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By Emilie Williams

Introduction Mouska Mine, Doyon Division site Background and timeline Obstacles to standard paste delivery system Components of Mouska paste system Technical considerations Operational considerations Mouska Mine Underground gold mine 30 km east of Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec Part of Doyon Division, 100% owned by IAMGold Commercial production since 1991 Cumulative production over 850,000 oz Conventional mining until 2009 485 m shaft from surface 560 m internal shaft 500 tpd (ore and waste) Off-site milling Approximately 150 employees

Oct 1, 2010

By Ron Tluczek

[Power Point Presentation]

Jan 1, 2006

By A. C. Fieldner

"Purpose and Nature of Tests:The rapidly increasing use of motor vehicles and trucks in the United States is creating an entirely new problem in the proper ventilation of tunnels, subways and other confined spaces through which such machines must pass. This problem has become of immediate importance because a tunnel 3,000 ft. long is being designed to pass under the Hudson River between New York City and New Jersey. Another tunnel at Pittsburgh 5,700 ft. long through the South Hills, is already under construction, and a third tunnel, 6,000 ft. between Boston and Past Boston is proposed. It is probably that other tunnels will be started in various parts of the United States in the near future.The ventilation of such tunnels is a serious matter, on account of the poisonous nature of automobile exhaust gases. It not uncommon to read about finding a man dead in his garage. Generally this happens on a cold, winter morning, after he has been running the engine with the doors and windows closed."

Mar 1, 1920

Mine Safety in Chile ?Since the year 2000 fatality rate averages 34 per year ?1% of world mining labour force but 8% of world?s mining fatalities San Jose Mine Safety ?From 1998 to 2010 eight fatalities ?In 2003 mine inspectors recognized no second means of egress and a raise system was developed ?In 2006 182 workers were injured, 56 of them seriously ?In January 2007, there was a fatality after a rock burst, and the government ordered the mine closed ?Less than a year later the mine was back in operations. It had not complied with some of the basic safety measures ordered. One of those measures was to complete the escape way ladder.

