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By R. G. Patterson

The usual procedure in determining the magnetic susceptibilities of rocks and formations has been to take samples in the field and measure their volume susceptibilities in the laboratory, using one of numerous methods available. In none of these methods is the measuring instrument suited for field use. Usually the sample is pulverized; sometimes it is machined to a desired sue and shape, and in one method1 a cast of the sample is made and the susceptibility of the rock compared with that of a material of known susceptibility of the same size and shape, made from the cast of the original sample. Some writers assert that the difference in susceptibility of a rock sample in powdered and solid forms is negligible, and while doubtless this is true in many cases there are others in which the difference becomes appreciable. Further, the susceptibility of a small specimen may differ from that of the rock from which it is taken, owing to the stresses produced by the hammering or other forces used to obtain the sample and shape it for testing. Wilson2 found that an individual specimen of granite had about the same susceptibility in the solid as in the powdered form, but that pieces from different parts of the rock varied as much as 750 per cent because of unequal distribution of magnetite. The most accurate value of susceptibility would, obviously, be obtained from averag- ing a number of tests on the undisturbed rock instead of from one or two samples. No such procedures have been published, to the writer's knowledge. It is the purpose of this paper to describe a method by which susceptibilities of rocks may be determined in place by means of a portable instrument. Method The principle involved in this new method is that there is a change in inductance of a coil due to the presence in its magnetic field of a paramagnetic or dia-magnetic medium. In this case, however, the windings of the coil do not enclose any part of the rock under test. Instead, the coil is circular, being small in cross section as compared to its radius, and consists of several hundred turns of fine wire. It is placed flat on the rock of which the susceptibility is to be measured. Thus only part of the magnetic field from the coil penetrates the rock under test. The relation between the change in field strength or inductance of the coil and the susceptibility of the medium will be developed later. To measure the change in the inductance of the coil due to the presence of a magnetic material an alternating-current inductance bridge was chosen. Description of Apparatus Of many alternating-current bridge methods applicable,3 the one shown in Fig. 1 (Owen's bridge') was adopted for its simplicity and sensitivity. In Fig. I, the test coil is indicated by PlL1. It is connected to the bridge by about

Jan 1, 1946

By Alfred Brooks

THE only oil produced in Alaska in 1923 was obtained from a dozen small wells, one of which was drilled during the year on the single patented tract of petroleum land in Alaska, in the Katalla field. These wells are owned by the Chilkat Oil Co., which finds a ready local market for its product in the form of gasoline produced in its own refinery. The search for oil has been continued, but except in the Cold Bay field there has been no drilling in new fields during the year. Drilling was in progress during 1923 at Pearl Dome, 18 miles from the coast. Here the Associated Oil Co. sank two wells, about 500 and 950 ft. deep, but suspended drilling in June. The Standard Oil Co., drilling on the same structure, reached a depth of 300 ft. by August and is reported to have reached about 700 ft. by November. The company began the, installation of a second drill in August. George C. Martin, who hastily examined the Chignik region, south of the Cold Bay field, reports that what is known of the geology near Chignik is not favorable to the presence of petroleum. Kirtley Mather, who made a geologic survey of the northern part of the Alaska Peninsula, reports that some of the structures and the formations are favorable to the presence of oil. A small seepage has long been known in the region near the mouth of Douglas River, which flows into Cook Inlet. Sidney Paige last summer made an examination .of the oil seepages which have long been known near Cape Simpson, 50 miles southeast of Point Barrow, the northernmost point of Alaska. He reports that there are two very large seepages emanating from small ridges about a mile apart and several miles from the coast. These are marked by flowing petroleum, and cover many acres. There is a very large accumulation of petroleum residue at these seepages. The surface exposures consist of clay shales with hard thin partings of calcareous shale which lie nearly horizontal, and are probably, of Jurassic age. Mr. Paige and his two sub-parties explored a large area inland from the Arctic coast between Cape Beaufort on the south and Point Barrow and Cape Simpson on the north. He himself ascended the Meade River for 150 miles. These surveys indicate a wide distribution of what is believed to be the formation from which the Cape Simpson seepages emerge, which is probably of Jurassic age. These rocks near the north Arctic coast are little disturbed, but are increasingly folded to the south, toward the mountains. No other seepages have been found, but what is known of the geology is not unfavorable to an oil field. This entire region lies in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, and it was examined by the Geological Survey at the request and expense of the Department of the Navy.

