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By H P. Tardif

This paper briefly describes some of the phenomena encountered when materials are submitted to extremely high pressures, such as those produced by the detonation of an explosive charge placed in contact with the material. It was found that extensive changes take place in the? microstructure of iron and steel. Diffusion-controlled processes, such as the transformation of lamellar pearlite, the recrystallization and grain growth of ferrite, and the homogenization of the pearlite-ferrite structure, can take place within micro-or milliseconds. Mechanical twins can propagate without deviation from ferrite to pearlite, thus indicating a proeutectoid ferrite-pearlite-ferrite orientation relationship. The propagation and interaction of intense stress waves in materials was demonstrated with the use of Armco iron. Finally, a comparison is made of the damage produced in metals by the formation of craters made by explosive shock and by hypervelocity impact. D DRING the last few years, exceptional development has taken place in the field of explosive metallurgy, i.e., the

Jan 1, 1964

By Charles Graham

It is the general belief that the coal deposits on Vancouver Island are extremely large, and easily available. Indeed, they are frequently described by prominent public men and by writers in the press as "illimitable" and "inexhaustible." It is well that the facts that have been established as a result of seventy years of surface prospecting, underground operations and extensive diamond-drilling in this coalfield should be disclosed. HISTORY The presence of coal on the coast of British Columbia was first made known by Dr. W. F. Tolmie in 183 5. This coal was brought to him by Indians from the north-east coast of Vancouver Island, probably from Suquash. In 1850 the existence of coal at Nanaimo was announced by Mr. ]. W. MacKay. Development was started in 1852, and coal was shipped before the close of 185 3. The first operations were carried on by the Hudson's Bay Company, who operated the mines until 1861, when they sold them to the Vancouver Coal Mining and Land Company. Practically all of the operations in the immediate vicinity of Nanaimo have been carried on by this Company and its successors. In 1869, Mr. Robert Dunsmuir discovered coal about five miles north-west of Nanaimo, at Wellington. The Welling-ton Colliery Company was organized, and began to produce coal from the Wellington mines in 1871, the coal being shipped from Departure bay. This colliery was a large producer for several years, but was finally closed in 1900.

Jan 1, 1924

By P. Latostenmaa, O. Forsén, M. Lundström, J. Aromaa

The history of electrolytic copper production in Finland is closely connected with the industrialization of Finland and events of the Second World War. Production of cathode copper by electrowinning from the processing of Outokumpu ore started in 1913 based on the Hybinette nickel process, however due to the poor performance of this process, the plant was closed in 1929. Outokumpu commenced copper smelting at Imatra in eastern Finland in 1936 producing blister copper for refining outside the country. Due to the threating military situation, a new electrolytic copper refinery was built in 1941 at Pori in western Finland to refine the anodes. This was the first electrolytic copper refinery in Finland. It was built with 108 cells having a capacity of 12,000 tonnes/y. In addition, the smelter was relocated to nearby Harjavalta in 1944–1945. To fulfill the war reparations included in the peace treaty with the Soviet Union, a doubling of the smelter capacity was realised, with the Pori refinery capacity increasing to 20,000 tonnes/y in 1946 by adding additional cells. The cornerstone of Finnish metallurgical technology — Outokumpu flash smelting — was invented with the new technology commissioned at Harjavalta in 1949 replacing the electric furnace and providing a further increase in copper output with subsequent enlargement of the refinery. By 1963, the plant consisted of 380 cells with a capacity of 48,000 tonnes/y of cathode copper. The Pori electrolytic copper refinery has operated continuously since 1941. Commencing in 2004 the Pori refinery has been part of the Boliden group of Sweden. The most recent plant upgrade was in 2007 with the installation of permanent cathode technology. In 2017, the production of the Pori refinery was 133,000 tonnes of copper cathode, 2,300 tonnes of nickel sulphate, along with 66 tonnes of silver and 4.6 tonnes of gold. This paper describes these outstanding achievements. INTRODUCTION In 1809 the Kingdom of Sweden was defeated by the Russian Empire in the Finnish War, and Finland was annexed by the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. Finland’s commercial and industrial interests were developed to serve the Empire’s needs. Finland had raw materials, but at the start of the 20th century Finnish industry was based on the use of wood as raw material and agricultural products. The mining industry was only a few percent of the country’s industrial production.

