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EIA is a test of a development proposalÆs legitimacy and asks two questions: not only æis the proposal competent?Æ but also ædoes the proposal have moral authority?Æ For reasons of miningÆs historic importance and of a scientific and technological industry culture, traditional EIA has focussed on the first on these, an increasingly misplaced priority in a changing world.This paper explains why competence alone is not enough and examines the second of the two questions: what is meant by a projectÆs moral authority, why does it matter, why has it taken so long to become an issue and what, in practical terms, can project proponents do about it.

Jan 1, 2004

Despite the current economic downturn that is now decimating iron ore production, Minnesota?s mining operators remain optimistic about the long-term prospects for the industry. Reflecting this optimism, the development of several new mining projects continues in the state. The future of mining in Minnesota was the featured topic at the combined 82nd Annual Minnesota Section of SME Meeting and 70th Annual University of Minnesota Mining Symposium. More than 500 mining industry professionals, including engineers, executives, mining managers and equipment suppliers from the around the world, attended the meeting, which was held April 14 and 15, 2009, in Duluth, MN. The combined meeting featured a keynote session with three distinguished speakers plus a panel discussion by representatives from several of Minnesota?s taconite producers. The keynote speakers were Curtis Clark, president and chief operating officer, Behr Dolbear, who gave a presentation on the ?State of the Mining Industry.? Phil Newman, chief operating officer, CRU Strategies, spoke about challenges facing the mining industry and James A. Skurla, acting director, Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Labovitz School of Business and Economics, University of Minnesota Duluth, discussed the importance of mining to northeastern Minnesota?s economy. The taconite producers panel discussion included Jonathan Holmes, vice president and operations manager, ArcelorMittal; Ed Latendresse, vice president and general manger, Hibbing Taconite; John Tuomi, vice president operations services, United Taconite and Mike Mliner, vice president and general manager, Northshore Mining. The mangers provided updates on their respective operation The meeting included concurrent technical papers sessions on mining, processing, environmental and nonferrous mining. The sessions included technical papers that provided information on the status of a number of new mining projects in the state. The conference also offered a SME short course titled ?The basics of iron mining.? A tradeshow that featured about 100 companies and organizations offering products and services to Minnesota?s mining industry ran in conjunction to the conference. It was estimated that more than 900 people, including conference registrants and special invited guests of the vendors, attended the tradeshow opening reception. This was the largest trade show in many years. The Minnesota Section of SME also held its annual business meeting during the conference.

Jan 1, 2009

By M. A. Giralico

A new generation of hydraulic efficient pumper and auxiliary impeller designs is the result of an extensive research program focused on improving the overall performance of optimized SX/EW plants. Combined with the proper scale-up, these optimized designs will greatly reduce aqueous and organic entrainment losses, reduce or eliminate air entrainment and crud formation, enhance mass-transfer and maximize the overall copper yield. Currently, these new pumper and auxiliary impellers are installed full-scale in numerous plants ranging in flow rates from 90 to 15000 G.P.M. and developed heads up to 51 inches. Operational results reported by the independent metallurgist at each processing plant are reporting the lowest entrainment results in the industry. Further R&D has just been completed on a new mixing configuration that separates the systems mixing and pumping requirements. Results from the system pilot test document further improvements in reduction of both chemical entrainment and crud formation, while keeping mass transfer stage efficiencies.

Jan 1, 1998

By E. A. Twichell

An entirely new concept in the effective utilization of magnetic, energy has resulted in a major break-through in the design of magnetic separation equipment. One of the first applications of this concept has resulted in the development of a Permanent Magnetic Wet Drum Separator with strength .and operating characteristics equal to Electro Wet Drum Separators. Prior to this development when strength and adjustability were required, electro wet drums were specified even with all their drawbacks. The electros, by nature, are subject to coil failure or burnout, over-heating and loss of strength, high power consumption and generally high maintenance. Now the high strength and the adjustability, formerly the exclusive property of electros, has been engineered into permanent wet drum separators. These units combine maximum field strength in the separation zone with strength adjustment to suit changing conditions. Adjustment can be effected while the drum is in operation without stopping either the feed or the drum.