Jan 3, 1924

By R. G. Paterson

THE usual procedure in determining the magnetic susceptibilities of rocks and formations has been to take samples in the field and measure their volume susceptibilities in the laboratory, using one of numerous methods available. In none of these methods is the measuring instrument suited for field use. Usually the sample is pulverized; sometimes it is machined to a desired size and shape, and in one method' a cast of the sample is made and the susceptibility of the rock compared with that of a material of known susceptibility of the same size and shape, made from the cast of the original sample. Some writers assert that the difference in susceptibility of a rock sample in powdered and solid forms is negligible, and while doubtless this is true in many cases there are others in which the difference becomes appreciable. Further, the susceptibility of a small specimen may differ from that of the rock from which it is taken, owing to the stresses produced by the hammering or other forces used to obtain the sample and shape it for testing. Wilson2 found that an individual specimen of granite had about the same susceptibility in the solid as in the powdered form, but that pieces from different parts of the rock varied as much as 750 per cent because of unequal distribution of magnetite. The most accurate value of susceptibility would, obviously, be obtained from averaging a number of tests on the undisturbed rock instead of from one or two samples. No such procedures have been published, to the writer's knowledge. It is the purpose of this paper to describe a method by which susceptibilities of rocks may be determined in place by means of a portable instrument. METHOD The principle involved in this new method is that there is a change in inductance of a coil due to the presence in its magnetic field of a paramagnetic or diamagnetic medium. In this case, however, the windings of the coil do not enclose any part of the rock under test. Instead, the coil is circular, being small in cross section as compared to its radius, and consists of several hundred turns of fine wire. It is placed flat on the rock of which the susceptibility is to be measured. Thus only part of the magnetic field from the coil penetrates the rock under test. The relation between the change in field strength or inductance of the coil and the susceptibility of the medium will be developed later. To measure the change in the inductance of the coil due to the presence of a magnetic material an alternating-current inductance bridge was chosen. DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS Of many alternating-current bridge methods applicable,3 the one shown in Fig. I (Owen's bridge') was adopted for its simplicity and sensitivity. In Fig. I, the test coil is indicated by P1L1. It is connected to the bridge by about

Jan 1, 1941

By D. V. Carter, C. Williams

During 1943 five oil fields and two gas-condensate fields were discovered in the East and East Central Texas district. The New Hope field, discovered by Tide Water-Seaboard in Franklin County, is the most important oil discovery since the Hawkins field in 1940. At the close of the year two oil sands were producing and two additional oil sands were being tested. The gas-condensate fields of Appleby in Nacog-doches County and the Stewards Mill field in Freestone County had only one producing well each. The Carthage field was extended 3 miles north and 4 miles west. Another well that was testing at the year end indicated a probable eastward extension of several miles. The Quitman field, in Wood County, was the most active from the standpoint of drilling operations. Approximately 48 wells were complcted during the year. The second and third most active fields were Hawkins field, Wood County, and Kildare field, Cass County, respectively. Wartime restrictions of material, together with manpower shortage and Federal spacing regulations, reduced the number of oil and gas-well completions from 265 in I942 to 171 in 1943. This represents a drop of 35 percent, or approximately 1/3, enough to replace the 531 producing wells abandoned in the district during the year. No changes were made in the price of crude oil in the district in 1943. The district produced 177,652,940 bbl. of condensate and oil during 1943. This represents an increase of approximately 11 per cent compared with the previous year. The East Texas field, which is the largest and most important field in the district, had an annual production of 128,568,647 bbl. of oil, which is approximately 6.5 per cent more than the previous year, and represents 72 per cent of the district's production of condensate and oil for the year. The district had an estimated basic daily allowable of approximately 509,000 bbl. of oil on Dec. 31, 1943. The entire district produced approximately 30 pcr cent of the state's production for the year 1943. The Hawkins field, Wood County, was operated 271 days during the year and with an average daily production of approximately 52,488 bbl. for the year. This field, which is the second largest in the district, produced 14,224,164 bbl, of oil during the year. Changes in annual production in certain fields in the district can be attributed to their ability to produce at higher rates, the demand, and transportation facilities in the war effort. The East Texas field showed an over-all decrease in reservoir pressure of 8.30 lb. during the year. Indications were that through the first quarter of 1944 the return of salt water to the reservoir was having a beneficial effect. It is hoped that, as more and more water is returned to the reser-