May 1, 2011

Page The Cobaltchromium Binary System (paper by A. R. Elsea, A. B. \Yesterman, and G. K. Manning, Met. Tech. June, 1948, Mechanism of Precipitation in a Permanent Magnet Alloy (paper by A. H. Geisler and J. B. Newkirk, Met. Tech. Aug. 1948, Tp 2444)................................................................................................. 300 Some Effects of Applied Stresses on Precipitation Phenomena (~aper by W. L. Finlay and W. R. Hibbard, Jr., Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, Tp 2470)....................................................................................... 301 Diffusion of Carbon in Austenite with a Discontinuity in Composition (paper by L. S. Darken, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2443) 304 An Electron Diffraction Study of Oxide Films Formed on Nickelchromium Alloys (paper by J. W. Hickman and E. A. Gul- bramen, Met. Tech. June 1948, Tp 2372)..................................................................... 305 An Electron Diffraction Study of Oxide Films Formed on Copper-nickel Alloys at Elevated Temperatures (paper by J. W. Hickman and E. A. Gulbransen, Met. Tech. June 1948, TP 2391)................................................ 307 Decarburization of Chrome Nickel Alloys by Their Surface Oxides in High Vacua and at Elevated Temperatures (paper by E. A. Gulbransen, W. S. Wysong, and K. Andrew, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2438)................................ 307 Fractographic Study of Cast Molybdenum (paper by C. A. Zapffe, F. K. Landgraf and C. 0. Worden, Met. Tech. Aug. 1948, TP 2421)................................................................................................. 308 Effect of Composition on Grain Growth in Aluminum-magnesium Solid Solutions (paper by L. J. Demer and P. A. Beck. Met. Tech. June 1948, TP 2374)............................................................................. 309 Effect of a Dispersed Phase on Grain Growth in Al-Mn Alloys (paper by P. A. Beck, M. L. Holzworth and P. Sperry, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2475)................................................................................. 310 Statistical Rate Theory of Metals—Mechanism of Flow and Application to Tensile Properties (paper by J. W. Fredrickson and H. Eyring, Met. Tech. Aug. 1948, TP 2423)............................................................... 315 Nucleation of Slip Bands (paper by J. G. Leschen, R. P. Carreker, and J. H. Hollomon, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2476) and.. 318 Transient Plastic Deformation (paper by R. P. Carreker, J. G. Leschen, and J. D. Lubahn, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2477).. 318 Plastic Deformation of Large Grained Copper Specimens (paper by W. R. Hibbard, Jr., Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2469). ... 323 Plastic Flow in Anisotropic Sheet Steel (paper by L. R. Jackson, K. F. Smith, and W. T. Lankford, Met. Tech. Aug. 1948, TP 2440)................................................................................................. 323 The Effect of Thermal-mechanical History on the Strain Hardening of Metals (paper by J. E. Dorn, A. Goldberg, and T. E. Tietz, Met. Tech. Sept. l948, TP 2445)....................................................................... 325 The Room and Elevated Temperature Properties of Some Sand Cast Magnesium-base Alloys Containing Zinc (paper by T. E. Leontis, Met. Tech. June 1948, TP 2371)..............................................................., 327 The Low Temperature Properties of Tin and Tin-lead Alloys (paper by H. S. Kalish and F. J. Dunkerley, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2442)............................................................................................335 Thermal and Electrical Properties of Ductile Titanium (paper by E. S. Greiner and W. C. Ellis, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2466).................................................................................................... 335 Property Changes during Aging (paper by A. H. Geisler, Met. Tech. Aug. 1948, TP 2436)............................... 337 Factors Affecting the Tensile Notch Sensitivity of Magnesium Alloy Extrusions (paper by I. Cornet, Met. Tech. Aug. 1948, TP 2419)................................................................................................. 338 Effect of Grain Size on Tensile Strength, Elongation and Endurance Limit of Deep Drawing Brass (paper by H. L. Walker and W. J. Craig, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2478)............................................................. 339 A Copper-base Alloy Containing Iron as a High-strength, Highconductivity Wire Material (paper by W. Hodge, R. I. Jaffee, J. G. Dunleavy, and H. R. Ogden, Met. Tech. Aug. 1948, TP 2422).............................................. 340 A High Strength-High Conductivity Copper-silver Alloy Wire (paper by W. Hodge, R. I. Jaffee, J. G. Dunleavy, and H. R. Ogden, Mel. Tech. June 1948, TP 2366)...................................................................... 340 The Effect of Chronlium on the Ma Point (paper by J. B. Bassett and E. S. Rowland, Met. Tech. Aug. 1948, TP 2417.... 341 The Kappa Eutectoid Transformation in the Copper-silicon System (paper by W. R. Hibbard, Jr., G. H. Eichelman, Jr., and W. P. Saunders, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2441).............................................................. 343 Stabilization of the Ausknite-martensite Transformation (paper by W. R. Harris, Jr. and M. Cohen, Met. Tech. Sept. 1948, TP 2446)................................................................................................ 344 Secondary Hardening of Tempered Martensitic Alloy Steel (paper by W. Crafts and J. L. Lamont. Mel. Tech. Sept. 194,8, TP 2439)................................................................................................. 345

Jan 1, 1950

MINING ENGINEERING presents the annual membership report of the Society of Mining Engineers; see page 147.

Jan 7, 1964

By Yongquan Zhu, Zhengguo Zhu, Zhichun Liu, Chao Kong, Xinqiang Gao

"The aim of the study is to have a good understanding of the change in the seepage field during and after the tunnel excavation in weathering alteration rock. Field tests are used to monitor the changes of the water table and the numerical model is used to analysis the influence of the seepage filed with different operation conditions during and after the tunnel excavation. Results indicate that the depth, diameter and pumpage of precipitation well are the main factors that have a great influence on the drainage effect. Results also indicate that different operation conditions had various effects on the decrease in water yield during tunnel construction and the recovery in groundwater level after construction.INTRODUCTIONAs a potential disease during tunnel construction, Gushing water not only affected construction schedule, increased construction cost, as well as affected tunnel stability and safety during operation, but also decreased ground-water level. What’s more, the fall of water table caused by gushing water in tunnel would have influenced surrounding residents’ living water, agricultural water and ecological environment around tunnel. In recent years, enough emphasis has been paid to the influence on environment due to the construction of tunnel as a result of the reinforcement of people’s environmental protection awareness.As a result of water collection and drainage after excavation, groundwater was discharged into the tunnel, which caused a loss of water resources in the adjacent mountain mass. Furthermore, during tunnel operation, it was difficult for groundwater level to resume its original condition, which caused a bad ecological environment, because drainage system during tunnel construction destroyed its original hydrologic dynamic balance.In order to study whether decreased groundwater level resulting from tunnel construction could be restored during operation to its original condition, this paper gave a field monitoring on tunnel displacement during construction and simultaneously, generalized model of regional hydrogeology was created according to field hydrogeology to carry out a calculation of stable seepage flow and draw comparisons between recovery conditions of various water levels."

