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By B. W. Williams

The crack propagation behaviour of Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube material was studied through comparison of the measured behaviour with the predicted response from finite element analysis. Three-dimensional finite element simulations of compact tension specimens were performed using the crack tip opening angle as a fracture criterion to allow for crack propagation. To obtain reasonable agreement with the measured behaviour, it was important to capture both the anisotropic plastic deformation behaviour of the Zr-2.5Nb material through use of the Hill-48 yield criterion and damage due to void growth, nucleation, and coalescence through the use of a Gurson-based constitutive model in the simulations.

Jan 1, 2010

By M. Nakamura, T. Akamatsu

Embankment dams are often constructed on soft rock foundations in Japan, so it is important to precisely predict deformation of the foundations due to fill placement at the design stage. In order to accurately evaluate the settlement and the strain of the rock foundation surface during construction, the influence of the scattering of the deformability of foundations on the deformation behaviour should be investigated. In this paper, a method of evaluating the settlement and the strain of the rock foundation surface during construction was studied with stochastic deformation analysis considering the scattering of the deformability of the dam foundation. Based on the analytical results, a dam foundation design using the deterministic method considering the scattering of its deformability was discussed. Da in Japan Uferdämme of auf weichen Felsfundamenten gebaut werden, ist es wichtig, die Verformung der Fundamente auf Grund der Platzierung der Aufschüttungen bereits in der Planungsphase genau vorherzusagen. Im Zusammenhang mit einer genauen Beurteilung der Senkung sowie der Belastung der Felsfundamentoberfläche während der Bauarbeiten sollte auch der Einfluss der Streuung der Verformbarkeit der Fundamente auf das Verformverhalten untersucht werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Bewertungsmethode zur der Senkung sowie der Belastung der Felsfundamentoberfläche während der Bauarbeiten mit Hilfe von Wahrscheinlichkeitsanalysen der Verformung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Streuung der Verformbarkeit der Dammfundamente untersucht. An Hand dieser analystischen Ergebnisse wurde das Design der Dammfundamente dann enthusiastisch mittels deterministischer Methoden hinsichtlich der Streuung der Verformbarkeit diskutiert. Comme les barrages en remblai sont souvent construits sur des fondations rocheuses tendres au Japon, il est essentiel de prévoir précisément les déformations des fondations causées par la mise en place du remblayage durant la phase de conception. Afin d’évaluer avec exactitude le tassement et la déformation de la surface du rocher de fondation durant la construction, l’effet de la dispersion de la déformabilité des fondations sur le comportement de déformation doit être étudié. Dans cette étude, l’auteur a étudié la méthode d’évaluation du tassement et de la déformation de la surface du rocher de fondation durant la construction en procédant à une analyse aléatoire/stochastique de la déformation et en prenant en considération la dispersion de la déformation des fondations du barrage. En se basant sur les résultats de l’analyse, la conception des fondations de barrage avec la méthode déterministe considérant la dispersion de sa déformabilité a été activement discutée.

Jan 1, 2003

By AIME AIME

BECAUSE of its unequalled skill, your country in- creased its production until, in 1913, it produced 40 per cent. of the world's consumption of coal, iron ore, and cast iron; 45 per cent. of the steel; and 60 per cent. of the copper. Your industrial effort, in a general manner and your mining effort in particular, has been tremendous. In the general economy of the world, you occupy an incomparable position of power and action. All your curves of production, mineralogical, metallurgical, financial, commercial, have taken terrific trigonometrical tangents and you will easily under- stand the sorry position of your competitors. I must, therefore, pay a tribute of homage arid admiration to you all who, each in his sphere, have been the artisans of such prosperity and my earnest wish is that you continue in this way.

Jan 1, 1920

El presente texto señala los factores y la teconología para controlar adecuadamente el medio ambiente subterráneo en el curso de los próximos diez años. En ese sentido, se muestra el control de las dimensiones físicas, el calor, los gases, la humedad, la ventilación de la mina, supresión de polvo, iluminación, ruido, esfuerzo físico y movilidad y el futuro transporte subterráneo.