Jan 1, 1967

By C. Mueller

In many automated mines, multi media video and audio funtionality has to be combined with sensor information or steering commands, which is the idea of a new, PC based integrated and multi media capable control system. The new control system (Multimedia Control - MMC) bases entirely on TCP/IP networking and internet technology. For the first time, this enables the ‘intelligent’ use of video and audio information: pictures and voice sequences may be forwarded on request only, they may be stored if particular events occur (e.g. video black boxes) and sensor signals as well as actions from the automation system can directly be assigned with multi media sequences. MultiMedia Control entirely bases on object oriented software. It uses most modern software technology. As user interface, only a standard web browser is required. This makes the handling of different machines easy. By using mobile web pads, dedicated local operator interfaces are not required any longer. The service staff just connects to the automated equipment by – wireless –LAN to make required adjustments. Customization is easy using an open Application Programming Interface. Software modules may be added to the system without touching or recompiling existing components. The system was prototyped in 2000 using a demo-application. The performance tests showed very positive results both regarding the control system behaviour and the speed/latency timing behaviour of the multi-media information processed. The system now is slightly reshaped to completely meet the final product requirements. It is expected to be available by the end of 2001. Key words: Machine Automation; Control System; Multi Media; Remote Control; Teleoperation; Ethernet; TCP/IP; Internet Technology; Streaming Video; Quality Assurance; Service; Control Centre.

Sep 1, 2001

By W. Smith, F. G. Rinker, D. Beggs

Early in 1965 the Surface Combustion Division of the Midland-Ross Corporation was awarded the contract to engineer and construct a taconite pelletizing plant for the National Steel pellet plant, administered by the Hanna Mining Co., near Keewatin, Minn. This plant, which will have an annual capacity of 2,400,000 long tons, will produce pellets from magnetite concentrate using a new process developed through a joint research program by Midland-Ross, Hanna Mining, and the National Steel Corp. The work that culminated in the decision to construct this plant is the result of a research program for the development of the Midland-Ross heat fast process for the production of prereduced or metallized pellets. PELLETIZING PROCESS There are many acceptable methods for producing oxide pellets from ground iron ores and concentrates, and all of these give an acceptable product for blast furnace utilization. The vertical shaft furnace, the traveling grate, and the grate-kiln have been installed in many pelletizing plants in the northern hemisphere; therefore, the acceptance of these methods and the problems associated with them are well understood. However, this research project investigated a method for improving upon these processes to produce a high quality oxide pellet at a low operating cost.

Jan 9, 1966

By Hui Zhang, Fei Yang, Tong Guan, Guangqin Fu, Lihong Deng, Yuanlin Chen, Xiaotong Zhou

"For a copper-sulfur polymetallic mine in south China, the main valuable minerals were chalcopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. The flotability of pyrrhotite was similar with chalcopyrite and pyrite and it was easy to be oxidized. As a result, the indexes of copper concentrate and sulfur concentrate were unsatisfactory. Furthermore, the recycling of tailings water ulteriorly deteriorated the technical indexes of copper-sulfur ore beneficiation. After a large amount of experimental studies, under the condition that the tailings water recycling rate was 100%, the copper concentrate with a grade of 22.25%Cu and a recovery of 82.46% on average was obtained for the raw ore containing 0.517%Cu, 15.94%S, 25.46%Fe on average, through using new technology “magnetic separation-flotation” and effective adjustment of parameters in the industrial test which was continuously conducted for 14 shifts in 5 days with a scale of about 75t/d. Comparing with the production indexes (the copper concentrate with a grade of 17.49%Cu, the recovery was 62.27%) during the corresponding period, the grade of copper concentrate increased 4.76%Cu, and the recovery increased 20 percentage points. Besides, the indexes of sulfur concentrate gained a considerable improvement. Currently, the new technology was adopted in the design of the new-built plant with a scale of 7000t/d of this mine. The new technology provided powerful support for the tailings water recycling and indexes improvement of copper-sulfur ore beneficiation.INTRODUCTION Chalcopyrite was usually associated with pyrite and pyrrhotite in copper-sulfur ore. Due to the similar flotability, it was difficult to obtain copper concentrate and sulfur concentrate with high grade. Furthermore, sulfide ore was easy to be oxidized and a large amount of ions formed in the pulp by the dissolution of minerals, which made the pulp become acidic. As a result, pyrite and pyrrhotite were easy to be activated in acidic solution and their flotabilities became stronger. Meanwhile, hydrophilic film formed on the surface of chalcopyrite in raw ore. The flotability of chalcopyrite became weaker and it made the separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite and pyrrhotite more difficult. So it was more difficult for copper and sulfur recovering with the recycling of tailings water containing high content of heavy metal ions and reagents."

