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The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. on all week-days, except holidays, from Sept. 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The 'Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be. of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining reports, maps privately issued; and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members, while in the city will use, the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 12, 1915

By N. W. Shed

The specifications for bridge-steel are usually not severe. The main difficulty is to secure a material which will roll easily, without showing signs of cracking on the corners of the blooms or on the flanges of the beams. In many mills sulphur has been deemed the most harmful constituent in this respect. It has been thought hazardous.to roll steel containing over 0.07 per cent. of sulphur. Yet, in making steel for the Phoenix Iron Company, I have produced from stock running as high as 0.13 per cent. of sulphur a material which rolled very satisfactorily. It is reasonable to infer that the injurious effect of sulphur can be neutralized, to a great extent, by proper treatment in the open-hearth furnace; and the following notes from my usual practice here may be of interest to those obliged to use high-sulphur stock. The steel made at Phoenixville in the 20-ton furnaces has about the following composition : Per cent. Carbon,...0.15 to 0.20 Manganese,.........0.50 to 0.60 Sulphur,..........0.11 to 0.13 Phosphorus,.: .0.04 to 0.06 Silicon,.......... 0.01 to 0.02 The best running heats were made with a small amount of pigiron. In using large proportions of pig the quantity of ore is also increased. This not only cuts the bottom, but also lengthens the time required to bring the charge down. Up to 50 per cent. of pig may be used, but 25 per cent. is much better. A 40,000-pound charge, containing 10,000 pounds of pig and 30,000 pounds of Bessemer butts or beam-scrap, works very well.

Jan 1, 1890

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. on all week-days, except holidays, from September 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their tine in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will -be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 5, 1915

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. on all week-days, except holidays, from September 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining-maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining-reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them. .

Jan 11, 1913

G. W. TRAER (author's reply to discussion*).-Prof. Parr's discussion develops two points, upon which it seems desirable to comment. First, as to putting through a large enough tonnage to secure economic operation. At each manipulation of each oven 1500 1b. (680 kg.) of coal will be charged and the resultant coke discharged from a like amount of coal. . Sixteen slabs will be discharged at each manipulation, each approximately 5 ½ in. by 11 in. by 6 ft. (14 cm. by 28 cm. by 1.8 m.). The operating schedule of a commercial plant, based upon our observations and calculations, indicates a "through put" of at least 12 tons of coal per day for each oven. We have made these figures conservatively and feel confident of materially exceeding them in a fully developed operating system. Our oven plant, with containers, will not cost as much as high-temperature plants of the same capacity. They do not require container equipment; but this is much more than offset by the cost of the great basal heat regenerative flues. Our operating requirements are quite susceptible to the application of mechanical devices and we believe our labor cost will be well within the necessary limit. Second, as to Fig. 1 in my paper, showing the specific gravity' of the tar. It Was not intended to show that the specific- gravity of -the tar rises With decreasing heat, since of course the contrary is the fact. One of the curves shows the relation between temperature and specific gravity and the other the relation between temperature and- yield. Our consulting engineer prepared the chart according to his customary method for showing two dimensions.

Jan 1, 1919

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. on all week-days, except holidays, from Sept. 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about-55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 7, 1916

By Sir John Cadman

Since my previous review of the Persian fields, presented in 1929,' considerable progress has been made. The main feature of drilling development has been the delimitation of the Haft Kel field and its extensions. Although the limits have not yet been reached, a productive area of about 40 square miles has already been proved and it is now certain that the field will be of the same order of importance as the Masjid-i-Sulaiman field. Production to main pipe line from Haft Kel was begun in November, 1929, and to date about 4,500,000 tons have been produced. Normal production has continued from the Masjid-i-Sulaiman and Naft Khaneh fields. The search for oil in horizons below the main producing limestone is perhaps the most interesting and important exploratory drilling work in progress. Promising results have been obtained in the first well deepened in the Masjid-i-Sulaiman field with this objective, and the exploration of these lower formations is being continued. In this connection an allied program of geochemical research work on the nature of the oils and oil-bearing rocks of different horizons is at, present being undertaken. Masjid-i-Sulaiman Field Since the Haft Kel field was brought into production in 1929, production from Masjid-i-Sulaiman has been reduced in order to equalize to some extent the producing lives of the two fields. The production for the last four years has been as follows: m Approximate Equivalent in TonB Barrels 1929 5,434,071 38,038,497 1930 4,925,869 34,481,083 1931 4,248,086 29,736,602 1932 Approximately 4,500,000 31,500,000

Jan 1, 1933

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. on all week-clays, except holidays, from Sept. 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their tine in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention.. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral natter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can he of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 3, 1916