May 1, 1981

By H. Kenworthy

The objective of this research was to develop methods and determine conditions under which metallic sulfides with lower boiling points than sphalerite may be removed from zinc sulfide concentrates by volatilization. A higher percentage of extraction of lead, cadmium, and germanium than is common in current practice was sought. The investigation, conducted by the Metallurgical Branch of the Minerals Technology Division, Region VI, showed that, under proper conditions, it is possible to remove over 90 percent of the lead, cadmium and germanium as an enriched sublimate. The uses of lead, and cadmium to a lesser extent, are well-known. Although germanium was discovered in 1886 by C. Winkler, commercial use has been achieved only in recent years. The amount consumed per manufacturer unit is so small that the price of germanium may still be quoted by the gram. The electronic industries have been the chief consumer of this semiconductor. Germanium is sold largely to the fabricator as a dioxide for reduction to metal and subsequent processing into wafers for use in diode and triode electronic tubes. Extensive research at Purdue University during World War II led to the first practical use of germanium.

Jan 1, 1952

By A. D. Davis

The Bear Butte Creek watershed, in the northern Black Hills of South Dakota, shows the effects of past mining activities in the form of dissolved metals and arsenic in stream water. Bear Butte Creek, during normal flow periods, loses all of its discharge to sinkholes that recharge the Madison Limestone aquifer. This work focused on the geochemical transport and fate of arsenic and on understanding ground-water flow conditions in the Madison aquifer through development of a three-dimensional ground-water flow model that was coupled to a geographic information system (GIS). Stream sampling and discharge measurements helped determine sinkhole losses and loading rates. Column laboratory tests provided data on arsenic adsorption and the mixing of stream water with aquifer water, which also was simulated with the geochemical models, pHREEQE and NETPATH. The models and GIS can be updated with new information and will be useful in managing the water quality of the Madison aquifer.

Jan 1, 1997

Abbey. Robert Graham, District Mgr.. The W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., 50 Church St., New York, N. Y. '21 Abbott, Clarence E., V.P., Charge of Raw Materials, Tenn. Coal, Iron & R. R. Co., 1242 Brown-Marx Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. '04 Abbott, Louis Benjamin, Chief Engr., Consolidation Coal Co., Watson Bldg., Fairmont, W. Va. '15 Abeel, George H., Jr., Cons. Min. Engr 12S1, S. Canon Dr., Beverly Hills, Cal. '18 4 -Abel, Raymond L., Asst. Prof., Dept. of Pet. Refin.. Univ. of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pa. '28 Abel, Walter D., Cons. Engr 650 S. Grand Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. '82 Abele. Louis T., Min, & Met. Engr., Supt., Texas Hill Mine Coulterville, Cal. '31 Abell, Leo M Sullivan Concentrator, Chapman Camp, B. C., Canada '31 Abernathy, George Elmer, Prof. of Geol. & Min., Kansas State Teachers College. Pittsburg, Kan. '20 Aborn, Robert H., Asst. Met., Research Lab., U. S. Steel Corp., Lincoln Highway, Kearny, N. J. '19 Abraham, W. E. V., Member, Geological Staff of Burmah Oil Co., Ltd., Nyaunghla, Upper Burma, India. '28 Abstein, Henry T., Engr. & Mgr., Profile-Tamarack Mines Co Yellow Pine, Idaho '27 Acker, E. O'C., Met 128 East Washington Lane, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. '86 Ackerman, D. E., Met., Research Lab., International Nickel Co., Inc Bayonne, N: J. '24 Ackerman, George F., Engr., Real del Monte y Pachuca Min. Co., Apt. 3, Pachuca, Hgo., Mexico '29 *Acres. T. H.. Geol. Dept., Valuation & Pet. Engrg., Richfield Oil Co., 555 S. Flower St., Los Angeles, Cal. '29 Adachi, Jinzoo Address Wanted '88