Jan 1, 2015

Early theories of coal formation are outlined, with special emphasis on the arguments for allochthony and autochthony. Various aspects of the nature, growth, and decay of the characteristic vegetation of the brown coal peat moors, their conversion into coal, the origin of banding, and the influence of tectonics are discussed.A description of the banding in Victorian brown coals is followed by a discussion of their vitrain, fusain, and natural carbonized coal; and concludes with the nature of the coal resin and the possibilities of its extraction.The nature and derivation of inorganic matter in brown coal, based on Lessing's classification, is described. Assimilation of mineral substances in specific plants with variations due to environmental factorsare illustrated by analyses of present day trees. Consideration is then given to possible sources of salt, marcasite, and quartz in brown coal.It is shown that part of the inherent and extraneous ash may have been removed during and after coal formation. The nature and abundance of the organically combined substances in brown coal emphasizes the anomalies that may arise from estimating the total inorganic matter from ash contents.After classifying deposits on external heating surfaces of boilers, theoretical and practical aspects of slag formation, alkali matrix deposits, and the effect of sulphur and chlorine are considered.Analyses of deposits in boilers burning Victorian brown coal are tabulated.Slagging at the Yallourn power station from sand in the Yallourn open cut, and difficulties with Yallourn North Extension coal at the Maryvale paper mills are described.Tests carried out on Morwell and Yallourn coals showed that with the former, impacted deposits formed on boiler heating surfaces, and left a high percentage of chlorides on probes. Morwell briquettescompared with Yallourn briquettes also reduced the running time of a semi-industrial boiler through deposits with sodium sulphate as...

Jan 1, 1962

By Theodore S. Jordan

The discovery of a major porphyry-type copper deposit on the Papago Indian Reservation in Pinal County, Arizona was announced by El Paso Natural Gas Company in 1968. The deposit, known as the Lakeshore Property, contained an estimated 470 million tons of sulfides and oxides averaging 0.75 percent copper. History and Geology of the area have been described by Harper and Reynolds (1969). El Paso subsequently&apos; entered into the agreement for joint development of the property with Hecla Mining Company, with Hecla as the operator. The ore body consisted of three types of mineralization: 1) Disseminated Oxide Ore, <1% Cu 2) Disseminated Sulfide Ore, <1% Cu 3) Tactite Ore, >1% Cu