Jan 1, 2018

global mining boom and in-creased demand for iron ore has lead to a resurgence in the mining industry in Minnesota. At the combined 81st Annual Minnesota Section of SME Meeting and 69th Annual University of Minnesota Mining Symposium, April 15-16 in Duluth, MN, this resurgence was the hot topic as new mining projects were featured in the keynote session. The meeting attracted more than 400 mining industry professionals, including engineers, executives, mining managers and suppliers from around the world. This year?s theme was ?New Ventures in Mining.? The meeting included concurrent technical papers sessions, a keynote session that featured three distinguished speakers and a panel discussion that provided updates on new mining developments in the state. The Minnesota Section of SME technical papers were presented in concurrent sessions, one on mining and one on mineral processing. The mining session included papers on drilling, ore blending, slope stabilization, dust control and operations management. The mineral processing session included papers on plant-control technology, ball mills, pellet strength and fans. Also offered was an SME short course titled ?Simulation based pellet induration optimization.? The Minnesota Section of SME held its annual business meeting during the conference. The 69th Annual University of Minnesota Mining Symposium technical sessions were held on April 15 and also consisted of concurrent sessions on mining and mineral processing. Mining session topics included logistics management, real-time performance measurement, uses for taconite aggregate and environmental issues. The mineral processing session included papers on ore liberation characteristics, zeta potential studies, induration modeling, fuel optimization and conveyor belts. The combined conference included a tradeshow with more than 80 booth spaces featuring vendors offering products and services to Minnesota?s booming mining industry. More than 900 people, including conference registrants and special invited guests of the vendors, at-tended the tradeshow opening reception. This was the largest trade show in many years ? an indication of the vitality of the mining industry in Minnesota.

Jan 1, 2008

Commodities statistics and otter information are available through the following t et systems: Internet Access: To acccess the USBM Gopher server on Internet, connect to: gopher.usbm.gov port 70, using gopher client software. Or contact the Systems Administrator for technical questions: Matt Klevemann, 412-892-6499 (klevemmc@miner.usbm.gov) These USBM materials are available on Internet, with more to come in the future: Publications and other research findings, including this bimonthly publications list, newsletters, tech transfer updates, enviromental technology research, health and safety information. USBM software products Media materials and speeches. Mines Data: Computer bulletin board. Log on via modem through 202/501-0373, or call 202/501-0406 for technical assistance. Mines FaxBack: Return fax service. 1. Use the touch-tone handset attached to your fax machine's telephone jack. (ISDN [digital] telephones cannot be used with fax machines.) 2. Dial 202/219-3644. 3. Listen to the menu options and punch in the number of your selection, using the touch-tone telephone. 4. After completing your selection, press the start button on your fax machine.

Jan 1, 1995

Commodities statistics and other information are available through the following three systems: Internet Access: To acccess the USBM Gopher server on Internet, connect to: gopher.usbm.gov port 70, using gopher client software. Or contact the Systems Administrator for technical questions: Matt Klevemann, 412-892-6499 (klevemmc@miner.usbm.gov) These USBM materials are available on Internet, with more to come in the future: Publications and other research findings, including this bimonthly publications list, newsletters, tech transfer updates, enviromental technology research, health and safety information. USBM software products Media materials and speeches. Mines Data: Computer bulletin board. Log on via modem through 202/501-0373, or call 202/501-0406 for technical assistance. Mines FaxBack. Return fax service. 1. Use the touch-tone handset attached to your fax machine's telephone jack. (ISDN [digital] telephones cannot be used with fax machines.) 2. Dial 202/219-3644. 3. Listen to the menu options and punch in the number of your selection, using the touch-tone telephone. 4. After completing your selection, press the start button on your fax machine.

Jan 1, 1995

Commodities statistics and other information are available through the following three systems: Internet Access: To acccess the USBM Gopher server on Internet, connect to: gopher.usbm.gov port 70, using gopher client software. Or contact the Systems Administrator for technical questions: Matt Klevemann, 412-892-6499 (klevemmc@miner.usbm.gov) These USBM materials are available on Internet, with more to come in the future: Publications and other research findings, including this bimonthly publications list, newsletters, tech transfer updates, enviromental technology research, health and safety information. USBM software products Media materials and speeches. Mines Data: Computer bulletin board. Log on via modem through 202/501-0373, or call 202/501-0406 for technical assistance. Mines FaxBack: Return fax service. 1. Use the touch-tone handset attached to your fax machine's telephone jack. (ISDN [digital] telephones cannot be used with fax machines.) 2. Dial 202/219-3644. 3. Listen to the menu options and punch in the number of your selection, using the touch-tone telephone. 4. After completing your selection, press the start button on your fax machine.