Jan 1, 1934

By Xuanxue Mo, Zengqian Hou

"Abstract -Yidun Island Arc in Sanjiang Region is one of the important Kuroko-type volcano­ genic massive sulfide deposits (VMS) districts in southwestern China. Tectonically, the region is situated in the eastern portion of the Tethys orogenic belt, and is a late Triassic extensional island-arc. The island-arc underwent earlier arc construction, intra-arc rifting, later arc construction and back­ arc spreading during its evolution and formed a complete trench-arc-basin system, i.e., the Ganzi­ Litang suture zone, forearc basin, outer arc, intra-arc rifting zone, inner arc and back-arc basin from east to west across the island-arc.Kuroko-type VMS deposits and occurrences discovered so far are limited to within the intra-arc rifting zone of the Yidun Island Arc and tend to occur in groups or clusters distributed in separate fault­ bound basins; e.g., Zengke, Gacun and Xiangcheng basins, in which submarine volcanic rocks, especially bimodal volcanic suites, were extensively developed. The VMS deposits formed in the waning stages of volcanic eruption in the late Triassic and are hosted in the uppermost section of acidic volcanic rocks (rhyolitic-dacitic) within a bimodal suite. The orebodies are associated with these host rocks: rhyolitic-dacitic pyroclastic rocks and exhalites and chemical sedimentary rocks.Ali VMS deposits in Sanjiang are of the Zn-Pb-Cu type. The architecture of the deposits is two­fold, consisting of concordant lenses and layers of massive sulfides and an underlying discordant stockwork. Ali deposits show metal zoning. The hydrothermal alteration related to mineralization is strong and asyrnmetrical, and is found dominantly within the stockwork zone and host rocks surrounding the ores. There are two alteration patterns: (1) chloritization - sericitization - silicification from outer sides to core of the alteration pipe; and (2) silicification + sericitization - silicification + carbonate from the lower to upper part of the alteration pipe_The mineralization temperatures of ore-forming fluids vary in the range 200°C to 335°C. Thermal evolution of the fluids displays temperature profiles that first increase and then decrease with progression of mineralization processes. The majority of black-ore minerais (Groups I and II) formed during intensifying stages of hydrothermal activity, and the majority of serni-yellow-ore minerals (Group III) formed during a thermal maximum . There followed the formation of fine-grained black-ore minerals (Group IV), which interacted with barite layers during decreasing temperature phases.Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies show that the sources of ore-forming fluids for the Kuroko­ type VMS deposits are two-fold: seawater and magmatic hydrothermal solutions, represented by the Kuroko deposits in Japan and Kuroko-type VMS deposits in Sanjiang, respectively. In the latter case the hydrothermal solutions reacted with host rocks and mixed with cold seawater percolating downward, and circulated through volcanic rocks resulting in development of alteration zones and formation of ore minerals in Kuroko-type VMS deposits."

Jan 1, 1993

By Notman, Arthur

THIS is a day of surpluses, some good and some not so good. One can hardly pick up a newspaper, magazine, review or economic treatise without confronting the fact that we have or are threatened with more .of certain goods than we have use for, whether it be corn, wheat, cotton, coal or oil, -lumber, 'leather, newsprint, automobiles, zinc, lead, copper or what not. How did this unprecedented state of affairs arise? Who is to blame? How shall we avoid smothering ourselves in our own production? The voice of the farmer is raised in appeal to the Government to relieve him from the dilemma of his own fertility. In answer the Government employs thousands of experts and spends millions of dollars to aid the farmer. But to what end? To make him still more efficient so that he may produce even greater surpluses? Not satisfied with the result, it spends other millions to prepare vast areas of the arid land of the West for more farmers to cultivate and insure yet larger surpluses. Then what? Naturally another appeal to the Government to fix prices by financing the

Jan 1, 1928

By Jan W. Merks

The objective of metrology in mineral exploration is to derive unbiased confidence limits for masses of metals contained in reserves and resources. Sets of test results for gold and silver determined in pairs of interleaved bulk samples give unbiased confidence limits for the central value of each metal. The same sets of test results show how to verify spatial dependence by applying Fisher?s F-test to the variance of a set and the first variance term of the ordered set. A significant degree of spatial dependence gives a higher degree of precision for the central values of gold and silver. Plotting variance terms of an ordered set against the variance of the set and its lower limits of asymmetric 99% and 95% confidence ranges gives a sampling variogram. Sampling variograms put in plain view where spatial dependence in sampling units or sample spaces dissipates into randomness. The application of statistical methods to test results for sets of ordered core samples within boreholes, and for sets of ordered ore volumes within profiles, plays an important role in defining reserves and resources.