Jan 1, 2019

By A. G. Roach

IT IS generally stated that the gold ores of Nova Scotia are free-milling, and for the most part this is true. However, there is a certain proportion of the gold finely disseminated throughout the sulphides, notably arsenopyrite, and this gold is definitely not recoverable as 'free-milling' gold by amalgamation. The proportion of free-milling gold to total gold seems to vary widely in different localities in the Province and is lowest in deposits of the fissure-vein type. The problem of recovery of these relatively recalcitrant values is usually one of economics, in some plac.es a simple gravity concentrate being of such low tenor that its extraction and subsequent disposal will not bear the costs involved. In other cases, such a high percentage of values escapes from the mortars and plates that concentration is definitely indicated. The size of the mining operation is also an important factor. In the large majority of cases, however, some concentrating step is warranted, even if the resulting concentrate is stock-piled until sufficient has accumulated to justify further treatment.

Jan 1, 1940

By Michael L. Wayman

Archaeological and ethnographic work during the last century has shown clearly that metals have played a small but important role in prehistoric Arctic cultures. For at least the past several millenia both iron and copper have been used in the North, primarily for blades, projectile points, knives, awls, engraving tools, fishhooks, scrapers and axes. In addition they were used for joining purposes as staples and rivets. It is of great interest to enquire into the origins of these metals. In this connection one begins with the observation that to date there has been no clear evidence for the smelting or melting of metals in the Arctic prior to the arrival of Europeans. This can be explained partly by the absence of traditional pyrotechnologies such as the high-temperature firing of ceramics and the heat treatment of bone and wood. Another factor which surely inhibited the development of smelting/ melting operations is the relative absence of wood in the region. The production of charcoal for smelting requires large quantities of wood, to the extent that the desertification of a number of areas in the Old World is believed by some to have been at least partly caused by charcoal production. In the North this was obviously not possible. Thus the Arctic peoples were restricted to using native (naturally occurring) metals and metals obtained by various direct and indirect forms of contact with areas of the world where smelting was practiced. Both of these sources were important in the case of iron; we know that meteoritic iron, telluric (native) iron and smelted wrought iron were all used in the Arctic. These three types of iron will be considered in tum.

Jan 1, 1999

By Egbert Burchardt

The challenge of "ore bodies getting steadily harder and lower in grade" was brought to light during the first oil crisis in the 70's. Shortly afterwards, HPGRs appeared on the scene with the promise of saving energy. This combined with developments in wear protection for the rolls ushered in a period of trade-off studies that considered the HPGR as an option to improve project economics or to even make projects feasible at all. Since then, applications of HPGRs at Cerro Verde (Freeport), PTFI Grasberg (Freeport), Mogalakwena (Anglo Platinum), Tarkwa (Goldfields), Boddington (Newmont), Penasquito (Goldcorp), and others have contributed to the creation of a formidable basket of operating experience. Collected through years of successful operation, this information has been used to validate design criteria, scale-up factors and establishing a clearer picture of what "to do" and what "not to do". This paper compares results from various mining operations using HPGRs in their processing plants. Some of the lessons learnt in different operating environments are reviewed in order to support proper implementation and operation of HPGR's. Some of the development programs that have been initiated to improve wear life of the tyres and to reduce overall operating costs are reviewed. It is timely to summarize today?s experience and analyse its implications for existing and new operations.

