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By Harry T. Hamilton

THE genial assistant to the president of the New York Trust Co. is the latest addition to the Institute's board of directors, having been elected at the March meeting of the hoard to fill the unexpired term of the late E. E. Ellis. Usually when a banker is appointed to the board of a company the reason is obvious; the difference in this case is that the New York Trust Co. has some of the Institute's money, instead of vice versa. But Harry Hamilton is not really a banker-at least not primarily. Frefluently big financial institutions have a good mining engineer on their staffs to keep them from financing too many "cats and dogs." At any rate Mr. Hamilton gave up his consulting practice in San Francisco back in 1927, to accept his present position in New York. Until then, from the time he graduated from Yale in 1904, lie was constantly engaged in mining operations of one kind or another in the West and in Mexico. His first job was at Christmas, Ariz., where lie did "sampling and miscellaneous work" for the Saddle Mountain Mining Co. The writer tramped up to, all over, and through that property one hog day many years later, when it was run by the Christmas Mining Co., and carp assure the reader that without doubt the young Yale graduate got some good experience and was well broken in. From there Mr. Hamilton went to Cananea for a time, and then to the Copper Queen, at Bisbee, where he was a valued member of the rigging gang. An assignment of assaying and sampling for the Shan¬non Copper Co. at Metcalf lasted for a few months and then he accepted a job for a year with the geological department

Jan 1, 1936

By Alfred H. Brooks

LESS than a decade ago the consumption of coal in Alaska was practically limited to the salmon canneries and the few lode-mines and settlements along the Pacific coast of the Ter¬ritory. The sparse population of the interior depended on the forests, that of the shores of Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean on driftwood for fuel. All this has changed. The thousands who have sought and mined gold on the Seward peninsula since 1898 have much impoverished the long-accumulated supply of driftwood, and at the same time the constantly increasing demand for fuel, on the part of the placer-camps and steamers, has resulted in heavy inroads being made on the accessible timber of the Yukon and its tributaries. While on the one hand the immediately available store of wood has decreased, on the other the consumption of fuel because of the rapid expansion of the mining and fishery industries and the attendant growth of population has much increased. Alaska, therefore, offers a constantly growing market for coal and other fuels. As the local coal-production has been insignificant, the demand has been met by importations from Washington, British Columbia, and even from Pennsylvania and Australia. Fuel-Consumption Mr. D. H. Jarvis, Collector for Alaska, has kept systematic records of the trade of the Territory since 1903. The statistics of the coal-importations of the past two years are shown in Table I. If data were available for a longer period of years, the increase of coal-importations would be much more striking.

Jul 1, 1905

By R. S. Newlin

IN reality, the Butte district is the birthplace of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co., for it was here that strength was gathered and means provided for later expansions of the Company. The Butte district was organized at a miners' meeting on Aug. 20, 1866, primarily for gold placer-mining operations. Substantial amounts of placer gold were recovered from gulch gravels during the period 1862 to 1868. The earliest lode claim locations in the district were recorded in July and August 1864. Copper ore was first shipped, to Swansea, Wales, in 1866. In November 1866, according to the Montana Post, construction of a smelter was started to treat the silver

Jan 1, 1948

By Richard S. Fowkes

This Bureau of Mines report describes the Human Factors in Mining Search System (HFMSS), a computerized information retrieval system that provides relevant human factors information from journal articles, research reports, seminars, conferences, etc. in terms of 19 mining-related categories. It is the only existing data base that stresses all of the areas of human factors as applied to mining. Examples of these categories are biomechanics and work physiology, human error and human reliability, work design and task analysis, manual materials handling and back injuries, hand tools, organizational and management practices, psychological factors, and training. Although the emphasis is on literature dealing directly with mining, applicable material from other areas of research is included for those categories in which little research has been done in mining. Each record in HFMSS can be recalled by any field such as title, author, date, source, descriptive terms or key words, as well as by any words found in an abstract that describes the purpose, procedure, and results of the research. This report describes HFMSS fields and subject categories, the annotated bibliography, user's manual, and thesaurus of key words. Example printouts in both brief and full formats are included as an appendix.