Oct 1, 2009

By K. Harris, J. B. Wahl

Ni-base superalloy cast materials provide an outstanding balance of high temperature strength, fatigue resistance, oxidation resistance and coating performance and can be produced to very tight tolerances in extremely complex configurations, such as axial and centrifugal integral cast turbine wheels. As a result, cast superalloys are used in the most demanding applications of aero and industrial gas turbine engines. Use of these materials is expanding to smaller microturbine, turbojet, turbocharger and missile engine applications due to this unique combination of desirable properties. This paper will present an overview of the application of investment cast Ni-base superalloys and process capability to small turbine and missile engines.

Jan 1, 2010

By James R. Jones

The Surface Mining Control & Reclamation Act is a complex piece of legislation signed into law on August 3, 1977. It is the culmination of more than six years of debate by the Congress over the need for a national regulation of surface mining as opposed to the prior concept of regulation by each concerned state. It departs from the more normal type of law in that it includes very specific requirements, limitations and performance standards. In its procedural aspects, it is somewhat similar to the Clean Air Act and the Water Pollution Control Act in that it places primary responsibility at the state level, provided the state meets minimum national requirements. At the time of writing this paper, in late December 1978, the Interim Regulatory Program has been in effect for seven months. The proposed regulations for the Permanent Program, the draft Environmental Impact Statement, and the draft Regulatory (Economic) Analysis ware available for eight weeks before the close of the comment period on November 27. We are now awaiting issuance of the final versions of these documents. The states in which coal is mined, for the most part, have made sere revision to their state laws and are in the process of revising their regulations, or have just completed the revision, to comply with the Initial Regulatory Procedures. They are now faced with another new major effort to analyze and plan for compliance with the Permanent Regulatory Program, which is expected to be promulgated by the Office of Surface Mining of the Department of Interior by the time this paper is presented.

Jan 1, 1979

By G. Chancellor

"INTRODUCTION The paste plant is located at the Barrick Goldstrike mine in Northern Nevada on the Carlin Trend. The Goldstrike property consists of an open pit and an underground mine; along with two processing facilities: a roaster and an autoclave. The underground portion of the mine produces approximately 1,800,000 ore tons per year and approximately 400,000 ounces. The mine is broken up into four distinct zones: Banshee, Meikle, Rodeo and Northpost. The current paste plant services both the Rodeo and Northpost zones. Development of the conceptual designs and permit approval for this plant was an extensive process that took over a decade to complete. A testing program was developed in conjunction with this process and implemented throughout to ensure the following metrics were achieved: ensure no environmental impact, material available onsite would be able to flow through the pipe to all required locations, and that this material could achieve the appropriate final strength. PLANT AND UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION This is the first paste plant to be built in Nevada. The paste plant at Goldstrike began construction in January 2012 and was completed in March of 2013. This plant was constructed to service the Rodeo side of the underground mine which previously utilized a cemented rock fill (CFR) plant to meet their backfill needs. However, in March of 2013, the same month the plant was commissioned, the raise that fed this CRF plant was mined out in a planned phase of the adjacent open pit. This made the switch to paste all the more difficult as it was being relied on for as the sole source of backfill production even though the system yet to be fully tested and optimized. The plant was designed to be fed with onsite Roaster tailing which would be thickened and then mixed with cement and fly ash. The plant was designed to pump 177 tons of paste per hour with a utilization of 65%. The original design specifications for the paste were 77% solids with varying binder contents depending on where the paste was being placed"

Jan 1, 2015

By George P. Demopoulos

For more than 20 years the author had the privilege of working closely on a number of R&D projects with Lucy Rosato and her team at CEZinc. Several of these projects were driven from the sustainability agenda that Lucy Rosato championed as an innovation leader that supported research collaborations. Highlights from this highly rewarding collaboration are to be presented in this paper. In particular we will deal with the following works-topics: (a) iron control via solvent extraction as alternative to jarosite precipitation; (b) production of high-density gypsum by controlled neutralization of simulated zinc plant process/waste waters; (c) selenium removal from weak acid solutions; (d) electrolyte purification by cementation; and (e) manganese control by oxidative precipitation with SO2/O2.

