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By J. Parke Channing

IT IS most appropriate for mining engineers and in fact for all engineers to perfect themselves in leader-ship, because in the last ten years there has been a growing realization on the part of capital that there is no man who by capacity and training is better fitted to manage industrial production than the engineer. In high places the engineer and particularly the mining engineer is coming into his own. We have Mr. Hoover as Secretary of Commerce, Mr. Hammond as the head of the Federal Fact-finding Coal Commission, and Prince Caetani as Royal Italian Ambassador, all mining engineers. More and more in all industries is the manager more likely to be an engineer than he was five, ten, fifteen or twenty years ago, and the feeling is that the man who has had a technical training, whether from going to a school or from burning the midnight oil, makes a better manager than the man who has not. We find in mining that the best man for a manager is one who has had engineering, training. The manager who comes up from the office, from the purchasing department or from the transportation department may make a fairly good manager but he is never so good as the man who has had a technical training. He cannot speak the language of his staff.

Jan 5, 1923

By AIME AIME

WITH a membership in the Institute of 32 years behind him, Chester Alan Fulton became an A.I.M.E. Director last month. In 1937 he served as Chairman of the Industrial Minerals Division. Mr. Fulton was born in Brooklyn on Dec. 18, 1853, and at the age of 22 graduated from the Columbia School of Mines. His first job was as assayer for the Standard Smelting Co., Rapid City, S. D., but he soon left to become shift boss in the cyanide plant of the Peregrina Mining & Milling Co., Guanajuato, Mexico. From 1908 to 1912 he was mine superintendent of the Guanajuato Mining & Milling Co., leaving there for two years of varied professional work. From 1914 to 1916 he was

Jan 1, 1939

A letter from Mr. E. F. Cykler, Secretary-Treasurer, informs us that the Engineering Societies Club of Hawaii has been established, and that a member of any one of the following organizations is eligible for membership in the Hawaiian club: American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Institute of Mining Engineers, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, American Society of Naval Engineers, American Railway Engineering Association, American Society for Testing Materials. The main purpose of this club is the entertainment of visitors from the various national organizations above mentioned, and the Secretary will be glad to hear from any one who is making a trip to the Hawaiian Islands. Mr. Cykler's address is 2A Pantheon Building, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Jan 12, 1917

Objective stockpile goals have been met for antimony, bismuth, fluorspar, and iridium, while those for bauxite, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, mercury, platinum, tin, and vanadium have not, according to a report by the Munitions Board. Total materials under inventory and contract represent about 78 pct of entire stockpile goals, the report stated. Frobisher, Ltd., of Canada has been given permission to survey power possibilities in certain lake and river basins in the Yukon believed to have a potential of 5 million he. Canadian Resources Minister, Robert Winters, also announced that his Government has rejected a bid by Aluminum Co. of America concerning use of Canadian waters to power a proposed Alaska aluminum project. Alcoa is reported hopeful of resuming negotiations.

Jan 3, 1953

As a service to its readers, MINING ENGINEERING is publishing the mineral industry portion of the 1957 list of Accredited Undergraduate Engineering Curricula in the United States. This list, revised annually, is issued by the Education Committee of the Engineers Council for Professional Development, and covers all phases of engineering education. The AIME is actively represented on ECPD, which was jointly organized by the Founder Societies and various other groups interested in the professional recognition of engineers. ECPD is merely authorized by its constituent organizations to publish a list of accredited engineering curricula for use as desired by those agencies which require such a list. It has no authority to impose any restrictions or standardizations on schools. (Date following school refers to year of initial accrediting.)

Jan 7, 1958

No. 349.-A Canadian university wishes to engage a man to teach non-ferrous metallurgy and ore-dressing as well as to direct research work. The instruction work covers 7 months but the research work is continued throughout the year. To a suitable man the rank of professor will be granted. Applicants are requested to state education, experience, salary desired and any other particulars that might assist in selecting a man for this position. No. 354.-Wanted, for Northern Nigeria, one chief and two assistant mining engineers, competent surveyors, with good knowledge of alluvial tin mining and dressing of tin concentrate. Preferably with previous Nigerian experience, and exempted or able to. secure passport. Apply in writing, stating qualifications, experience and salary required.