Jan 1, 1990

By N. A. Duke, R. L. Carpenter

Abstract - The West Meliadine area is underlain by structurally interleaved panels of mafic and minor ultramafic metavolcanic rocks and metasedimentary rocks that occur along the northern margin of the Neoarchean Rankin Inlet greenstone belt. Three structural and metamorphic domains are recognized: (1) the easterly Wesmeg domain; (2) the central Barracuda-Ridge domain; and (3) the westerly Peter Lake domain. The Wesmeg domain is characterized by a series of southeast-trending, north-dipping, foliation-parallel panels of greenschist facies mafic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. The Barracuda-Ridge domain is comprised of greenschist to amphibolite facies mafic metavolcanic rocks that define an east-northeast-trending structural grain. The Peter Lake domain consists of amphibolite facies mafic metavolcanic rocks and minor metasedimentary rocks intruded by a monzonite pluton. West Meliadine hosts the economically significant Wesmeg gold deposits, as well as other important gold showings across the Barracuda-Ridge and Peter Lake domains. The geological setting of the Wesmeg gold deposits resembles that of a break or fault zone. The Pyke Break is a major geophysical discontinuity (>65-km strike length) and is the first-order structural control on gold mineralization at West Meliadine. It is several kilometers wide and characterized by polyphase deformation and shear zone development accompanied by lode-gold mineralization. In general, gold concentration is related to quartz and iron-carbonate veining, iron sulfides (mainly arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite), and accompanying silicate alteration minerals that overprint favorable chemical and structural traps late in the history of deformation.

Jan 1, 2004

By J. Zhang, A. J. S. Spearing, L. Ma

Ore deposits are becoming more complex to mine as a result of the exhaustion of surface and other easily mined deposits. There is also increasing socio-political pressure to design more environmentally sound, sustainable, and safe mining practices. Wang and Ma designed a mining method for coal, similar to a modified drift and fill using a continuous miner to take sequential cuts (rooms) that are subsequently backfilled. The authors have modified the concept to make it more autonomous, safer, and less costly using highwall coal mining techniques, modified and adapted for underground applications. The method is more flexible than longwall mining and the percentage extraction would seem to be in the same range. In addition because of the backfilling, surface subsidence would not be a major issue and could be more effectively managed.

Feb 2, 2021

By Kirtley F. Mather

FROM almost every point of view, petroleum was "strategic mineral number one" during the World War that ended in 1945. Even the spectacular advent of the atomic bomb in the final days of the conflict did not displace it from its position of prime importance, although within a few years uranium will almost certainly be the "number one" material in the minds of military strategists, if it is not even now in that position. But both as fuel and as raw material for chemical industries, petroleum will hold the center of the stage for many years to come. Hardly any other substance illustrates so fully the manner in which science and technology may be combined to achieve the utmost success in contributing to human efficiency and comfort. Fundamental to any understanding of the problems implied by my topic

Jan 1, 1948

Post--Crunch Financial Management -An Overview A. The Industry and the Capital Markets B. .The SME -De-risking the Current and New Assets Followed by: C. The Lender?s Perspective on Re-financing?Jeff Stufsky, BNPParibas, NYCD D. .The Agency/Export Credit Lender Perspective?Doug Macaulay, EDC, Ottawa E. The Foreign Political Insurance Perspective?Pierre Vieillescazes, Carrick-Bend, Washington, DC ?Four Fundamental Metal Models No Longer Prevail. ?Mining is in new ?waters?: so be prepared (next page). ?Capital markets are uncertain-so be your own financier first ?If tight capital may remain, prepare to triage based on cash-flow production (not oz, lbs, tonnes, etc) ?Know your banker/financier(and it should know mining) ?In the past, it was ?know your borrower? ?The climbing team can fall if one climber carries too much ?Constantly re-assess the risk matrix (and j/v?s), and ?De-risk/diversify both the asset and the capital base