Jan 1, 1985

Introduction Some people say it is almost impossible to get mining permits in California. Some say the day of the lone mining entrepreneur is past. And some say you cannot make money mining gold where old-timers have already mined it, especially in Tertiary gravels. But a young mining operator and SME member, Tim Callaway, is proving these ideas wrong. Callaway&apos;s company, Brush Creek Mining and Development Inc., has the necessary permits for its Gardner&apos;s Point gold mine in Sierra County, CA. And, Callaway has secured funds for the 7.7 km&apos;/d (10,000 cypd) Tertiary gravel operation. The company&apos;s initial goal is to produce 373 to 466 kg/a (12,000 to 15,000 oz per year) of gold at Gardner&apos;s Point mine at a cost of less than $6.43/g ($200 per oz). Feasibility studies are currently being conducted to consider product levels up to the 1555 kg/a (50,000 oz per year) involving additional plants and infrastructure. While exploring for other hard-rock properties, the Brush Creek company already operates the Brush Creek lode gold mine. The mine sits high on a ridge south of Goodyear&apos;s Bar, which is located on the North Yuba river. It might be noted that the Brush Creek mine has been the subject of media stories recounting how a mine can operate with sensitivity to the environment. Gardner&apos;s Point project In 1983, Callaway negotiated with the Gardners Point Ltd. Partnership for control of the Gardner&apos;s Point property. The Partnership had been engaged for three years in securing permits, mapping and drilling, and test mining. The Partnership actually mined about 43.5 dam3 (57,000 cu yd) of gravel, which yielded 25.2 kg (810 oz) of free gold. Later, the Brush Creek company acquired ownership of the property. The company then began its own exploration and development program. As underground development proceeded at the Brush Creek mine, plans matured for a high-volume operation at Gardner&apos;s Point. Australian and English investors contacted Callaway. A joint venture was negotiated. The Australian owners became majority participants; the Brush Creek company, a minority participant and the operator. The Australian investors agreed to contribute $3.5 million (60%) to the Brush Creek Joint Ventures. The Brush Creek company will contribute its expertise as well as assets and liabilities valued at $2.3 million (40%). About $2 million has been allocated to the Gardner&apos;s Point project. Later, Brush Creek Mining and Development Inc. sold 50.4% of the company&apos;s common stock to English investors for $5.4 million. Callaway negotiated this private placement, which permits further exploration of projects being investigated. Geography and history The Gardner&apos;s Point mine is located in the northern Sierra Nevada of California, about 9.6 km (6 miles) east of the little town of La Porte in Plumas County. The mine lies high on a ridge above Slate Creek, which divides Plumas and Sierra Counties. La Porte is accessible from the Sacramento area by a winding, paved, two-lane highway. But the mine is reached only by two different unpaved county and Forest Service roads. Both roads include steep grades in and out of the Slate Creek canyon. Mine elevation is about 1.4 km (4600 ft) above sea level. The area is thus threatened by occasional heavy winter snows, though it

Jan 3, 1987

By Brad Thrall, Howard Bradley, Michael Samuels

"LOCATIONViceroy Minerals Corporation owns and operates the Brewery Creek heap leach gold mine located approximately 55 kilometers northeast of Dawson City, Yukon Canada. Dawson was home of the Klondike Gold Rush 100 years ago. Upon startup in November 1996, the Brewery Creek Mine was the northernmost operating heap leach gold mine in North America and one of the most northern in the world. Located at 64"" 02' latitude, the mine is less than 300 km south of the Arctic Circle. Access to the mine is available at Kilometer 14 of the Dempster Highway, linking Inuvik, NWT and the Klondike Highway, 40 kilometers east of Dawson City. The immediate vicinity is the only part of Canada not glaciated in the Wisconsin advance, which has resulted in an oxide ore deposit due to approximately 80,000 years of weathering - an area unique in Canada.DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONSIn order to utilize heap-leaching technology successhlly in an extreme northern climate, a number of design features were incorporated into the process flow sheet to operate on a year round uninterrupted basis. Winter temperature may dip below minus 50 ""C, demanding an approach to mining and leaching that is different from heap-leach operations in more temperate climates. Because of the severe winter temperatures, the mine operates approximately 2 10 days per year, while the leaching process is continuous on a year round basis. Run of mine ore (ROM) is placed on the heap beginning in mid April until late October. Overall gold recovery is projected to be 78% over a 325 day leaching cycle with annual production levels of 2.3 million tonnes of ore placed on the pad, with an average of 75,000 ounces of gold recovered per year. The recovery process utilizes conventional sodium cyanide leaching, carbon adsorption, high pressure stripping, thermal reactivation and acid washing, and on-site smelting.HISTORYFollowing a comprehensive governmental and public review of the proposed project, a Class A Yukon Water license was issued in August, 1995. Construction started in 1995 and leaching commenced in October 1996.A Socio-Economic Accord with the Tron Dek Hwech'in First Nations provides for employment, contract, and scholarship opportunities for First Nations citizens."