Jan 1, 1944

By R. G. Patterson

The usual procedure in determining the magnetic susceptibilities of rocks and formations has been to take samples in the field and measure their volume susceptibilities in the laboratory, using one of numerous methods available. In none of these methods is the measuring instrument suited for field use. Usually the sample is pulverized; sometimes it is machined to a desired sue and shape, and in one method1 a cast of the sample is made and the susceptibility of the rock compared with that of a material of known susceptibility of the same size and shape, made from the cast of the original sample. Some writers assert that the difference in susceptibility of a rock sample in powdered and solid forms is negligible, and while doubtless this is true in many cases there are others in which the difference becomes appreciable. Further, the susceptibility of a small specimen may differ from that of the rock from which it is taken, owing to the stresses produced by the hammering or other forces used to obtain the sample and shape it for testing. Wilson2 found that an individual specimen of granite had about the same susceptibility in the solid as in the powdered form, but that pieces from different parts of the rock varied as much as 750 per cent because of unequal distribution of magnetite. The most accurate value of susceptibility would, obviously, be obtained from averag- ing a number of tests on the undisturbed rock instead of from one or two samples. No such procedures have been published, to the writer's knowledge. It is the purpose of this paper to describe a method by which susceptibilities of rocks may be determined in place by means of a portable instrument. Method The principle involved in this new method is that there is a change in inductance of a coil due to the presence in its magnetic field of a paramagnetic or dia-magnetic medium. In this case, however, the windings of the coil do not enclose any part of the rock under test. Instead, the coil is circular, being small in cross section as compared to its radius, and consists of several hundred turns of fine wire. It is placed flat on the rock of which the susceptibility is to be measured. Thus only part of the magnetic field from the coil penetrates the rock under test. The relation between the change in field strength or inductance of the coil and the susceptibility of the medium will be developed later. To measure the change in the inductance of the coil due to the presence of a magnetic material an alternating-current inductance bridge was chosen. Description of Apparatus Of many alternating-current bridge methods applicable,3 the one shown in Fig. 1 (Owen's bridge') was adopted for its simplicity and sensitivity. In Fig. I, the test coil is indicated by PlL1. It is connected to the bridge by about

Jan 1, 1946

By P. H. Royster, T. L. Joseph

In a study of the blast-furnace process, the Bureau of Mines has made many experiments for the purpose of determining the exact nature of the combustion of coke in the neighborhood of the tuyeres. Two papers1 presented at a meeting of this Institute discussed somewhat the practical aspects of coke combustibility in its relation to the operation of the blast furnace. In a later paper,2 Sherman and Kinney discussed the possible effect of variations in the combustibility of cokes on the furnace operation, and find that the "reoxidation theory" of Koppers and the "heat concentration theory" of Brassert³ are insuffcient to explain the variation in the conduct of different cokes that has been observed by furnace operators. In their report to the D-5 Committee of the American Society for Testing Materials, with which the Bureau of Mines has been cooperating, Perrott and Fieldner4 seem to agree with Sherman and Kinney that, for practical purposes, the nature of the combustion of coke at the tuyeres of any furnace is constant and is affected neither by the physical properties of the coke nor by the nature of the furnace operation. They omit as unimportant any tests on the combustibility of coke from their proposed methods for standard tests on coke. In the last two papers, it is pointed out that performance tests, in which all other factors except coke quality are kept constant, are to be desired and