By F. E. Crane, J. Downie

The general application of Darcy's law to natural rocks has already been challenged in the literature.1 The evidence shows that the permeability as calculated from the Darcy equation can be a function of the pressure drop and the salt concentration of the water phase. Most explanations for aberrant behavior involve clays and their properties and have been qualitatively satisfactory.Recently, however, Odeh2 revived the theoretical views of Yuster.3 Since Yuster's concept implies a fundamental error in using Darcy's relationship for two-phase flow, and not merely that conditions may limit its use, Odeh's experimental support arouses considerable interest. However, Odeh's work as presented is thought to to be inadequate. He has omitted important information about his materials and procedures; therefore, acceptance of his conclusions should be withheld. Since a clay effect is possible, Odeh should have been allowed space to present a more detailed account of the rocks which he used and the precautions which he took to avoid confounding the effects of clay and fluid circulation. In addition, it follows from Odeh's discussion that the oil relative permeability should increase as the viscosity ratio increases. Odeh presents data corroborating this deduction. It also follows that the oil relative permeability should decrease as the viscosity ratio of oil to water decreases. However, our results show that a high relative permeability, when once attained by using a viscous oil, may be maintained when that oil is replaced by an oil of much lower viscosity. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The results are shown in Fig. 1 and were obtained as follows. Sandstone cores. 3-in. long X l-in, in diameter and which contained clays, were saturated with

The Library of. the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. on all week-days, except holidays, from September 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining, and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining-maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining-reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 1, 1914

By Paul Queneau

Some years from now, perusal of the unfolding saga of the nickel family will show that the year 1968 was the herald of change-both in the geography of its endeavors and in its technology. No one should doubt any longer that oxide ores of nickel have come of lusty age-their heavyweight stature in the Caribbean area and in the Western Pacific can be shrunk only by immersion in the politics of unhappiness. The sulfide branch of the family has been augmented afar off by substantial ore deposits in western Australia-right across the globe from Sudbury-and in southern Africa, 9000 miles from the nickel hub. The Foreword of the 1961 AIME volume, dealing with the extractive metallurgy of copper and nickel, noted that "the dead hands of nitrogen" had been lifted from oxidation reactions utilizing air and that the industry was on the threshold of under- standing this fact. Here, at least, nonferrous industry had led its ferrous counterpart in the commercial use of tonnage oxygen in liquid phase pyrometallurgy-the reference is to oxygen flash smelting. Today large oxygen-producing plants are blossoming everywhere and the fruits which will follow are many and varied. Among them is Inco's forthcoming use of the top-blown oxygen converter for sulfide melts. The bell tolls for those "pyro- metallurgical dinosaurs" which still stalk smelter aisles the world around. Silicate oxide nickel ores will rejoice in the glow of modern elevated temperature chemical metallurgy in its various manifestations, vindicating the bulldog spirit of that ancient of clans, the hot metal men-including the renovator of Le Nickel's Doniambo Works.

Jan 10, 1968

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. on all week-days, except holidays, from September 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Membebs of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining-maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can he of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining-reports, maps privately issued, and. similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will he welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 4, 1914

THE CHAIRMAN (J. W. MALCOLMSON, Kansas City, Mo.).-Gentlemen, Dr. P. J. O'Gara, Director of the Department of Agricultural and Smelter By-Products Investigations, of the American Smelting & Refining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah, is here; he has given attention to this very important problem and I will call on him for a few remarks. P. J. O'GARA, Salt Lake City, Utah.-I have had charge of the investigations of the smoke problem for the American Smelting and Refining Co. during the past four years. One of the worst burns we ever experienced occurred shortly after we began putting all our gases through the baghouse. This occurred in 1914 after the roaster gases had been put through the baghouse; previous to that time, the greater portion of the roaster gases was not put through the baghouse. Everyone knows why a hot-air balloon goes up. The hotter the air in the balloon, the higher it will go. In other words, hot gases will rise higher than cold gases. When gases are handled in any way that will tend to lower their temperatures, these gases are going to travel less high in the atmosphere and will therefore tend to reach the ground sooner than if they are turned out very hot. So far as injury to vegetable life is concerned, sulphur dioxide is the only element in smelter smoke that need be considered. The solution of the problem will be either to take out the excess of sulphur dioxide or to diffuse it high enough, up in the atmosphere so that the concentra-

Jan 1, 1918

The Library of -the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. on all week-clays, except holidays, from September 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library; either by purchase or personal solicitation as, gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 11, 1914