Jan 12, 1918

PLANS for development of the San Manuel ore- body have been worked out and are progressing parallel with construction of the surface plant. This property lies in the Old Hat mining district, Pinal County, Ariz., about a mile south of Tiger where the St. Anthony mine once produced gold, molybdenum, vanadidn, lead, and zinc. Two development shafts have been completed and serve as ingress for preparation of the 1475 haulage level and 1415 grizzly level. Three other shafts are being put down. The Nos. 3A and 3B shafts will provide the ore hoisting facilities. The No. 4 shaft, now being sunk, will be at the main mine service and supply yard, with primary function to provide the mine with supplies.

Jan 7, 1954

By Edel Moldenke

BURMA has long been known for its ruby, tungsten, and tin deposits, and, lately, for having the largest lead-zinc mine in the world, the Bawdwin Mine of the Burma Corpn. All the coal used, however, is imported from Calcutta; this is a bituminous coal of about 11,000 B.t.u., 24 per FIG. 1.-MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF COAL FIELDS AND TRANSPORTATION ROUTES. cent. ash, and costs about $8 per ton. Bituminous coal has not, thus far, been found, but many lignite deposits are known. The most promising lignite deposits are in the Namma field, Fig. 1, situated in the Northern Shan States of Upper Burma, about 30 mi. south of Lashio, the terminus of the Burma Railway, 750 mi. north of Rangoon. The

Jan 7, 1921

By I. Sheinhartz, H. M. McCullough

DURING the course of a lubrication study in relation to the compacting of metal powders, it became desirable to measure the thickness of sprayed graphite coatings on steel dies for hot pressing. The thickness of these lubricant coatings ranged between 0.0001 and 0.002 in. In their particular case, the authors were interested in a method for measuring the lubricant thickness on tapered die inserts having curved surfaces. The lubricant was sprayed on the inserts at an elevated temperature and it was desirable to measure the thickness as soon as possible after application. Various standard types of commercial equipment were tried. Most of the available devices operated on either a mechanical or magnetic principle. The mechanical devices, such as micrometers, dial indi-

Jan 1, 1956

By J. S. Orphanos

The requirements for controlling air and stream pollution are a most timely subject for concerned people. The coal industry has taken great measures to reduce pollution. With the use of more efficient scrubbing equipment on their thermal dryers, pollution has been considerably reduced. Furthermore, eliminating thermal drying completely by using centrifugal dryers (Bird screen bowls) to dewater fine coal products and meet consumer specification has completely eliminated air pollution. The coal industry is taking steps to eliminate stream pollution and the hazards created by tailings ponds. These plants are closing their water circuit by recovering all solids in solid-bowl centrifugal equipment. In doing this effectively and economically the water discharged into the streams does not contain any refuse solids. This provides a safe economical method.

Jan 1, 1976

On October 20, 1964, in his Waldorf Towers suite, death came to Herbert Clark Hoover, 31st President of the United States. At his bedside were his two sons, Allan A. and Herbert Hoover, Jr. Many years of humanitarian and public service earned him the gratitude of millions here and abroad. The Nation mourned his death. For the mining fraternity and AIME in particular, the life of Herbert Hoover held particular meaning. During the years from 1895 to 1914 when he was actively engaged in mining, he conducted himself with extraordinary competence, energy and integrity. In the years following, when his qualities of administration and leadership literally forced him into the limelight, he continued his interest and lent his talents for the benefit of the engineering profession.