Jan 1, 2012

"The Companion Policy is guidance and not law. It sets out the views of the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) at to the manner in which the CSA interprets and applies certain provisions of NI 43-101 and Form 43101F1. The Companion Policy references the CIM Best Practice Guidelines for Mineral Exploration, and the Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, and that they should be followed by Qualified Persons.COMPANION POLICY 43-101CP TO NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 43-101 STANDARDS OF DISCLOSURE FOR MINERAL PROJECTS This companion policy sets out the views of the Canadian Securities Administrators (the “CSA”) as to the manner in which the CSA interprets and applies certain provisions of National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101F1 (the “Instrument”), and how the securities regulatory authorities or regulators (the “Securities Regulatory Authorities”) may exercise their discretion in respect of certain applications for exemption from provisions of the Instrument. PART 1 APPLICATION AND TERMINOLOGY 1.1 Supplements Other Requirements – The Instrument supplements other continuous disclosure requirements of securities legislation that apply to reporting issuers in all business sectors. 1.2 Evolving Industry Standards and Modifications to the Instrument- Mining industry practice and professional standards are evolving in Canada and internationally. The Securities Regulatory Authorities will monitor developments in these fields and will solicit and consider recommendations from their staff and external advisers as to whether modifications to the Instrument are appropriate. 1.3 Application of the Instrument -The definition of “disclosure” under the Instrument includes oral and written disclosure. The Instrument establishes standards for disclosure of scientific and technical information regarding mineral projects and requires that the disclosure be based on a technical report or other information prepared byor under the supervision of a qualified person. The Instrument does not apply to disclosure concerning petroleum, natural gas, bituminous sands or shales, groundwater, coal bed methane or other substances that do not fall within the meaning of the term “mineral project” in section 1.1 of the Instrument. 1.4 Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Definitions - The Instrument incorporates by reference the definitions and categories of mineral resources and mineral reserves as set out in the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the “CIM”) Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (the “CIM Definition Standards”) adopted by the CIM Council on November 14, 2004, as amended. 1.5 Best Practices Guidelines for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves - A qualified person classifying a mineral deposit as a mineral resource or mineral reserve should follow the CIM Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Best Practice Guidelines adopted by CIM on November 23, 2003, as amended. These guidelines are posted on www.cim.org."

Jan 1, 2003

By The Mill Staff

"IntroductionCOMMENCEMENT of operations at the new No. 7 shaft and 10,000-ton mill at Creighton mine was a major step in the programme of conversion to all-underground mining by the International Nickel Company of Canada, Limited. Planned ten years ago, the orderly transition has been greatly speeded-up to offset the heavy drain on production imposed by World War II and also to meet the increased demand for nickel caused by the current international situation. Development of new mining methods, and process changes in the reduction plants, have made possible the economic recovery and utilization of ore of lower grade than formerly used and of varying metallurgical characteristics. By 1953, when the Company's open-pit mining operations are scheduled for completion, the hoisting capacity of its five underground mines in the Sudbury district will have been increased to 13,000,000 tons per year, compared with 5,700,000 tons of underground ore hoisted in 1950.Two types of ore occur at Creighton. One is a breccia and stringer type that contains a high percent-age of massive sulphides and is located in sheets along shears and in large and small pockets on the underside of the main norite mass; the other type, forming the main part of the ore zone, is mineralized norite that occurs as a •sheet up to 400 feet thick overlying tl1e breccia ore. In both types of ore the minerals of economic interest are pentlandite, which is intimately associated with pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Early mining was confined to the breccia ore; this ore was mined by open stoping methods. The hanging-wall was later allowed to cave, with the result that the old stopes are now filled with caved low-grade ore."

Jan 1, 1952

By W. A. Lang

Introduction In this review, which is the fifth of the series on the Progress in Coal Technology, an attempt has been made to outline some of the more important developments that have taken place in coal carbonization during the last decade. Research into both high-and low-temperature carbonization has been active for three principal reasons: (1) the growing shortages in most countries of high-quality coking coals; (2) the demand for smokeless fuels for domestic purposes; (3) the need for metallurgical coke for the increased output of steel in the post-war years. The growing importance of coal tars as a source of chemicals for the preparation of synthetic products and of coal gases for the recovery of sulphur is evident. Many of the researches initiated because of wartime necessity have been continued .and even expanded in the post-war years. High-temperature carbonization with a suitable coal yields a strong coke which is used primarily for metallurgical purposes, a tar with good marketable value, and a large yield of gas of medium calorific value. Low-temperature carbonization gives a more free-burning solid product suitable for a domestic fuel, a high yield of a tar which is generally regarded as superior to high-temperature tar for chemical purposes, and a smaller yield of a higher-heat-value gas.