Jan 1, 1999

By M. Wong-Kian, L. A. Cornish, A. van Bennekom

Samples of four different satellite materials were prepared by either hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of the powder or tungsten inert-gas welding of rod onto a 316 L stainless-steel substrate. The samples were subjected to a series of comparative erosion corrosion tests, and generally the Hipped samples experienced between 13 and 24 per cent less loss in mass than the equivalent welded alloys. Resistance to erosion corrosion increased with increasing carbon, chromium, and tungsten contents. Metallographic studies indicated the differences in carbide content between the different satellite materials, and the differences in morphology between the Hipped and welded samples. Finer and more homogeneous microstructures were

Jan 1, 1995

By K. A. Grace

K.A. Grace&apos;s article advocates usage of the terms describing resources as defined by the US Bureau of Mines (USBM) and the US Geological Survey (USGS). Originally recommended in 1943, the terms were revised in 1976 and again in 1980. Mr. Grace further recommends that the term reserves should be severely restricted and that it should encompass mining and processing factors. The list of references quoted in the article does not, however, mention the study concerning reserves that was made over a period of almost four years by a joint Committee on Definitions. This committee was sponsored by three societies - the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME), the Society of Economic Geologists (SEG), and the American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG). Most of the detailed work was done by a working party appointed by the Society of Mining Engineers (SME) of AIME. After studying previous definitions in the US as well as in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, France, and other European countries, the following definitions were proposed and accepted in 1974 by the SME board of directors. (Ore reserve definitions in Rhodesia, South Africa, or New Zealand were not mentioned as having been reviewed.) Table 1 lists definitions from MINING ENGINEERING, July 1975. Notice in Table 1 it was mentioned, under Resources, that the definitions of reserves were recommended for the purposes of commercial evaluation. It was further stated that the terminology adopted by the USBM and the USGS, as released to the public, covering resources, was recognized as such. Mr. Grace also recommends that reserve calculations should allow for future losses in ore tonnage, ore grade, milling, and smelting. Unfortunately, it might take years to develop a prospect after it has been discovered. Mining methods have to be tested before being finalized in order to know what tonnage of ore is going to be lost, or how much dilution is likely to occur. The same problems are present in concentrating or in smelting. Operating mines usually know how mined grade compares with ore reserve grade. They can usually predict fairly closely what their final metal recoveries are probably going to be. It is, however, expecting too much to have to delay quoting reserves from say a recently drilled prospect. Any responsible mining geologist or mining engineer (or company for that matter) should state several things about an ore reserve calculation: that it is or is not a preliminary estimate only; that estimated grades have not been diluted to allow for a future, as yet unknown, mining method; that metal recoveries are or are not only tentative, based perhaps on drill hole samples only or on no metallurgical testing at all. Reserves of a partially explored prospect are always quoted when it becomes necessary to raise capital. If they are described as preliminary only (really just tonnage and grade estimates and not true "reserves") in addition to being accompanied by some of the items just mentioned, nobody is going to be misled. If, on the other hand, a report by a member of the SME or SEG is intentionally misleading, the individual must be reported and eventually disbarred from his or her society. To summarize, let us stay with the definitions of ore, ore reserves, and related terms as recommended and accepted by SME. I might add that on occasion I have used a fourth category in my ore reserve calculations, namely Geologically Possible Ore. This category is more or less the same as Inferred ore defined by the USBM and USGS. I have never given a grade to this category, which may be based only on geological mapping, geochemical sampling, or geophysical traversing.

Jan 8, 1985

By M. R. Madhav

The ultimate pullout capacity of single batter piles has been presented in literature in three contradictory trends. These trends are: the pullout capacity of a single batter pile increases, remain almost constant, or decrease with increasing the inclination angle of the pile. The present paper presents a theoretical study which explained these trends in terms of existing initial stress condition and the earth pressure coefficient at rest. The paper also presents a form of guideline for predicting the pullout capacity of inclined piles based on simple field and/or laboratory tests.

Jan 1, 2010

Process Study on Some Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Ore in South China

Sep 13, 2010

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has continued study of the Personal Dust Monitor (PDM) developed by Rupprecht & Patashnick Co. Inc. through a CDC contract and currently being commercialized by Thermo Fisher Scientific. This report examines the effect of oversize particles, cyclone inversion, and cleaning procedures. Clean and exposed filters were examined using light microscopy and particulates counted before and after various instrument manipulations. The data presented show that the dry cleaning procedures do not cause significant (greater than limit of detection) sample contamination by respirable or oversize particulates and that the cyclone is resistant to particulate carry over during inversion.