Jan 11, 1964

By Charles W. Merrill

WHETHER the valuable components in a mineral deposit can be mined and separated from the worthless matrix, processed, and marketed depends not only upon the natural factors and the physical and chemical techniques, but also upon many extrinsic factors relevant to the economics of the business of exploring, developing, and producing minerals. To meet a need for proper coverage of this specialized field of economics, the Mineral Economics Div. of the AIME has developed a plan for assembling a volume setting forth important factors affecting mineral enterprises other than those that lend themselves to solution through science or technology. The program has been considered by the Institute's Directors and they have approved it, subject to a decision of the Mineral Economics Div. to carry it out.*

Jan 8, 1954

By W. R. Phibbs

THE blast furnace of the Columbia Steel Corpn., at Ironton; Utah, was put in blast April 30, 1924, and its operation has presented some interesting problems. The coke for the furnace is furnished by 33 Koppers Becker type ovens of 15 tons capacity each. The coal is shipped from the company's mine at Columbia, Utah, which is approximately 123 miles from Ironton, and is probably the highest volatile coal that is being coked for blast furnace use in this country. The analysis of the coal is: PER CENT. Moisture 3.90 Volatile 39.00 Fixed carbon 51.10 Ash.... 6.00 Sulfur : 1.07 The analysis of the coke is: PER CENT. Volatile 0.55 Fixed carbon :...:.::: :..:.:: 89.70 Ash 9.75 Sulfur 1.05

Jan 1, 1928

By F. N. Kissell, W. E. Schroeder, N. I. Jayaraman

This article discusses methods of improving airborne capture by conventional dust suppression systems. The work was performed in a full-scale plywood model of a mine entry with a wooden mockup of a Joy 12 CM continuous miner. Dust was introduced at the front of the entry, and water sprays knocked down part of the dust cloud. Sampling in the return air determined the percentage dust reduction. Based on the results, guidelines are offered for continuous miner spray systems to control dust. Empirical relations have been developed to determine the effect of changes in water spray pressure on air movement, dust knockdown, and pollutant concentrations in the face return. Nozzle selection and arrangement are discussed for high dust knockdown efficiencies.

Jan 1, 1986

Two 6.17-m-diam (20.25-ft) shafts, said to be the largest ever opened with mechanical raise boring techniques, were completed in May and June 1978, at Monterey Coal Co.'s No. 1 mine near Carlinville, Ill. According to the shaft contractor for the project, Frontier-Kemper Constructors, the openings are 60% greater in cross section than the largest previous raise-bored shaft, which had a diameter of 4.85 m (16 ft). Both vertical shafts are 93 m (305 ft) in total depth, with the upper 28-30 m (90-100 ft) sunk and lined by conventional methods through unconsolidated overburden and the remainder mechanically bored through sedimentary rock. The two shafts will be used for service access as well as to augment ventilation.

Jan 12, 1978

By D. M. S. Bhatia

The intimate association of iron formation and massive sulfide deposits has been documented by many investigators (McAllister, 1960; Hutchinson, 1972). In a classic example of such an association, four distinct facies (oxide, carbonate, silicate and sulfide) were identified in an Algoma-type iron formation occurring in Paleozoic rocks, but exhibiting physical features (banding) and chemical composition (SiO2 + A1203 + Fe2O3) typical of Precambrian iron formations. The geochemical variation of the iron formation was studied by analyzing 62 samples for Si, Al, Fe, P, S, and Cop. Following a model proposed by James (1954), the geochemical and mineralogical variation of the iron formation can be used as an excellent tool for the exploration of massive sulfide deposits.