Jan 1, 1951

By G. J. Heferen, A. Pranowo, N. J. Aslin, P. O. Eriksson

Glencore Technology (GT) has over four decades experience supplying stainless steel cathode plates (“cathode plates”) to the electro-refining and electro-winning industry. Cathode plates are typically the single biggest capital investment in a refinery. Refineries may view cathode plates as fixed asset or consumables depending on their operational characteristics. This paper examines the issue of cathode plate life and the strategies and philosophies used by different plants in the management of their cathode plate asset. Some plants operate with their original plates after more than 20 years. Others accept high turnover and regular maintenance as normal operating practice. Reference data are provided on plate life for various operating plants including benchmark plants achieving best-practice plate life and operating cost. The role of the electrode handling equipment on cathode plate longevity is also examined, including latest developments in Cathode Stripping Machine, robotic copper stripping, and full-automation production cranes. The ability to identify and manage the population of plates in service is also critical for maximising plate life and minimising its overall operating cost. This paper discusses a novel and unique RFID system for tracking and managing cathode plate inventory. INTRODUCTION Permanent cathode plates The adoption of permanent stainless steel cathode electrodes in the electro-refining of copper was the most significant process development since the first commercial electro-refineries were built in the late 19th century. It provided significant improvement over the labour intensive and complicated starter sheet system. Copper grows over the permanent cathode blade for a number of days before being stripped, and the permanent cathode can be returned straight back to cells for the next cathode cycle. Glencore Technology (formerly Mount Isa Mines (MIM), then Xstrata Technology) has been manufacturing permanent stainless steel cathode plates from the late 1970s with the birth of ISA PROCESS™, and the Kidd process that came one decade later. Invented and commercialised by Mount Isa Mines, the ISA PROCESS™ was first implemented into Copper Refineries Limited (CRL), Townsville, in 1978. The KIDD PROCESS by Falconbridge evolved in the 1980s and was first implemented into the Kidd Creek Tankhouse, both operations converting from traditional copper starter sheets.

Jan 1, 2019

By J. F. J. Thomas

"AbstractBoth the quantity and quality of waters available as raw materials are important to Canadian industry and to the national economy. The huge demands of many Canadian industries is illustrated by tabulated figures, based on the 1950 Canadian production of certain products, and on United States figures for the gallons of water required to produce a unit quantity of each product. It is suggested from comparison with American survey results and figures that Canadian industrial water consumption is 1 to 11/2 billion Imperial gallons per day. Since present information on Canadian usage is meagre and it is not certain that American survey results can be directly applied to Canadian industry, this estimate must await confirmation in future studies.The hydrologic cycle and the principal factors affecting the quantity and quality of water, namely, climate and season, topography, geology, vegetation, and human activities, are discussed and the principal salts dissolved in water which affect industrial use are enumerated.The present survey studies by the Mines Branch on water quality are outlined. Besides chemical analyses of municipal water supplies within a watershed, periodic sampling and analyses of major surface waters for a one-year period is being carried out. The importance of studies on seasonal variation in quality is stressed by comparing the dissolved salts in various river waters with river flow. Figures showing such relationships in the Rideau river and Ottawa river at Ottawa, the Columbia river at Trail, B.C., and the Battle river at Unwin, Sask., are presented. Different rivers show different quality changes with changing flow, and possibly only after long-term studies can the relationships be predicted.Quality studies on water may be as important as studies on many other raw materials. The quantity of the raw material, water, is not inexhaustible nor is the quality indestructible, and more realization of its importance, followed by conservation and intelligent use, is desirable."

Jan 1, 1952

By H. G. Stephenson, C. W. Gregory

"This article describes the methods used for pillar extraction in the Wilson Seam at Canmore Mines, Alberta. The Wilson Seam is extremely gassy and varies in thickness between 7 and 30 ft, with an average of 12 ft. The gradient varies from 5 to 30 degrees, with an average of 15 degrees. The seam was developed using Lee Norse miners to form pillars which the company intended to extract using the same machines. Before pillar extraction commenced, an abandoned and inaccessible mine 160 ft above the Wilson had to be drained of 360 million gallons of water. When this was done pillar extraction commenced. Conditions in the mine slowly deteriorated and after 6 months the decision to withdraw the continuous miners was taken. Slusher hoists were installed to replace the continuous miners, with the result that roof conditions and safety steadily improved."

Jan 1, 1972

By Brian Raymond

This paper will outline the problems and solutions of the new generation washeries, as well as the recent technological advances which are being considered for future coal preparation plants. The subjects to be covered will include: - reasons for considering coal preparation plants; - raw coal crushing and handling systems; - types of coal cleaning equipment being used versus new equipment being considered; - fine coal circuit sizing; - clean coal centrifuging and dewatering; - thermal dryer problems and changes; - fine refuse dewatering systems; - clean coal storage problems and changes; - materials handling within the plants; and - control systems for preparation plants. The design and integration of the various circuits that form a modern coal preparation plant have led to the creation of an exciting new field of industrial research. As the need for energy sources increases, efficient methods of preparing coals for specific markets will become more important.

