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Jan 1, 1938

By T. A. Rickard

T HE life and career of Daniel Cowan Jackling constitute a distinctive part of a passing era, marked by the intensive exploration and exploitation of the mineral resources of the western regions of the United States. In the development of his abilities and in the use of his opportunities, he typifies the initiative, the energy, and the skill of a modern captain .of industry. Daniel C. Jackling was born at Hudson, Mo., on Aug. 1.4, 1869. He was the only child of Daniel Jackling, born in England of English parents, and Lydia Jane (Dunn) Jackling, born in the United States, but of Scottish ancestry. His father died a few months after he was born, and he lost his mother less than two years later. The orphan boy was adopted by his aunt. He went to school as soon as he was old enough to walk the two miles, and back, alone. As opportunity offered, he went

Jan 1, 1937

By AIME AIME

BUFFALO, Queen City of the Lakes, singularly accessible by land, water and air, will be the mecca for metallurgists throughout the United States and Canada during the week of the National Metal Congress, Oct. 3 to 7. Headquarters during the National Metal Congress will be the Hotel Statler and there on Wednesday and Thursday, Oct. 5 and 6, the Institute of Metals and Iron and Steel Divisions, A.I.M.E., will hold a series of technical sessions, the annual Science Lecture, a dinner and executive committee meetings. The American Society for Steel Treating, American Welding Society, Production Division of the Society of Automotive Engineers, the Iron and Steel and Machine Shop Practice Divisions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Wire Association and the American Drop Forging Institute will present a carefully planned program extending throughout the week.\

Jan 1, 1932

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All the TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS and CONTRIBUTIONS published in 1939 are available at Institute headquarters, unless otherwise noted. They are also on file in many public, university and technical libraries and, when so indicated in the list, may be found in the TRANSACTIONS. TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS in Classes A-Metal Mining, B-Milling and Concen-tration, H-Industrial Minerals, and ;I-Mining Geology are distributed in MINING TECHNOLOGY, which is issued every other month. Technical Publications in Classes C-Iron. and Steel Division, D-Nonferrous Metallurgy and E-Institute of Metals Division are distributed in METALS TECHNOLOGY, which is issued twice quarterly. TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS in Class G-Petroleum Division are distributed in PETRO-LEUM TECHNOLOGY, which is issued quarterly. TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS in Classes F-Coal Division, J-Mineral Industry Education Division, K-Mining Administra-tion, and L-Geophysical Methods of Exploration are issued as separate pamphlets. An Institute member is entitled to one copy of any TECHNICAL PUBLICATION or CON-TRIBUTION. Copies of TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS listed have been mailed to members of the Institute according to their registration by classes. CONTRIBUTIONS and Other TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS will be sent upon request. A member relay purchase an additional copy of a TECHNICAL PUBLICATION Or a CONTRIBUTION at One cent a page; minimum charge, 25¢. Nonmembers may purchase any CONTRIBUTION or a TECHNICAL PUBLICATION Of the F, J, K, or L classes at the same rate, but the nonmember price per copy for METALS TECHNOLOGY, MINING TECHNOLOGY or PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY is $1. TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS (separate pamphlet form), $2 per annum; Canadian and foreign postage 50 cents extra. METALS TECHNOLOGY, $7 per annum; Canadian and foreign postage 50 cents extra (Iron and Steel Division and Institute of Metals Division ferrous and nonferrous papers). MINING TECHNOLOGY, $6 per annum; Canadian and foreign postage 50 cents extra (metal mining, milling and concentration, Industrial Minerals Division, and mining geology papers). PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY, $4 per annum; Canadian and foreign postage 50 cents extra. Bound volumes have been mailed to members that have requested them, and MINING AND METALLURGY is mailed each month. A member is entitled to one volume a year on his membership and lie may purchase for $2.50 one copy of a volume not already received; additional copies of 'the same volume, $5. Nonmembers may pur-chase the volumes listed, at $5 each, plus 60 cents for Canadian or foreign postage. Extra single copies of MINING AND METALLURGY, 25¢ current issue, back numbers 500 each to members; to nonmembers 50¢ current issue and $1 each, back issues. Subscription price to nonmembers and to members for extra copies, $3 per annum plus $1 for Canadian or foreign postage.