Jan 1, 2015

By L Dzinza, K C. Corin, M Tadie

The recycling of process water comes with increased electrolyte concentrations that affect water quality, which may in turn affect the flotation performance of valuable minerals (Hirajima et al, 2016). Electrolytes such as Ca2+, SO4 2- , Mg2+ and S2O3 2- have been surmised to have an impact on the action of flotation reagents such as collectors (Ikumapayi et al, 2012). Xanthate collectors are known to play a significant role in imparting hydrophobicity on mineral surfaces to enhance their flotation. The interaction between minerals and xanthates is well known to be electrochemical in nature. Such redox processes may be elucidated by electrochemical techniques. Since the mechanisms involving the interactions between electrolytes in process water with sulfide minerals and the subsequent adsorption kinetics of collectors are not well understood, this study therefore aims to provide fundamental knowledge to unpack the mechanisms involved when electrolytes interact with Platinum Group Minerals (PGMs) and how these interactions may affect xanthate adsorption. The interaction of sodium iso-butyl xanthate (SIBX) in the presence of electrolytes at increasing ionic strength was investigated by rest potential measurements, to explain the impact of electrolytes on the adsorption of SIBX on PGMs in the flotation process. Rest potential measurements for PdTe2 and PdS were conducted in an air saturated 0.05 M di-sodium tetraborate decahydrate solution, in the absence and presence of SIBX and electrolytes. It was found that the existence of sulfide and telluride on palladium affects the mechanisms in which electrolytes interact with Pd mineral surfaces. An increase in the ionic strength of Na2S2O3, CaCl2 and MgCl2, increased the interaction between the salts and PdS, thus decreasing the extent to which SIBX interacted with PdS. An increase in ionic strength for Na2S2O3 increased the interaction between Na2S2O3 and PdTe2 and therefore decreased the extent to which SIBX interacted with PdTe2. Other salts investigated in this study increased the rate of oxidation of PdTe2 with an increase in ionic strength thereby enhancing the interaction of SIBX and PdTe2. This study has shown that mineral type, electrolyte type and concentration all have an impact on the mechanisms that result in the adsorption of SIBX on PGMs.

Aug 24, 2022

By M. R. Tek, K. H. Coats, D. L. Katz

The performance of a gas reservoir su,bject to water drive is often affected by interference due to gas procluction or injection in neighboring reservoirs adjacent to a common aquifer. Field data available on production-pressure behavior of several reservoirs indicate that prediction of reservoir performence must include the effects due to mutual interference. A method developed to predict the performance of two or more interfering gas reservoirs, subject to specified production-iniection .rchedule.s, is presented. The method involves the comhinatiorz of the theory of unsteady-state water movernent with appropriate meterial balance consideration.s. The procedure which extends M. Mortada's treatment for interfering oil reservoirs makes use of his dimen-.sionless pressure drop quantities. prevented graphically in the literature. In order to evaluale the predictive accuracy and practical field applicability of the theory, the method has been applied to analyze the performance of two actual gas reservoirs in mutual interference. The calculations were performed on an IBA4 704 computer. The predicted performances were alro calcltlated with the interference effects ignored. The results show that considerably better agreement between calculated and observed behavior ic. obtained when the interference effects are included. INTRODUCTION Fluid communication between any number of oil or gas reservoirs adjacent to a common aquifer results in mutual interference effects on their production-pressure behavior. The theory, application and interpretation of pressure build-up behavior of oil wells, drawdown tests on oil or gas-producing formations and behavior of several storage reservoirs indicate ample experimental evidence of mutual interference. A method developed to compute the behavior of interfering oil reservoirs was published several years ago by Mortada.4 Studies conducted during the recent years on underground storage of natural gas clearly indicated the need for extending Mortada's work to the case of interfering gas reservoirs. The adoption of appropriate material balance equations in conjunction with the unsteady-state pressure interference theory yields pressure-explicit equations. Their solution, their application to a specific case history and an over-all evaluation of the developed method through the comparison of predicted and observed field performances were the main objectives of this study. DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL RELATIONS The diffusivity Eq. 1 governs planar, radial, unsteady-state compressible liquid flow through a porous medium. ?p/?r2+1/r ?p/?r=µFc/k ?p/?t (1) The 1iterature1,2,3 contains derivations and solutions of