Jan 1, 1979

By D. Krippner, C. Nexhip, D. George-Kennedy, P. Gebski, R. Kaur, W. L. Ying

ABSTRACT Water-Cooled Tapblocks Are Essential Components Of Modern Smelting Furnaces. Uninterrupted Operation Of A Tapblock Is Critical For The Optimal Operation Of A Furnace. This Critical Function, Together With Exposure To Extreme Conditions, Drives The Need For An Efficient And Reliable Means For Tapblock Monitoring. The Main Objective Of Tapblock Monitoring Is To Help Optimize The Life Of The Tapblocks By Better Scheduling Inner Refractory Relining And Protecting Operators By Preventing Sudden Deterioration Of The Tapblock. A Taphole Acoustic Monitoring (TAM) System Was Developed To Meet The Above Requirements. This Paper Describes The Principles Of The TAM System And Selected Case Studies.

Jan 1, 2013

By G. B. Harris

It has long been appreciated that chloride chemistry has a number of advantages over the more traditional sulphate route for both extracting and separating metals. Modern materials of construction, coupled with the development of a more cost-effective and efficient hydrochloric acid regeneration technology mean that chloride-based processes are now more competitive and attractive. Such processing routes are able to recover more of the contained metal values in a feed, including iron in a benign and/or marketable form, and particularly the so-called rare and rare-earth elements which are increasing in demand in our electronic age. These factors, therefore, add appreciably both to the overall economics of a project, but also offer a much more sustainable approach to our dwindling natural resources. Additionally, chloride-based flowsheets can be much more environmentally-friendly, offering practical alternatives to two of the biggest headaches faced by the industry, namely cyanide usage and the generation of red muds. This paper presents a brief theoretical background, focusing on the latest developments of ferrous iron oxidation and the low-temperature, selective hydrochloric acid regeneration process, which is the key unit operation for any chloride flowsheet, and discusses in general the advantages of the chloride approach. Several recently-developed flowsheets, which have been tested at the miniplant level, are presented for gold, base metals, titaniferous magnetites and lead-silver ores wherein the advantages of considering a chloride approach are highlighted.

Jan 1, 2014

By Robert J. Mitchell

A general approach to mine backfill design, including laboratory testing procedures, is outlined in this paper. Relationships between certain design parameters are developed and the effect of other factors is discussed. It is concluded that the inclusion of backfill design calculations at an early stage of mine design can often produce over-all design economies. Not only are the data needed for backfill plant and tailings disposal area design, but also the pillar recovery method and over-all mine stability are dependent on the attainable fill properties.

Jan 1, 1979

By G. M. Carr-Harris

"THE SUBJECT of permanent molding has received a great deal of attention in the technical press as illustrated by the many excellent articles in the bibliography which follows. In general, this covers the period 1940-1958 and is merely representative of what is available. Numbers in •brackets refer to items in the bibliography.It may be desirable at the outset to give a few definitions covering those terms directly related to this subject. The following is a definition of permanent-mold casting as given by J. W. Meier in a paper, ""The Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys"", read before the Ottawa Valley Chapt.er of the American Society for Metals:""Permanent Mold Casting is used where a large number of castings of the same part are required and higher mechanical properties, greater density and closer tolerances are essential. Since metallic mold s are very expensive, the number of castings must be sufficient to, defray, at least partially, the added expense. Molds are usually made from a good quality cast iron, 1but other mold materials, such as the aluminum and copper alloys, graphite, ceramics, etc., are being used in certain cases. Important factors in permanent mold casting are the mold temperature; the proper mold dressing; and, as in all other casting methods, the mold geometry, that is to say, the design of spruces, gates, risers and vents""."

Jan 1, 1960

By D. E. Keeley

lntroduction Some years ago it was general practice in Canadian mines to use the best timber available, just as it was cut from the tree. Later, to prevent 'borers' from getting into the wood while stacked in the yard, the bark was peeled off, cleaned up carefully, and burned to eliminate a breeding ground for these and other destructive insects. This practice of good housekeeping also decreased the hazard from fire in scattered bark. A few years after damage by borers had been minimized, it became apparent that increased temperatures in the mines, occasioned by deepening operations, were being accompanied by rapid growth of fungus and by decay in timber underground, greatly shortening its life. In places on upper levels where the air temperature was below 50 deg. F., untreated timber retained a large proportion of its strength for ten or more years. In other places on these levels, however; its life was short and it developed much dry rot and merulius lacrymans. In these latter places and on lower levels in the mine where temperatures ranged from 50 to 60 deg. F., approximately, the wood became infested with extensive growths of this white fungus. This development was accompanied by the production of millions of spores. Spread of infection was due mainly to the transfer of spores from the warm lower levels to the cool upper horizons by upcasting ventilation currents. So serious did this become that about twenty years ago Lake Shore, Hollinger, and McIntyre Mines decided to investigate the use of wood preservatives and the plant necessary to treat timber.

