about 70,000 volumes and 90,000 pamphlets, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library, through its Library Service Bureau, can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive especial attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and photographic copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information on the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape.

Jan 12, 1916