Jan 1, 1939

All the TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS and CONTRIBUTIONS published in 1940 are available at Institute headquarters, unless otherwise noted. They are also on file in many public, university and technical libraries and, when so indicated in the list, may be found in the TRANSACTIONS. TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS in Classes A-Metal Mining, B-Milling and Concen-tration, H-Industrial Minerals, and I-Mining Geology are distributed in MINING TECHNOLOGY, which is issued every other month. Technical Publications in Classes C-Iron and Steel Division, D-Nonferrous Metallurgy and E-Institute of Metals Division are distributed in METALS TECHNOLOGY, which is issued twice quarterly. TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS in Class G-Petroleum Division are distributed in PETRO-LEUM TECHNOLOGY, which was issued quarterly in 1940 but will be issued every other month in 1941. TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS in Classes F-Coal Division, J-Mineral Industry Education Division, K-Mining Administration, and L-Geophysical Methods of Exploration are issued as separate pamphlets. An Institute member is entitled to one copy of any TECHNICAL PUBLICATION or CONTRIBUTION. Copies of TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS listed have been mailed to members of the Institute accord-ing to their registration by classes. CONTRIBUTIONS and other TECHNICAL PUBLICA-TIONS will be sent upon request. A member may purchase an additional copy of a TECHNICAL PUBLICATION or a CONTRIBUTION at one cent a page; minimum charge, 25¢. Nonmembers may purchase any CONTRIBUTION or a TECHNICAL PUBLICATION of the F, J, K, or L classes at the same rate, but the nonmember price per copy for METALS TECHNOLOGY, MINING TECHNOLOGY or PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY is $1.25 domestic, $1.35 foreign countries. TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS (separate pamphlet form), $2 per annum domestic, $2.50 foreign. METALS TECHNOLOGY, $7 per annum domestic, $7.80 foreign (Iron and Steel Division and Institute of Metals Division ferrous and nonferrous papers). MINING TECHNOLOGY, $6 per annum domestic, $6.60 foreign (metal mining, milling and concentration, Industrial Minerals Divi-sion, and mining geology papers.) PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY, $6 per annum domestic, $6.60 foreign. Bound volumes have been mailed to members that have requested them, and MINING and METALLURGY is mailed each month. A member is entitled to one volume a year on his membership and he may purchase for $2.50 one copy of a volume not already received; additional copies of the same volume, $5. Nonmembers may pur-chase the volumes listed, at $5 each, plus 60 cents for Canadian or foreign postage. Extra single copies of MINING AND METALLURGY, 25¢ current issue, back numbers 50¢ each to members; to nonmembers 506 current issue and $1 each, back issues. Subscription price to nonmembers and to members for extra copies, $3 per annum domestic, $4.00 foreign.

Jan 1, 1940

Ninetecn papers and a round table. as follows: The Future of the American Iron and Steel Industry (Howe memorial Lecture), by Zay Jeffries; Rote of Carbon Elimination and Degree of Oxidation of metal Hath in Isasic Open-hearth Practice. 11, by ,Alexander L. Feild; A New Method for determining lron Oxide in Liquid Steel, by C. H. Herty. Jr., J. M. Gaines. Jr., H. Freeman and M. W. Lightner; I'racticsl Obarrvntions on Manufacture of basic Open-hearth, High-carbon Killed Steel, by W. J. Itcagan; Production of Gray lron from steel Scrap in the Electric Furnace, by T. F. Baily; reclaim ing Steel-foundry Sanda, by A. H. Dierker; Influence of Rate of Cooling on Dendritic Structure and Microstructure of Some Hypocutectoid Steel, by Albert Sauveur and C. H. Chou; Transformation of Austcnite at Constant Subcritiral Temprratures, by I?. S. Dnvenport and E. C. Bain; Progress Notes on the Iron-silicon Equilibrium Diagram, by Bradley stoughton and S. Greiner; Influence of Nitrogen on Special Steels and Some Experiments on Case-hardening with Nitrogen; by Shun-ichi Satoh; Production and Some properties of Large Iron Crystals, by N. A. Ziegler: Tensile Properties of Rail and Other Steels at Elevated Temperatures, by John R. Freeman, Jr. and G. Willard Quick; Endurance Properties of Steel in Steam, by T. S. Fullcr; Development of Casing for Deep Wells; a Study of Structural Alloy Steels, by F. W. Bremmer; Electrolytic Iron from Sulfide Ores. by Robert D. Pike, George H. West, L. V. Steek, Ross Cummings and B. P. Littlc; Sintering Limonitic Iron Ores at Ironton, Minnesota, by Perry G. Harrison; Concentration of the mesabi Ilematites, by E. W. Davia; Resistance of Iron Ores to Decrepitation and Mechanical Work, by T. L. Joseph and E. P. Barrett; Experiments Demonstrate Method of Producing Artificial Manganese Ore, by T. L. Joseph, E. P. Barrett and C. E. Wood; Iron Ore Round Table.