Jan 1, 1949

By Selwyn G. Blaylock

I.-THE HISTORY OF THE SYSTEM TO trace the history of the development of the Co-operative Committee System in The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, one must look backward about twenty years. In 1915 and 1916, the first years of the W ar to really affect Canadian life, there were sixteen hundred men working in the Trail plant. These men were, on the whole, a splendid body of men and pa trio tic to the core. They were almost one hundred percent organized, ninety-five percent of them be-longing to the Union of the Western Federation of Miners. Most of the tradesmen belonged to their craft unions as well. For example, there were ? local machinist, steel workers', electrician, boiler maker, bricklayer, and carpenter unions. The Company had always maintained an open-shop policy and refused to enforce membership in any union, but recognized the right of every man to belong to unions. The only exceptions have been the I.W.W. and the One Big Union. Both of these organizations have always been fought by the Company. By 1916, membership in the Western Federation being practically 100 per cent, the Company recognized this organization's authority to make agreements, and a wage and hour agreement was drawn up and signed by the Company and the local officials of the Union, and ratified and signed by the Head Office of the Union in Denver, Colorado. This agreement was for the duration of the war.

Jan 1, 1936

By E. Goris Cervantes

"A theoretical framework based on a detailed analysis of mine operations data from an oil sands mine in northern Alberta and the static simulation of truck cycle times are developed, verified, and validated in this paper. Implementation of this framework provides better results than existing tools that rely solely on manufacturer data. This, therefore, aids in efficient equipment planning for the life of the mine. The use of this framework to modify existing productivity curve estimation methods currently in use at the mine site is also proposed. This method replaces “loaded flat haul” with “loaded effective flat haul” in the productivity estimation. Validation of the model results in a 4% overestimation of productivity, versus an underestimation of more than 10% when using the existing in-house method. ¦ KEYWORDS Equipment planning, Life-of-mine (LOM) planning, Oil sands, Productivity, Truck cycle times RÉSUMÉ Un cadre théorique fondé sur une analyse détaillée des données relatives aux activités minières d’une exploitation de sables bitumineux dans le nord de l’Alberta et la simulation statique des temps de cycle des camions sont développés, vérifiés et validés dans cet article. La mise en oeuvre de ce cadre offre de meilleurs résultats que ce que proposent les outils existants, lesquels se basent uniquement sur des données des constructeurs. Ceci contribue donc à une planification efficace de l’équipement pour des projets relatifs à la durée de vie de la mine. On propose également de se servir de ce cadre pour modifier les méthodes d’estimation de la courbe de productivité actuellement utilisées sur le site minier. Cette méthode remplace le concept de loaded flat haul (la distance parcourue par des camions avec un chargement du point de collecte jusqu’au point de déchargement des résidus miniers) par celui d’effective loaded flat haul (la distance relative parcourue par des camions avec un chargement du point de collecte jusqu’au point de déchargement des résidus miniers) dans l’estimation de la production. La validation du modèle résulte en une surestimation de 4 % de la productivité, par rapport à une sous-estimation de plus de 10 % avec la méthode actuellement utilisée en interne. ¦ MOTS CLÉS planification de la durée de vie de la mine, planification de l’équipement, productivité, sables bitumineux, temps de cycle d’un camionINTRODUCTION One aspect that differentiates oil sands mines in northern Alberta from conventional hard-rock mining is the environment in which they operate. Due to ground characteristics, producers in the region experience roads with very high rolling resistance (RR) that, in turn, negatively affect haul-truck performance and greatly increase fuel consumption and emissions. Oil sands mining companies use some of the largest haul trucks in the world. In addition, oil sands mines cover more extensive areas than hard-rock pits, resulting in longer haul distances on roads made of comparatively more viscous material."

Jan 1, 2019