By C. M. McCulloch, Maurice Deul

A geologic study of Mines 32 and 33 in Cambria County, Pa., was conducted as part of a methane control research program. Areas of high methane emission and roof instability are encountered which are related to the structural and stratigraphic features that characterize the geologic setting of these mines. Locally the folds trend N 20° E ±2°, the direction of the butt cleat in the Lower Kittanning coal. The face cleat strikes at N 69° W ±2° and the systematic rock joint in the surface bedrock strikes N 67° W ±2°This suggests that a directional stress oriented N 70° W produced the folds and influenced the directions of coal cleat and systematic joint sets. Analysis of SLAR indicates three directions of prominent regional lineation: N 39° E, N 31° W, and N 70° W. Little gas was encountered during development mining; large volumes of gas are encountered when roof falls. Most of the gas comes from strata above the mined coal; therefore, to control methane, roof instability must be controlled. Roof falls and high rates of methane emission are most likely where less than 30 feet of many thin layers of limestone, shale, and sandstone occurs between the Lower Kittanning coal and the next coal and in zones along the margins of a sandstone channel.

Jan 1, 1973

By Yuan Le, Dominic Reda, Vojtech Ernst Gall, Kurt Zeidler, Tomasz Kecerski

High Speed 2 (HS2) mandated that Building Information Modelling (BIM) processes be implemented during design and construction. Gall Zeidler Consultants (GZ) was responsible for developing the BIM Models for the portals, tunnels, and cross passages of the of the 16 km-long Chiltern twin-bore Tunnel. In addition, GZ developed the GBR for the Chiltern Tunnels and incorporated the relevant information into the Project’s BIM framework. This paper presents the implemented BIM framework, describes the modelling approach, and discusses the advantages and challenges of implementing BIM, particularly how BIM improved interface coordination and how BIM was used in feasibility assessments of different construction options.

Jun 13, 2023

By James R. Garvey

The impact of conversion on the coal industry can be summarized very briefly: We are going to have to mine an awful lot of coal. Fortunately, the United States has the coal reserves available, and given the right conditions, we can mine it. The coal reserves of the United States are enormous. If we consider them on the basis of proved reserves, using the standards of the petroleum industry--that is, resources mapped and explored and recoverable with present techniques at close to present costs--and compare that with the reserves of other fuels, coal constitutes 88 per cent of the proved recoverable energy resources of the nation. That includes oil, natural gas, oil shale and uranium, so long as the uranium is used in burner reactors. If we consider resources on the basis of "ultimate recoverable" reserves, that is, those resources which can be extracted with improved technology and at somewhat higher costs--and if we include those resources of all fuels not yet found but believed to be waiting discovery--coal still accounts for 74 per cent of the national total. We have built a hydrocarbon economy in which about 76 per cent of our total energy needs are supplied by petroleum and natural gas, and about 20 per cent by coal. Domestic resources of oil and gas are running dangerously low and, assuming a continued hydrocarbon economy, the 20 per cent supplied by coal may increase dramatically. We already import nearly a quarter of the petroleum we consume, and the chief source of additional imports seems to lie in the politically unstable Middle East. Natural gas is in even shorter supply, and the problems of importing it seem at least as difficult as those of oil. The fact is, the United States is already relying to an increasing extent on foreign fuel sources. There is an obvious national risk in making an important part of energy supply hostage to foreign governments of uncertain tenure and friendliness. There is also an economic risk--one of the chief reasons for last year's economic freeze was to try to correct the deficit in our balance of payments; it is obvious

Jan 1, 1972

RISKGATE is an interactive online risk management system developed by the Minerals Industry Safety and Health Centre (MISHC; University of Queensland) to maximise health and safety performance in the mining industry through implementing continual improvement in management of major unwanted events. A comprehensive knowledge base has been captured for risk management of tyres, collisions, fires, isolation, strata underground, ground control open cut, explosions, explosives, manual tasks and slips/trips/falls. This will be extended to outburst, coal burst and bumps, interface displays and controls, tailings dams and inrush in 2013. RISKGATE presents substantive and leading edge controls to assist industry stakeholders in the design, management and reporting of organisational and regulatory compliance requirements. From a broader industry perspective, RISKGATE provides an environment for knowledge capture and knowledge exchange to drive innovation and best practice in the identification, assessment and management of risk. By capturing operational knowledge from industry experts, RISKGATE provides a cumulative corporate memory at a time of high personnel turnover in the coal industry. All major Australian mining companies are contributing topic experts to this broad industry initiative. In the first 24 months, nine coal mining companies nominated over 80 different experts who contributed over 400 days of individual time to the knowledge capture workshops. RISKGATE is the largest single Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) occupational health and safety (OHS) initiative to date.

Aug 1, 2013