Jan 1, 1995

Commodities statistics and other information are available through the following three systems: Internet Access: To access the USBM Gopher server on Internet, connect to: gopher.usbm.gov port 70, using gopher client software. Or contact the Systems Administrator for technical questions: Matt Klevemann, 412-892-6499 (klevemmc@miner.usbm.gov) These USBM materials are available on Internet, with more to come in the future: Publications and other research findings, including this bimonthly publications list, newsletters, tech transfer updates, environmental technology research, health and safety information. USBM software products Media materials and speeches. Mines Data: Computer bulletin board. Log on via modem through 202/501-0373, or call 202/501-0406 for technical assistance. Mines FaxBack Return fax service. 1. Use the touch-tone handset attached to your fax machine's telephone jack. (ISDN [digital] telephones cannot be used with fax machines.) 2. Dial 202/219-3644. 3. Listen to the menu options and punch in the number of your selection, using the touch-tone telephone. 4. After completing your selection, press the start button on your fax machine.

Jan 1, 1995

Many USBM research and information products are available through the systems or formats listed below: Mines FaxBack: Return fax service. 1. Use the touch-tone handset attached to your fax machine's telephone jack. (ISDN [digital] telephones cannot be used with fax machines.) 2. Dial 202/219-3644 3. Listen to the menu options and punch in the number of your selection, using the touch-tone telephone 4. After completing your selection, press the start button on your fax machine. Mines Data: Computer bulletin board. Log on via modem through 202/501-0373, or call 202/501-0406 for technical assistance. CD-ROM: This USBM disk is updated quarterly and sold by GPO's Superintendent of Documents. For information on the latest product, please contact Rodger Wedgeworth, 202/501-9557. Internet/World Wide Web: Text and graphics. Access via PC-based browsing software such as Netscape or Mosaic. Universal Resource Locator (URL) is: http:/www.usbm.gav Internet/Gopher Server: Text and tables only. Using Gopher client software, access via port 70 as follows: gopher.usbm.gav Internet System Administrator: webmaster®usbm.gov (or contact your local System Administrator).

Jan 1, 1995

Many USBM research and information products are available through the systems or formats listed below: Mines FaxBack: Return fax service. 1. Use the touch-tone handset attached to your fax machine's telephone jack. (ISDN [digital] telephones cannot be used with fax machines.) 2. Dial 202/219 3644. 3. Listen to the menu options and punch in the number of your selection, using the touch-tone telephone. 4. After completing your selection, press the start button o your fax machine. Mines Data: Computer bulletin board. Log on via modem through 202/501-0373, or call 202/501-0406 for technical assistance. CD-ROM: This USBM disk is updated quarterly and sold by GPO's Superintendent of Documents. For information on the latest product, please contact Rodger Wedgeworth, 202/501-9557. Internet/World Wide Web: Text and graphics. Access via PC-based browsing software such as Netscape or Mosaic. Universal Resource Locator (URL) is: http:/www.usbm.gov Internet/Gopher Server Text and tables only. Using Gopher client software, access via port 70 as follows: gopher.usbm.gov Internet System Administrator: webmaster@usbm.gov (or contact your local System Administrator).

Jan 1, 1995

By Noel A. Warner

Modern steelmaking is based on direct use of oxygen in high intensity batch reactors. A totally new approach is proposed in this paper, based on the view that pursuit of high intensity is unlikely to lead to successful coal-based continuous steelmaking. By substituting carbon dioxide and water vapor as the oxidants rather than using oxygen directly, the intensity is greatly reduced. Accordingly, subsurface formation of carbon monoxide bubbles can be avoided by careful manipulation of the three participating rate processes, gaseous diffusion, interfacial chemical kinetics and liquid phase mass transfer. Steelmaking can then be carried out without explosive ejection of molten droplets and the generation of micro-spray but rather in a controlled and fume less fashion. The vital component is the introduction of generic melt circulation technology. Three melt circulation loops in series are envisaged. Starting with a composite feed of iron ore fines, pulverized coal and lime flux, a metallized solid raft floating on molten iron is propelled out of the ironmaking loop onto the first of two downstream steelmaking loops. In the first, a liquid slag is formed, primary decarburization is undertaken not with oxygen but rather with CO2 and H2O and the melt is desulfurized. The semi-product stream enters the third melt circulation loop, where open-channel decarburization is effected along with dephosphorization to yield a low carbon steel product. Alternatively, the melt leaves the last loop to irrigate a packed tower countercurrent to argon at around 100 mbar to continuously produce ultra-low carbon (ULC) steel.