Jan 1, 1982

By D. F. Kaufman, H. R. Spedden, A. M. Gaudin

MANY studies of comminution have been made to ascertain the size distribution of the product and to evaluate the work of comminution in the light of the size distributions of the feed and product. Up to now, these studies have been essentially statistical in character, that is, a certain lot of feed was subjected to comminution in some specified way, and the aggregate product was fractionated into sizes, thereby losing all knowledge of individual relationship of feed to product pieces. Radioactive tracers offer a means to do something in this respect which could not be done before, namely, to follow the rupturing of some particular piece in its normal environment of other pieces. That is, it permits going beyond the usual statistical limitations of size distribution studies to what may be termed a personalized or individualized study. The purpose of this paper is to present some preliminary experiments conducted with this tool. The method employed was to mark radioactively some constituent of a feed. It is possible, of course, to consider the preparation of two lots of material of which one is radioactive and the other is not, and to blend the two ahead of the comminuting step; but to do so is open to the objection that the two preparations may not be identical. Therefore a technique has been chosen that removes this objection by merely taking out a size fraction of a comminution feed, rendering that fraction radioactive by exposure to a neutron flux, and then by returning it to Table I. Size Distribution of Offspring Albite Particles Originally 28/35 Mesh and in Admixture with Other Sizes After Grinding 2 min in a Steel Ball Mill Specific Activity ' Cumu- Corrected Distrl- latlve Size for Back- butlon In Distri- Fractlon ground, Weight, Product, button, of Product, cpm/gm g Pctb Pct Mesh (A). (W) (P) (ZP) + 28 0 56.0 0 100.1 28/35 62.6 54.0 24.8 75.3 35/48 62.8 59.4 27.7 47.6 48/65 41.1 53.0 16.2 31.4 65/100 29.6 45.7 10.2 21.2 100/150 23.7 37.0 6.6 14.6 150/200 23.3 25.1 4.4 10.2 200/270 20.1 19.0 2.9 7.3 270/400 17.8 21.2 2.9 4.4 -400 22.9 25.2 4.4 — 100.1 a These activity determinations were made in rapid succession in the order given. The specific activity (Ao) of the active 28/35 mesh fraction of the feed was measured at the beginning, after the measurement on the 65/100 mesh size fraction of the product, and; The end. The decay-corrected activities at those times were 246.7, 241.0. and 236.9 cpm per gm. The weight (W0) of the active 28/35 mesh fraction in the feed was 55.0. b Example of calculation for P in the 65/100 mesh oroduct frac- A W tion; A = 29.6, W = 45.7, Ao = 242.7, Wo = 55.0: P = — x — Ao Wo = 0.102 = 10.2 pet. the remainder of the charge for the comminution experiment. A relatively simple procedure was developed by which albite, containing sodium, was activated in the M.I.T. cyclotron. The cyclotron makes highspeed deuterons which impinge on a beryllium target, thereby producing a concentrated neutron flux. The mineral was exposed to this flux for 2 hr. This treatment changed enough of the sodium to sodium 24 (14.8 hr half-life, 1.4 mev ß) as to make detection and measurement easy. The nuclear reactions taking place were: 11Na23 (n,?) 11Na24 (irradiation) 11Na24 ß,?,? 12Mg24 (decay) The detailed technique of the experimentation was as follows: 40 kg of hand-sorted, lump albite were crushed to pass 10 mesh. After careful mixing of the lot, a screen analysis was made. The whole lot of material was fractionated on standard Tyler screens from 14 down to 200 mesh. Samples for experiments were compounded from these fractions in accordance with the screen analysis. When it was desired to make an experiment in which, for example, the 28/35 mesh size fraction was to be studied, the blend of size fractions was made as indicated above, except that the 28/35 mesh size fraction was added only after irradiation in the cyclotron. The blended charge containing the activated albite was ground for 2 min in a laboratory ball mill with a steel ball charge of controlled size distribution. The ground product was carefully sized on a set of Tyler screens in a Ro-tap. Each size was analyzed for radioactivity by the use of an end-window Geiger-Mueller counter and standard scaling circuit. This analysis was carried out in detail as follows: a 20-g sample was placed in a Petri dish, packed carefully to obtain reproducible geometric distribution with reference to the Geiger-Mueller tube, and the activity was counted for a 2-min period. Several determinations of the activity of the active size fraction in the feed were made at various times to establish the decay in activity with time. Linear interpolation was used to evaluate the activity that the active size fraction in the feed would have had at any given instant. The ratio of the observed activity in a size fraction of the product to the activity that the active size fraction in the feed would have had at the same time gives the fraction in the product size that came from the irradiated size in the feed. The general formula for finding the distribution, P, of a specific individual size fraction in the feed

Jan 1, 1952

Jan 1, 1949

Jan 1, 1944

Jan 1, 1944