Jan 1, 1930

The high-grade orebody at Miami was mined successively by top-slicing, shrinkage, stoping and under caving. The method described in this paper was developed to enable the low-grade orebody (36,000,000 tons assaying 1.06 per cent copper) to be mined at a low cost without further dilution of the grade. The method is clearly described and illustrated by drawings and photographs, and the original paper should be consulted as it is impracticable to abstract it, beyond noting that the mining cost is just under 40 cents per ton and the average grade of ore now being produced yields less copper than the mill tailing of 1915, the tons mined per day having increased from 4000 to 18,000 in the same period. Vertical and Incline Shaft Sinking at North Star Mine By Arthur B. Foote, Grass Valley, Calif. (Tech. Pub. No. 324: Class A. Metal Mining, No. 36) THE main shaft of the North Star mine is an inclined one following the main vein at an average dip of 26 deg., a vertical shaft intersects it at the 4000-ft. (incline) level, the incline continuing to the 6300-ft. level. At this point the vein was found to give out and a new vein, called the No. 1, was found to dip in exactly the opposite direction.

Jan 1, 1930

[Separates of all the Technical Publications published in 1929 are available at lnstitute headquarters. All the papers are on file in public, university and technical libraries, and when so indicated in the list, may be found in the Transactions.] Metal Mining Technical Pdbli- Title Author Meeting Trans. cation . Volume No. and Page* 182-A-23 The Royal Commission on Mining Henry Louis New York Subsidence Feb., 1929 183-A-24 Cycles in Metal Production D. F. Hewett Nen. York T29, 65, 95 Feb., 1929 199-A-25 Ventilation at the United Verde Oscar A. Glaeser New York T29,- 114. Mine Feb., 1929 206-A-26 Air Conditioning In Deep Mines R. W. Waterfill New York T29. 99, 112 Feb., 1929 245-A-27 Bumps in No. 2 Mine, Springhill, Walter Herd New York Nova Scotia (with discussion) Feb., 1929 257-A-28 Misfires: Their Causes, Prevention New York and Treatment on Occurrence Feb., 1929 Misfires in Anthracite Coa1 T. D. Thomas Mines (With Discussion) Misfires in Bituminous Coal W. H. Forbes Mines (With Discussion) Misfires in Non-metallic Mining A. W. Worthington (Limestone) (With Discussion) Milling and Concentration 195-B-15 A Study of Differential Flotation C. R. Ince New York Feb., 1929 196-B-16 Elements of Operation of the Arthur F. Taggart New York Pneumatic Table H. L. Lechmereoertel Feb., 1929 202-B-18 Silver-bearing Minerals of Some A; W. Habn New York T29, 325 Ores from Tintic Mining District Feb., 1929 204-B-17 Experiments with Flotation Re- A. F. Taggart New York agents T. C. Taylor Feb., 1929 C. R. Ince 208-B-20 Cyanide Regeneration or Recov- C. W. Lawr Sun Francisco ety as Practiced by the Com- Oct., 1929 pania Beneficiadora de Pachuca, Mexico 214-B-19 Calculations in Ore Dressing W. Luyken New York E. Bierbraer Feb., 1929 217-B-21 Differential Grinding Applied to Leon M. Banks San Francisco Tailing Retreatment George A. Johnson Oct., 1929 224-B-22 Reducing and Oxidizing Agents Research Staff San Francisco and Lime Consumption in Flo- of United Verde Oct., 1929 tation Pulp Copper Co. 247-B-23 Copper Sulfate as Flotation Acti- 0. C. Ralaton San Francisco vator for Sphalerite 0. R. King Oct., 1929 F. X. Tartaron

Jan 1, 1929

By K. L. Myers, R. Espell, C. Deringer

Construction of the AA Pad reclamation was completed in the fall of 2000. Seeding of the ET cover began in the late fall of 2000 and continued through May of 2001. On Saturday afternoon, June 1, 2002, a large, very localized thunderstorm struck the reclaimed AA Pad site. Eyewitnesses present at the time described a dark storm cloud parked above the site for less than half an hour. Average rainfall intensity was measured to be 122 mm (4.8 inches) per hour and peak rainfall intensity was estimated to be 213 mm (8.4 inches) to 259 mm(10.2 inches) per hour. At the time of the storm, the construction was less than two (2) years old and the vegetation had only a single season of growth. The entire period from the end of construction until the date of the storm was a drought period with below normal precipitation. Other than a few small snowmelt events, there was no precipitation event large enough to produce any significant flow in the channel network. Therefore, the very first significant runoff event was the extreme event of June 1, 2002. The storm essentially represents a large-scale field test of the design concepts used at the AA Pad site. Shortly after the storm, data was collected and analyzed with the intent of learning as much as possible about the performance of the cover system design with the expectation that the newly acquired knowledge might be utilized in future designs to further improve the performance of similar cover systems during extreme events.