Jan 1, 1924

By H. L. Tedrow

FACED with a scarcity of labor in its operations at Alma, Colo., the London Mines and Milling Co. has been employing women for several months in its sorting and crushing plant. The results so far obtained indicate that women can be used successfully and to good advantage on a number of various jobs around the surface plant of an ordinary mine. Eight women are now employed as sorters to pick waste out of the ore as it passes by them on a sorting belt. After a short period of breaking in they have become adept at their work and are doing better work than that formerly done by the class of labor obtainable. They are continually warned and instructed, particularly from the standpoint of safety and their physical strength.

Jan 1, 1942

By Henry M. Howe

This paper is a discussion of the extremely valuable one of Mathewson and Phillips, The Recrystallization of Cold-Worked Alpha Brass on Annealing,1 which not only gives us a wealth of important data reached with great intelligence, but also shows both uncommon powers of imagination and a perfectly fair spirit. Let me try to analyze some of their results, and to enunciate some of the laws to which these results point. For brevity I refer to them as "The Authors." The page numbers in parentheses refer to their paper. 1. The Visible Aspects of Recrystallization.—Plastic deformation in a single direction, as in cold-rolling, draws the grains out in that direction, that is, inequiaxes them, without destroying their apparent individuality. Each grain seems to endure the drawing out without changing either its volume or its orientation materially, for the etching tint of each grain seems to be as uniform after as before the drawing out, save for the "etch bands,"2 shown in Figs. A to D of the Authors' Plate I. As the drawn-out metal is heated progressively, on reaching a certain "disintegration temperature" these old grains seem to break up, probably into submicroscopic fragments, and this apparent disintegration is followed by a coalescence of these fragments, so that their number decreases and their size increases, till they may become very much coarser than before the drawing out. Ruder3 coarsened the grains of silicon steel in this way till single grains reached an area of 50 cm. (7.75 sq. in.). The deformation itself probably breaks each grain up into many very small fragments, but the fact that each grain continues to have a uniform etching tint different from that of its neighbors indicates that these fragments retain the initial common orientation of the grain. The apparent disintegration which we observe, then, is rather an abandonment of community of orientation for individuality of orientation, by the fragments formed earlier during the deformation. Hence we

Jan 1, 1917

By Howard R. Keil

Reactor at Carlton mill successfully calcines pyrite-telluride flotation concentrate for cyanidation. CARLTON mill in the Cripple Creek district, 45 miles southwest of Colorado Springs, Colo., has been in operation for approximately three years, treating the custom sulpho-telluride ores formerly handled by the Golden Cycle mill in Colorado Springs. At the new mill the pyrite-telluride flotation concentrates have been roasted, prior to cyani-dation, in a Dorrco FluoSolids reactor, which has proved capable of yielding calcine readily amenable to cyanidation. Incoming ores are crushed at Carlton to % in. and sampled in 30 to 75-ton lots before the individual lots are mixed in the fine ore bin. The composite ore then goes to the grinding circuit. Classifier overflow from the grinding circuit is treated by flotation to produce a concentrate containing approximately 85 pct of the values in 5 pct of the weight. The flotation concentrate goes to the FluoSolids reactor prior to cyanidation. Cyanide solution values are recovered by zinc dust precipitation. Flotation tailings are thickened and cyanided, the values from this part of the circuit being recovered from solution by activated carbon. Gold values in the flotation concentrates consist of a small amount of finely divided metallic gold; the tellurides, sylvanite and calaverite; and gold very intimately associated with the pyrite. The metallic gold and a part of the telluride values can be extracted from the concentrates by cyaniding without roasting. However, extraction on the tellurides by this method is not satisfactory, and the pyrite values are so intimately associated with the pyrite that very fine grinding and cyanidation for a prolonged period under ideal laboratory conditions does not yield good recovery. Upon roasting, the tellurides are oxidized to very finely divided metallic gold which is readily soluble in cyanide. The pyrite is oxidized mainly to a porous iron oxide which allows cyanide solution to penetrate to gold particles and take them into solution. Feeding the Reactor Flotation concentrates move by gravity to a thickener. Thickener underflow is discharged at approximately 60 pct solids, by means of a diaphragm pump, into a storage and blending agitator. From here the concentrates are pumped to a disc filter. The filter cake, at 84 to 88 pct solids, drops directly into a repulper where it is repulped into a slurry of 78 to 80 pct solids. The repulped filter cake flows into a 6x6-ft slurry agitator from which it is fed directly into the reactor by the Moyno pump. The Moyno pump has eliminated a large number of difficulties that were first encountered in feeding a wet concentrate to the reactor. On the original installation in Canada a screw feeder was used to introduce the filter cake directly into the reactor. Since the reactor is under a slight positive pressure it was necessary to have a suitable seal to prevent gas escaping from the reactor at this point. When the concentrates produced in flotation were coarse or granular they could be readily fed to the reactor but when fine-textured, clayey concentrates were produced a great deal of trouble was encountered.