May 1, 2010

By Paul R. Terry

This paper presents a brief picture of the quality of coal produced in Eastern Canada for use in thermal generating stations. It describes, in particular, the characteristics of coals burned in six power plants -two in New Brunswick and four in Nova Scotia. Each station is dis-cussed in turn, and comments are made on the coals used therein with regards to origin and physical and chemical properties affecting station operation. A table of coal data shows, at a glance, the wide variation in the quality of coals received by these stations from producers in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. "The promotion of improved coal quality for thermal generation can benefit our national economy." T HIS is the opening statement in a paper which was presented by Mr. D. A. Pirttinen at the Coal Division's Toronto meeting in April, 1960. In bringing the power engineer's viewpoint to the coal producers' attention, Mr. Pirttinen made a survey of utility steam plants operating in Canada, and the results of this survey formed the basis for his paper, which he titled: "Generating Station Coal Quality.

Jan 1, 1965

By Basil B. Zavoico

CRUDE oil production in the United States during 1938 reached approximately 1,214,355,000 barrels, an average of 3,327,000 barrels per day, or 5 per cent below the 1937 record output of 1,279,160,000 barrels. The decreased production did not prevent the stocks of all products from increasing to a total of 575,954,000 barrels by Sept. 30, an increase of 10,957,000 above the total on Jan. 1, or an average daily storage increase in all products of 40,135 barrels. The increase in total stocks was made entirely in the refined products, stocks of crude oil during the first nine months of 1938 having actually declined 7,155,000 barrels to 299,671,000 barrels, or an average daily decline of 26,209 barrels. The 1937 reversal of the preceding five-year trend of discoveries totalling less than withdrawals was continued through 1938 with indicated reserve addition from both new discoveries and extensions considerably in excess of the

Jan 1, 1939

By C. H. Elder

A 5-hole pattern was drilled from the surface at a site near Oak Grove, Jefferson County, Ala., to degasify the gassy Mary Lee coal bed in advance of mining. Gas and water production was monitored for 1 year, 4 months to allow gas flow to stabilize fully. A thickened water stimulation treatment was designed and applied in one hole of the pattern to evaluate this degasification technique for the Mary Lee coalbed. A gas production rate of 70,000 fts/day after stimulation treatment indicates that the use of vertical boreholes coupled with hydraulic fracturing in advance of mining the Mary Lee coalbed would provide for more rapid degasification and could provide a possible source of natural gas.

Jan 1, 1974

By S. Tuylu, D. Adiguzel, A. Bascetin

"In recent years the fact that mining tailings cause serious environmental problems resulted in increasing number of studies about their disposal, storage and usability in various areas. Therefore the new studies about using the tailings for some purposes such as using in shotcrete or producing concrete have been increasing recently. The study is focused on applicability of tailings for producing shotcrete. Under this scope it is considered that mining tailings can bring many advantages in case of that they are used instead of sand, silt or fine aggregate in shotcrete applications. Most important advantages can be listed as decreasing shotcrete cost, decreasing amount if mining tailings to be disposed and the contribution to be provided on sustainable production of sources. The main objective of this study is the investigation of using mine tailing instead of fine aggregate in shotcrete. In this study, 10 shotcrete designs in different proportions were formed, and properties of the mixtures were identified. Then, the experimental results were statistically analyzed, the effects of the amount of the tailing material used on shotcrete properties were presented, and empirical approaches that can be used for the estimation of these properties were developed. INTRODUCTION The disposal of high amount mine tailing on the surface is caused a lot of problems in terms of environmental impact. Unfortunately, it is known that classic disposal techniques such as tailing dam cannot provide a solution these problems. The tailing dams which are usually used in the disposal of mining tailings bring along many problems in terms of cost, environment, and human health. So mine tailings are used in different production such as shotcrete. This technique is becoming increasingly common during recent years. The usability of mine tailings in brick and concrete production instead of cement and fine aggregate has been studied by many studies [1-4]. This situation has been promising for the usability of tailings in shotcrete which is commonly used for ground support especially in tunnels. Shotcrete (sprayed concrete) is applied mainly for construction of tunnels, shafts, renovation works and strengthening of slopes. Main advantage of shotcrete is fast development of strength, which quickly ensures stability of strengthened structure [5]. Shotcrete can be defined as spraying the grout consisting of water, aggregate, cement and optional additive mixture on the desired surface with a compressed air. According to the definition of the American Concrete Institute (ACI), it is the spraying of sprayed grout or concrete on a surface at high speed with air pressure [6]. In recent years, the use of shotcrete for the support of underground excavations is decreased in the mining industry. The design of shotcrete support for underground excavations is a very imprecise process. Strength and pumpability properties of shotcrete are very significant for determining suitable shotcrete design. Flow characteristics of the shotcrete must be determined for pumpability and fluidity of the material."