By C. E. Feltner

In a recent note, Meleka and Hiarris1 have reported that the application of a constant strain rate Ad a superimposed cyclic stress to 99.99 pct polycrystal-line zinc at room temperature produced some marked effects in the resultant behavior. In their work, one end of the specimen was pulled in tension at a constant strain rate while the other end was subjected to a sinusoidally varying load (20 cps) of constant amplitude. For the slower strain rates and the larger superimposed cyclic loads, it was observed that the specimen could withstand strains prior to failure more than 100 pct greater than the fracture strains obtainable in simple unidirectional straining. This ductility effect was interpreted as being due to a cyclic stress enhanced thermal recovery process. It is the purpose of the present note to describe some related effects in 99.99 pct polycrystalline cadmium. Specimens were loaded in repeated tension at room temperature with a stress of sufficient magnitude to cause failure in about 1000 cycles and the accumulated strain was measured as a function of cycles and time. In addition, some specimens were subjected to a steady creep stress equal in magnitude to the peak value of the cyclic tensile stress. The resultant strain-cycle and strain-time curves for both types of test are shown in Fig. 1. It should be noted that the static creep specimen failed in about one third the time required to produce a cyclic failure but in the cyclic test the specimen was able to withstand a uniform strain before necking more than 50 pct greater than that possible

Jan 1, 1963

The Library of .the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. on all week-days; except holidays, from September 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining-maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may he what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining-reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 6, 1913

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. on all week-days, except holidays, from September 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in "localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be of service to ,the Library by forwarding copies of mining reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to then.

Jan 7, 1915

By Jamie Deuel

The a ad on Connection" For the purpose of this paper, we will concentrate on the ubquitous radon gas as the principle, low-level radiation effect from uranium tailings piles. Standards are also proposed for gamma radiations but, by most accounts, this is much less of a low level problem than is radon. I am also aware of some just completed research at Oak Ridge National Laboratories that suggest polonium may be a major concern in tailings, but those data are preliminary at this time. What is radon gas? In the first place it is not a gas in the accepted sense in that it has no driving pressure head. It might prove a more convenient description to call it radon vapor. Radon vapor, then, is 7-1/2 times heavier than air. Radiologically, it is an alpha emitter which means it spontaneously gives off high ionizing potential but low penetrating power particles. In fact, the alpha particle has such low penetrating power that this sheet of paper will completely shield a person. The problem, though, is breathing the radon decay products, called radon daughters. If radon daughter products are ingested into the lungs, their alpha emissions may cause cancer. The principle carcinoma associated with breathing radon, or more basically, associated with radiological effects is oat cell car- cinoma of the undifferentiated mall cell type. Radon has a 3.8 day half life which means in less than four days half of its initial radioactivity has decayed away. In less than a month it essentially becomes inert or non-radioactive. The Tailings Situation The NRC, in its April 1979 Generic Environmental Impact Statement

Jan 1, 1983

The Library of the above-named Societies is open from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. on all week-days, except holidays, from September 1 to June 30, and from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. during July and August. The Library contains about 55,000 volumes, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated from sources of information. To these the Library can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive special attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining maps, and to furnish general information as to the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should be made as definite as possible so that the information received. may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be sent more promptly and in more usable shape. The members of the Institute can be of service to the Library by forwarding copies of mining reports, maps privately issued, and similar material, which will be classified, indexed, and made available to other members. Suggestions for additions to the Library, either by purchase or personal solicitation as gifts, will be welcomed. It is hoped that members while in the city will use the Library freely, and assurance is given that most careful service will be rendered to them.

Jan 3, 1915

By A. S. Learoyd

THE Anthracite Division, Bureau of Distribution, of the United States Fuel Administration, came into existence about Oct. 20, 1917. There had been no definite policy determined upon and the distribution had been carried out by the producers and distributors of this fuel as under normal conditions. The domestic sizes had been shipped from the beginning of the coal year on Apr. 1 in about their usual proportions to the various sections of the anthracite consuming territory of this country, which, in a general way, extended as far west as Nebraska and Montana, and in the south along the Atlantic seaboard to Florida. With the advent of cold weather, about the middle of November, acute shortages commenced to develop all over the northeastern section of the country, due to largely increased demand by the public in general, to enormously increased population in centers where industrial war activity was concentrated, and by the needs of the war industries themselves. Commencing with the early part of December, this demand was aggravated by extreme low temperatures and heavy snow; and the production decreased for the same reasons. From that date until the change in the weather, about the latter part of February, it was simply a question of getting coal into communities as emergencies occurred, to take care of individual cases. No definite plan of distribution could be followed. The coal mined between Apr. 1 and Nov. 1 had been distributed as mined and, therefore, only current production was available for distribution. The Anthracite Division, during this period, consisted of a Director, two assistants, together with an office force of seven or eight clerks and stenographers.

Jan 8, 1919