Jan 1, 1955

By John Richards

MY remarks will be confined to the experience of our company in mining the No. 8 seam of coal in Ohio, although I believe that the relationship existing here between the method of mining and the method of cleaning will hold true in many of the coal seams throughout the country. The increasing demand for a cleaner and better graded product is being felt throughout the entire coal industry, and the methods of mining are playing an important part in the control of various sizes and quality of coal produced. We have found a definite relation between the mechanical loading of coal and its preparation for the market. In the No. 8 coal seam the location of the non-combustible material is regular. The' marketable coal lies in three benches, separated by streaks or bands of impurities. These impurities must be removed from the coal to properly pre pare the product for the market. Where hand-loading methods are employed, the loader removes as much of this non-combustible material as possible at the working face. The impurities that are missed by the loaders are removed as the coal passes through the preparation plant, by means of picking tables. As this method of cleaning cannot improve the quality of the extremely fine sizes, a practice has been established in the company's hand-loading mines, of undercutting the coal about 2 in. above the bottom of the seam, thereby eliminating any possibility of impurities caused by the cutting machines cutting into the rock bottom below the coal seam.

Jan 1, 1934

By Prince Lazarovich Hrebilianovich

I was asked by the chairman of one of the Sessions on Employment Problems to talk about the viewpoint of the foreign workingman. I am not a workingman. I have never done what a work-hand might call an honest day's labor; that is, I have never been in a factory or manufacturing plant or in a mine, though in truth, hard work and I are well acquainted. I was a soldier, am an engineer, have long been actively interested in the most important waterway construction in the near East, have served politics and diplomacy, written books and lectured at universities. My knowledge of the foreign workingman in this country comes from the fact that my own compatriots here at various times came to me and appealed for advice and help, and last year I was asked by the employment manager of a corporation to undertake a welfare job at one of their plants. I went out, saw the plant, talked with the superintendent and outlined certain of my ideas which he personally heartily approved, but which did not find favor with those higher up. I approach the subject of the foreign workman's point of view with the understanding that the industrial employer's effort is for the maximum of efficiency. I am conversant with labor conditions abroad both in industry and agriculture. What I have learned of industrial conditions in America as they affect the foreign immigrant has been chiefly gathered from the cases referred to of foreign workmen who from time to time have come to me with their troubles. In the course of those investigations, in order to give whatever help or advice was possible, I have been impressed with the fact that the great United States industries evidently had not yet sufficiently recognized the value of studying the conditions of the workingman in the lands of his origin across the seas. A careful study of that which could be called the moral element in connection with its foreign labor would give industry a knowledge of the man's reason for coming, what grievances he brings with him, his hopes for a future, and the peculiar character of his capacities. The employer would thereby be enabled to meet the man, to be helpful to him, to aid him and at the same time promote industrial efficiency, inasmuch as a workman who believes that he is being dealt with humanly and squarely is contented and satisfied and will give willingly, and even with pride, the best that is in him; justice and a 'air deal is all the man wants.