Jan 1, 2017

By B. Q. By

TiO2 is an ideal material for catalytic technology due to its unique properties. In this paper, Sm3+ doped TiO2 photo-catalyst was developed to improve the efficiency of TiO2 and to use the natural light as irradiation source, which was made from Titanium Tetrabutoxide and Samarium Oxide with the Sol-Gel process. The Sm3+-TiO2 photocatalyst was used to degrade reactive orange 4 (RO4) in Azo Dyes. The effects of solution pH, Sm3+ concentration and catalytic time on the degradation rate of RO4 were studied. The characteristics of the catalyst were analyzed with XRD and TEM. The experimental results show that the catalyst has high activity in the degradation of RO4. The Azo bonds of RO4 are active and easily broken by oxidation. The catalytic activity of the Sm3+ doped catalyst greatly depends on the pH of solution. The catalyst has high photo-catalytic activity at both neutral and alkaline conditions. The degradation mechanism of the Sm3+ doped TiO2 photo-catalyst was also discussed.

Jan 1, 2014

By Luis Noval Noval García

El objetivo de la ventilación es desarrollar una atmósfera saludable, segura y apta para la realización del trabajo por parte del personal. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala los gases como problemas comunes presentados dentro del ambiente minero tales como asfixia por anoxia (caso de inhalación) intoxicación, envenenamiento y muerte (letal) e inflamación y explosión (Productos). Para eliminar estos riesgos se debe eliminar las causas a través de una buena ventilación. Asimismo, es necesario conocer las propiedades de los gases, disponer de equipos para detectar su presencia y procurar los medios para eliminarlos.

Sep 1, 1984

By T. T. Chen

Canadian Electrolytic Zinc has developed the "cement-stabilization of jarosite residue" Garofix) process to stabilize zinc plant jarosite residues for disposal. The cement-jarosite mixtures cure quickly, have good mechanical strength and low hydraulic permeability; they possess good neutralizing capability and chemical stability. In the jarofix process, Portland cement partly decomposes jarosite to form (SO4MOH)12.nH2O, ferric hydroxide and an alkali sulphate. Approximately 40% of the jarosite reacts in mixtures containing 30% cement. The jarofix product also contains various Ca-Al-Fesilicate-sulphate-hydrate phases and gypsum, which bond the individual particles together imparting mechanical strength and reducing the permeability. Most of the reactions take place in the first few hours of curing. Ammonium jarosite is slightly more reactive than sodium jarosite but releases NH3 gas; water-soluble Zn in the jarosite residue is stabilized in the cement reaction products.

Jan 1, 1996

By Frederic Souche, Andrew R. Klaetsch, Brian Hann, Nick Goodenow

This paper describes support of excavation (SOE) design and construction for three large diameter shafts excavated through glacial soil and controlled blasting in complex sedimentary rock formations. SOE in soil consists of unreinforced secant pile rings designed to resist lateral pressure in circumferential compression, eliminating costly steel core beam reinforcing. Controlled blasting at the shafts, adits, and tunnels in densely populated neighborhoods requires managing risks to the public, buildings, and utilities. Controlled blasting approaches limited adverse impacts to receptors nearby while achieving adequate production and fragmentation. A site-specific observational approach was used to adjust blasting parameters, limiting the impact on local stakeholders while maintaining daily progress and managing overbreak.