Jan 1, 2009

By Fumitaka Tsukihashi

Phase diagrams of the CaO-SiO2-FeOx-MgO, Al2O3 systems are necessary for the analysis of copper smelting reactions and sintering process of iron ore. The effect of MgO and Al2O3 addition on the liquidus of the phase diagram of the CaO-SiO2-FeOx system at low oxygen partial pressure was observed. The liquid phase area changed by the addition of MgO and Al2O3 with a changing oxygen partial pressure from 10-8 to 10-3 atm (10-1 to 102 Pa) at 1573K. The effect of Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio on the melting mechanism is discussed.

Jan 1, 2003

By Fradd WP

South Australia pioneered metal mining in Australia and was the main source of copper for several decades. Gold discoveries and mining also contributed significantly to the development of the Colony. Across the State can be seen the holes, the mullock heaps and, in some instances, the remnants of machinery of the past era. In this, the centenary year of the discovery of the Teetulpa goldfield, considered by some to he the most significant discovery of gold in the State, it is appropriate that we should present a paper on the history of gold mining in South Australia. South Australia has not been a major producer of gold with recorded production a little in excess of 15 million grams (15 t). This represents about 0.25 per cent of the Australian total and ranks last of the States of the Commonwealth. The outstand- ing feature of gold production in South Australia has been the succession of short periods of rela- tively high production immediately following a discovery, with payable dirt being quickly exhausted, a fact clearly illustrated by the graph of South Australian gold production (Figure 1).

Jan 1, 1987

By Raymond Sandiford, Kenneth Xu, Taehyun Moon

Tunnel approach structures situated in slow moving earth flows are subjected to significant earth pressures. The authors have developed a system, utilizing collapsible concrete columns, that limits such loading. The system uses an array of collapsible concrete columns in front of the structure to absorb downslope movement and limit-imposed loads. This concept has been modelled using 3D FEM analyses and a rudimental lab test. For implementation, the collapsible columns would be prefabricated in strengths to mimic the soil strength profile. This concept has merit, and analytical results demonstrate that collapsible columns are a viable means to limit loading.

Jun 23, 2024

By A. Haines, O. Varaud, I. Baidoo

Abosso Goldfields Limited (AGL) is in the process of developing an expansion of their Damang Open Pit gold mine in Ghana. AGL acquired the Damang mine in January 2002, with SRK participating in the geotechnical investigation and design for the project since 2001. A deep resource drilling program, completed during 2004, intersected an extension of the orebody below the then planned final pit floor. A feasibility study has been completed to determine the economic extraction of this deep ore with an expanded pit shell. The Damang mine is in a stockwork sulphide deposit at the culmination of the Damang anticline. The deposit occurs as hydrothermal mineralisation associated with dominantly east dipping thrusts and sub-horizontal quartz veins. Primary gold mineralisation also occurs in the conglomerates of the Tarkwaian Formation. The geological units consist of steep easterly dipping dolerite, sandstone, siltstone and phyllite beds, with the weathering profile comprising saprolites overlying a relatively thin joint oxidized horizon. It is planned to deepen the current open pit to a final depth of up to 270 m, primarily by the development of a push-back of the eastern and western walls. The edge of the Eastern Tailings Storage Facility (ETSF) is currently located within 80 to 100 m of the crest of the existing pit. The geotechnical design focused on the optimization of the bench face angle and finally recommended a ?Steep Slope Strategy?, involving 24m high near vertical benches. Limiting bench stack heights of 96m at a maximum of 66° were derived from the influence of major structures and the variation in rock mass conditions. The overall slope angles in each pit sector were developed around the requirement for haulage ramps. One of the main design challenges was to optimise the standoff distance between the final pit crest and the ETSF. This process had to consider maximum access to the resource without undue influence on or from the nearby tailings dam. A planned increase to the height of the dam wall was an additional factor in the design. Dewatering of the pit walls was also a major consideration in this tropical environment.

Jan 1, 2006