Jan 1, 1918

President MRS. REED W. HYDE 84 Mountain Ave. Summit, N. J. First Vice-President MRS, WILLIAM A. SCHEUCH Trent St. Great Kills, S. I., N. Y. Second Vice-President MRS. THORNS E. LLOYD Box B Netcong, N. J. Third Vice-President MRS. H.. T. HAMILTON 24 Ridge Rd. Summit, N. J.' Fourth. Vice-President MRS. R. A. PALLANCH 1342 Laird Ave. Salt Lake City, Utah

Jan 1, 1939

By P. E. McKinney

Developments in engineering during the past decade, particularly as applied to marine construction, mining machinery and other purposes in which corrosion offers a serious problem, have created a large demand for a non-ferrous metal highly resistant to corrosion and at the same time useful in general construction work as a substitute for steel without materially decreasing the factor of safety or increasing the weight of the various parts over that ordinarily used in the case of mild steel. To obtain the combination of desired properties many compositions have been proposed and used with excellent success, but at the present time probably the most popular and most widely used combination is the non-ferrous alloy commonly called manganese bronze. This is nothing more than a high brass to which have been added, by the proper method of alloying, comparatively small percentages of aluminum, iron, or manganese with the definite purpose in view of strengthening the alloy and rendering it more dense and close-grained than the average yellow-brass casting. In the manufacture of manganese bronze a great deal has been said about the importance of using only the highest grades of raw material and the beneficial or detrimental effects, as the case may be, of various impurities, as well as the importance of adding the ingredients according to various formulas proposed; but in most of these cases the literature on the subject has dealt principally with the manufacture of this alloy from virgin metals and raw materials of the highest purity. It is the purpose of this paper to deal particularly with the possibilities that lie in the proper development of methods for manufacturing such an alloy by more economical methods than those which have usually been discussed in other literature on the subject. Shortages have recently existed in raw materials needed for many products entering into the various branches of engineering work, particularly the non-ferrous metals, and during the next few years of reconstruction the country will be flooded with many

Jan 1, 1919

By AIME AIME

DESPITE the meetings and discussions on over- production the situation still continues to grow worse instead of better. The demand for oil has dropped to 2,700,000 bbl. per day. On the other hand domestic production has risen to 2,700,000 bbl. with prospects of further increases, and if imports and natural gas-gasoline be added to this the current supply is about 3,100,000 bbl. per day. Though during the summer and early fall the demand may exceed this figure for a few months the prospects are that 'the average demand during 1929 will be at least 200,000 bbl. per day less than the present current supply, meaning additions to stocks over the year of about 75,000,000 bbl.

Jan 1, 1929

By James Ruddy

THE medical program of the Climax Molybdenum Co. is under the supervision of the department of industrial medicine of the University of Colorado, of which James J. Waring, professor of medicine at the University Medical School, is director. Dr. Waring is consultant and direct supervisor of both the hospital and industrial medical department at Climax. At Climax the program is in charge of the medical director and the associate physician, Dr. Galen M. Hover. The hospital at Climax is completely equipped with all that is necessary for the practice of scientific medicine and surgery. Only graduate registered nurses with experience in industrial medicine are employed. Being only a few hundred yards from the portal of the mine. acci-