Jun 13, 2023

By C. A. Oestreicher

For sulfide minerals, the presence of dissolved oxygen in the water phase is an influencing factor for separation by flotation. Klassen and Mokrousov(I:217l distinguish three stages of oxygen adsorption; namely, reversible adsorption, activated adsorption and, finally, surface oxidation. While contraversial, limited adsorption of oxygen is believed to improve the interfacial reactivity between collector and mineral. Intensive surface oxidation of sulfide minerals usually results in unsatisfactory flotation with collectors of the xanthate type. The influence of dissolved oxygen in the water phase has received consideration for sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcocite, and covellite(2,3,4,5,6). However, the nature of surface oxidation products of sulfide minerals has received very limited investigation(6,7). Lightly oxidized galena promotes the adsorptive reaction of surfactant (xanthate or dixanthogen). Tolun and Kitchener(8) state that limited interaction occurs between galena and xanthate under relatively reducing conditions. And, that exposure to oxygen raises the electrochemical potential of the galena to that required for reaction with xanthate or dixanthogen. In the latter condition, the galena has an "effective flotation surface". On the other hand, intensive oxidation of galena reduces the chemical reaction with xanthate collectors (9) . Complete flotation with xanthate-type surfactants with increasing oxygen content in the water phase has been determined to have the following sulfide mineral sequence(3): galena, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and arseno-pyrite. The work of Cusack(4) suggests that some threshold amount of oxygen is necessary for flotation to occur, but heavy oxidation hinders flotation with xanthates. According to Tolun and Kitchener(8) catalytic oxidation of xanthate to dixanthogen occurs. From infrared studies, Poling and Leja(IO,II) found that in the absence of oxygen in solution, xanthate ions do not adsorb either on

Jan 1, 1972

By P. R. Tisot

Knowledge acquired from this research contributes to a better understanding of the physical structure of Green River oil shale and provides fundamental data and concepts that may serve to improve oil-shale technology. This study by the Bureau of Mines indicates that oil shale is a highly consolidated organic-inorganic system with no significant micropore structure, pore volume, or internal surface. This system is a form of physical structure that precludes rapid diffusion of either gases or liquids. The mineral matter consists essentially of nonspherical particles that tend to follow a log-normal size distribution. An excess of 99 weight-percent of these particles have equivalent spherical diameters of less than 44 microns--75 weight-percent are from 2 to 20 microns, and 15 weight-percent are less than 2 microns. The surface area (3 to 5 square meters per gram) of these mineral constituents is mainly external surface. The mineral constituents contain some micropore structure--pore radii ranging from 10 to 100 Angstrom--with the pore sizes randomly distributed. Distribution of the organic matter within the inorganic matrix is essentially interparticle and not intraparticle. The organic matter within the micropores of the mineral constituents is less than 4 percent of the total. Estimates made from surface area data suggest that perhaps only a small amount of the organic matter is bonded either physically or chemically to the mineral constituents.

Jan 1, 1963

By Charles J. Stehlik

This report deals with the changing behavior of mine roof bolt and roof rock as a result of repetitious production blasting . Observations were made in the upper shale production headings at the White Pine Copper Co. room and pillar mine , White Pine , Mich . Roof bolt compression pads and a stratascope were used in the investigations , which were carried out in three separate test sites in which nearly identical procedure produced comparative , repetitive , and anomalous observations . Results indicate roof bolt tension change and roof quality deterioration anomalies were coincident with blasting . The hypothesized cause of the anomalies is a seismic shock generated by the blasts .

Jan 1, 1964

By Leon W. Dupuy

Marquette's first reported the existence of iron In Missouri in 1673. Recorded production wan begun in 1815, increasing in size and importance until 1888, when the low price of iron resulting from Minnesota's production of high-grade ore caused most of the operators to close down. Missouri's iron production came from three types of ore: (l) Brown ores, including the deposits of primary and secondary limonites in southeast and southwest Missouri, (2) hematites of the filled sinks, including the ores of Central Ozark district, and (3) specular ores in porphyry, including the deposits of the St. Francois Mountains.

Jan 1, 1949