Jan 1, 2003

By Noel A. Warner

Modern steelmaking is based on direct use of oxygen in high intensity batch reactors. A totally new approach is proposed in this paper, based on the view that pursuit of high intensity is unlikely to lead to successful coal-based continuous steelmaking. By substituting carbon dioxide and water vapor as the oxidants rather than using oxygen directly, the intensity is greatly reduced. Accordingly. subsurface formation of carbon monoxide bubbles can be avoided by careful manipulation of the three participating rate processes, gaseous diffusion, interfacial chemical kinetics and liquid phase mass transfer. Steelmaking can then be carried out without explosive ejection of molten droplets and the generation of micro-spray but rather in a controlled and fumeless fashion. The vital component is the introduction of generic melt circulation technology. Three melt circulation loops in series are envisaged. Starting with a composite feed of iron ore fines, pulverized coal and lime flux, a metallized solid raft floating on molten iron is propelled out of the ironmaking loop onto the first of two downstream steelmaking loops. In the first, a liquid slag is formed, primary decarburization is undertaken not with oxygen but rather with CO2 and H2O and the melt is desulfurized. The semi-product stream enters the third melt circulation loop, where open-channel decarburization is effected along with dephosphorization to yield a low carbon steel product. Alternatively, the melt leaves the last loop to irrigate a packed tower countercurrent to argon at around 100 mbar to continuously produce ultra-low carbon (ULC) steel.

Jan 1, 2003

By Allan M. Hale

The central Florida phosphate industry is not a recent development. The first phosphate mining occurred in approximately 1888 (1). Many of the original mining companies were "wildcat" operations operated with rapid phosphate extraction as the sole purpose and no long-term commitment to development. Many of the early pioneers were ill-equipped to mine phosphate at either a practical or economical level; as a result many of these early companies "folded" after only a brief period of operation. However, as these early companies went out of business, several large companies developed, expanded their mining territories bought up the folding companies and by 1903 (little more than 10 years after the first mines were started), approximately 37 of the original 60 mines were control- led by three major companies (1). In the early period, mining reclamation was nonexistent. The mined out areas were left to revegetate and reclaim "naturally" over the period of many years. Reclamation practices were only started relatively recently and the various reclamation techniques developed and used in the past have continued to be employed with varying degrees of success through the present time. The reclamation techniques used in the past and currently include land and lakes restoration, sand tailing reclamation, slime ponds reclamation and overburden fill.

Jan 1, 1980

By S. O. ANDROS

RECORDS in mining operations naturally fall when improved equipment and methods are developed. And tunneling through the Continental Divide is a mining operation, even though the tunnel was not driven to strike a vein at depth. Although many engineering feats have been successfully accomplished in the development of water supplies in the Western States, the Twin Lakes Tunnel in Colorado presents some unusual features that make it noteworthy. To begin with, it is the first trans-mountain water diversion project in the West. The fact that the Continental Divide intervenes between where the water is and where it is needed was brushed, aside as of minor importance. It was enough to know that on the western side of Independence Pass, the highest in Colorado, with an elevation of 12,095 ft., there was water which was needed on the eastern side, where the Twin Lakes are situated, forming the

Jan 1, 1934

By Matteo Tomba

Today’s steel market is characterised by high competitiveness and tight profit margins; therefore, the operational costs of rolling mills must be as low as possible, while ensuring a final product of the highest quality standards. PERT SRL is an engineering company with a long-term experience in the international steel market, specialised in the design and supply of highly innovative and bespoke solutions for siderurgical and environmental plants. Because of its strong commitment to deliver excellent products and services, and its ability to innovate and adapt to the fastchanging market requirements, PERT has studied a new generation of BI-SUPPORT rolling stands, designed to be used in rolling mill plants for the production of rebars, rounds and sections in special quality bars (SBQ) steel grade, wire rod, light and medium section, suitable also for special steel plants. This paper will provide a deep insight into the key technical and economic features that have revolutionised the rolling technology for long products, such as the absence of spindles and piping on board, the considerably reduced number of spare parts required, a ring gap regulation system, and the compact dimensions, which lead to significant savings in investments and production costs; at the same time, the BI-SUPPORT stands guarantee excellent standards to the final product, an increase in plant productivity and a general improvement in the plant management.

Aug 16, 2017

By Thorsten Müller

In order to increase the production of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) as well as to fulfill the growing expectations of various industries served, steelmakers must have wide- ranging know-how in terms of plant technology, operation, processes, quality control and, last but not least, know-how for AHSS including certification procedures. MET/Con is highly focused on the production of coated AHSS with tensile strengths higher than 600 MPa. Common heating and cooling technologies are unable to handle high alloyed steel grades – pre-oxidation and rapid cooling technologies have been developed to face these new challenges. MET/CON and Drever International have the knowledge to produce newest steel grades with these technologies.

Jul 30, 2018