Jan 1, 1946

By W. C. Lilliendahl, G. Meister

Uranium metal with a purity of about 99.9 pct was produced on a large scale by fused salt electrolysis with a material efficiency of about 90 pct. The material efficiency depends mainly on bath composition, electrolysis temperature, electrode smothering, and elutriation during washing of the powder. RESEARCH and development work on fused salt electrolysis carried on by the Westinghouse Lamp Div. Bloomfield, N. J., was done under the Manhattan District Corps of Engineers and later under the Atomic Energy Commission for the commercialization of uranium production for the first atomic pile at the University of Chicago in 1942. From the conception of the atomic bomb project it was recognized that metals with impurity levels having little metallurgical significance would be required. Permissible impurity levels were based on neutron absorption. Of particular significance was boron, which could not be present in amounts exceeding 1 ppm. The electrolytic method as developed in 1930 by Driggs and Lilliendahl,1,2 and later improved, yielded uranium of very low boron and other deleterious impurity content. No other method was capable at that time of producing uranium metal of the required purity.' The low boron content of uranium produced by the electrolytic process resulted from the availability of the reactants which were low in boron content, and from the inherent elimination of boron in the fused salt bath. Since the heart of any electrolytic process is the electrolysis cell, this paper will deal with the development of the original bath composition for the efficient production of uranium from a batch process to one of continuous operation. Emphasis also will be placed on other factors which will affect the material efficiency of the process. With the laboratory cell the material efficiency of uranium powder recovery in the early electrolysis was relatively low, about 35 pct based on the ratio of uranium recovered to uranium added. This early process also had other defects. The electro- lytic bath could not be used continuously. After three runs from a freshly charged crucible, the deposit showed a tendency to slip off the electrode as it was raised from the bath. This condition necessitated pouring the charge every fourth run and preparing a new bath. It was assumed at that time that this condition was caused by the increasing fluoride concentration with each addition of uranium salt, which adected the mobility of the uranium ions. Experimental The electrolysis cells differed in size only. They were of the floating cathode type. The laboratory cells were 21/2 in. ID and 6 in. deep and operated at 30 amp and 5 volts. Production was about 150 g metal powder per 8 hr. The plant cells (5 units) were 9 in. ID x 21 in. deep and operated at 1800 amp at 12 volts. The total production unit was designed to produce 250 lb of uranium powder per 8 hr day. Because of the tendency of uranium fines toward spontaneous combustion, material efficiencies were based only on the recovery of useful coarser metal which could be safely handled. The reported efficiencies are of particular significance only as related to the same group of experimental procedures. At the start of the project no changes were contemplated until previous data could be definitely confirmed. Therefore, the first experiments were with the 50 pct CaCl2-50 pct NaCl mixture. The material efficiency of uranium deposition as a function of the number of electrolyses is shown in Table I. In Table I, the decrease in efficiency at 800°C with number of runs is apparent and confirmed the earlier data. Operating at 900°C enabled the number of runs to be doubled, but before pouring the charge the efficiency of recovery became poor. This test indicated that the improved efficiency might have been caused by an increase in the fluidity of the bath.

Jan 1, 1958

WELL known member of the Institute, Henry Krumb, survived the Japanese earthquake and has written a most interesting description of his personal experience to a friend in New York, an extended excerpt from which we publish, by permission, below. Not having been written for publication it has increased value as a human document in its vivid description of personal impressions and sensations in the midst of such a catastrophe. The earthquake was the most terrible experience I have ever passed through. We arrived at Miyanoshita, Friday, Aug. 31, about 6 p.m., having left Yokohama about 2:30 that afternoon by automobile. It was a most beautiful ride, although rather warm, but not unusually so, as it has been uncomfortably hot ever since we arrived in Japan. The first part of this automobile trip was along the old highway from Kyoto to Tokyo, which is lined with fine old pine trees. There are 52 villages along this highway and we saw real Japanese country life: naked children, both boys and girls, and men wearing nothing but gee-strings. The country on either side was intensively cultivated, the green rice fields and lotus ponds making a most beautiful sight. The occasional hills were all re-forested with young pines. In places the road runs close to the ocean beaches. The last part of the trip was up a steep mountain road, cut out of the side of the mountain. On one side of the road, in the gulch below, was a roaring river. The road crosses this river several times. Miyanoshita is beautifully located on the side of a mountain about 400 ft. above this river at an altitude of 1400 ft. The grounds of the hotel are laid out in Japanese style, small lakes with fish, waterfalls and dwarf trees making a very pretty sight. On the morning of Sept. 1, after walking around the garden and the hotel, we went to our room and I started to write up a few notes. Mrs. Krumb was reading a guide book. A few minutes before noon she came over to the table where I was writing and said that it was about lunch time. Just at that moment hell broke loose. It was the first earthquake I have ever experienced and I did not immediately realize what was happening. The building was shaking as a mine office might shake when heavy blasting was going on near by. Mrs. Krumb, having experienced many earthquakes, stepped to the open door between our room and the bathroom and called to me to get out from under the chande-lier. The plaster was commencing to fall and a large wardrobe fell over. I then knew what was happening and ran to the win dow. Before I reached it a large chunk of plaster from the ceiling hit me on the head and cut my forehead and nose. Mrs. Krumb ran for the other window just as the marble mantelpiece and the dresser fell. Without any hesitation, she jumped out of the win-dow and I followed suit out of the other. Luckily neither of us sprained an ankle-we had jumped 8 ft. We started to runaway from the building but had not gone more than 25 ft. when a second shock or rather a continuation of the first became so violent and the ground under our feet was trembling so that it was almost impossible to stand up without holding on to a tree. The ground seemed to have become liquid and rocked violently, it seemed to me in a vertical direction. In some later shocks the movement was more horizontal. About this time Mrs. Krumb saw the blood on my face and commenced to break down, but only for a moment: As soon as she saw it was not serious she was all right and during the following days stood the experiences and hardships as well as the best of them:

Jan 11, 1923

The Committee on Valuation of the American Electric Railway Association, has had compiled a "Bibliography on Valuation of Public Utilities." The work was done by the library force of the American Society of Civil Engineers, and brings up to Dec. 23, 1915; a bibliography issued by the American Society of Civil Engineers on May 15, 1912. The Bibliography has been printed -and issued by the American Electric Railway Association, 8 West 40th Street, New York, N. Y., and may be obtained from its Secretary on the payment of 50 c. References are arranged under the following headings: General, Electric Light and Power, Gas Works, Mining, Railroads, Steam Power, Street and Inter-urban Railways, Telegraph and Telephone., Water Power, Water Works. References are given to the principal technical publications, to various works on the question, of valuation, to rules and regulations of Commissions and other official bodies, and to the proceedings of various societies. Undoubtedly the compilation is the most comprehensive that has yet been published.

Jan 7, 1916

J: H. POLHEMUS, New York, N. Y. (written discussion*).-The Joplin .mining and milling practice has largely influenced operating methods in the Wisconsin district. Milling equipment is essentially of the same type with the notable exception that no tables are used. The treatment of the flue 'sands has been attempted several times but without commercial success. Table material coming from any one mill is low both in tonnage and zinc content. The iron is comparatively high as the pyrite-line "chat" is much more prevalent than the zinc-lime attached particle. In the finer sizes the zinc occurs mainly as free mineral. These condi-tions make the production of good-grade table concentrates very diffi-cult. The accompanying tabulated results from several mill tests indi-cate the character of the mill tails. I think the average mill tails in the district assay nearer 1.5 per cent. zinc than under 1 per cent., as stated by Messrs. Boericke and Garnett.

Jan 10, 1919

By Bailey, Lewis Newton

Bailey, Lewis Newton, Master Engineer, Senior Oracle, 4th Regiment, U. S. Engineers, Headquarters Company, died of pneumonia, at Camp Merritt, N. J., on April 30, 1918. Baird, Louis, Lieut., Royal Field Artillery, British Army, died on the battlefield in 1915. Ballamy, John H., Capt., 103d Engineers, killed in action near Fismes, Aug. 9, 1918. Burt, Andrew, died in active service, 1916. Cobeldick, William Morley, Royal Engineers, died from gas poisoning on October 7, 1915. Dougall, Ralph, 4th University Co., Princess Patricia Regiment, killed in action early in the war. Evans, Alfred Winter, Lieut.-Col., New Zealand Rifle Brigade, D. S. 0., D. C. M. killed in action on October 12, 1917. Gorman, Thomas C., Lieut., Canadian Engineers, killed in France, Mar. 18, 1918. Hague, William, 1st Lieut., Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps, died in active service, Jan. 1,, 1918. Hall, William T., Capt., Royal Flying Corps, killed in action, May 19, 1917.

Jan 11, 1918