Jan 1, 2003

By M. Friák, L. G. Wang, M. Šob, V. Vitek

"The paper gives an account of applications of quantum-mechanical (first-principles) electronic structure calculations to the problem of theoretical tensile strength in metals and intermetallics. First, we briefly describe the way of simulating the tensile test and the electronic structure calculational method. Our approach is then illustrated on calculations of theoretical tensile strength in W, NiAl and transition metal disilicides MoSi2 and WSi2 with C11b structure. In Wand NiAl, we consider uniaxial tension along [001] and [111] directions. Although tungsten is elastically nearly isotropic (C44 = C”), theoretical tensile strength exhibits a marked anisotropy (oth/001 = 29 GPa, o'th/111 = 40 GPa). Calculated results compare favorably with experimental value of 24.7±3.6 GPa obtained for tungsten whiskers grown along the [110] direction. Similarly, in NiAl, the 'hard' orientation [001] differs very significantly from the [ill] orientation (oth/001 = 46 GPa, oth/111 = 25 GPa). This anisotropy is explained in terms of higher-symmetry structures present or absent on the calculated deformation paths. In disilicides, the theoretical strength is calculated for [001] loading (oth/001 = 37 GPa and 38 GPa for MoSi2 and WSi2 , respectively). The role of relaxation of internal structure parameter is discussed and changes in bonding conditions during the tensile test are analyzed.IntroductionIn most engineering applications, the strength of materials is limited by the presence of internal defects. If there were no defects, then, for example, the tensile strength could be several orders of magnitude higher and its value would be comparable with that of shear modulus. Therefore, the strength of ideal (defect-free) crystal represents an upper limit of attainable stresses, which is called the ideal strength. While it may not be possible to achieve the ideal strength in practice, it is not possible to exceed it. However, the ideal strength is already approached in situations which are technologically relevant. These include the low-temperature deformation of inherently strong materials, such as diamond, Si, Ge and some of the transition-metal carbonitrides, deformation of whiskers, nanoindentation of materials with low defect densities, hardened thin films and coatings etc. The ideal strength sets the limits of elastic stability of a solid. Its knowledge is useful for estimation of the ideal work of fracture stresses needed for homogeneous nucleation of dislocations and for modelling of crack propagation."

Jan 1, 2001

By Wilton Johnson

The development and use of minerals and mineral fuels are essential to national security and to the maintenance of an expanding economy. As a Nation, we often met these needs but failed to recognize and assess the impact that mining and mineral processing activities have on other natural resources. Currently, the growing demand for energy and minerals is accompanied by an increasing awareness that the provision of these resources must not conflict with society's demand for a clean and habit-able environment. Although present mining and mineral processing activities incorporate, or have under development, technology capable of minimizing environ-mental impacts on land, air, and water, many older operations, particularly in the first half of this century, lacked the technological, social, and environmental insights that exist today. Consequently, a substantial backlog of damaging and potentially damaging conditions remains from such problems as mine subsidence, acid water generation, burning and nonburning waste banks, abandoned surface-mined lands, abandoned underground mine fires, and abandoned mine shafts and oil and gas wells.

Jan 1, 1979

Provide a full-scale test facility where the effectiveness of all types of subsidence abatement techniques can be evaluated under controlled conditions. Background Subsidence is ground movement resulting from the collapse of overlying strata into a mine void because of failure of the mine roof, mine floor, or support pillars. The failure may propagate to the surface and be expressed as a depression, cracks, or a sinkhole. The surface expression of such features may be delayed until long after mining has been completed. Subsidence has the potential to affect more land area than any other type of abandoned mine land problem. Subsidence also causes direct damage to real property, with significant financial loss and more importantly, presents a danger to public health, safety, and general welfare. Subsidence-related problems are considered to be one of the most important abandoned mine land issues. Backfilling of mine voids is the most common stabilization method used to abate subsidence and protect surface structures. Backfilling or placement of material is performed by hydraulic flushing or pneumatic stowing, using either in-mine or remote methods. The majority of the past subsidence abatement projects has been performed using remote methods from single or multiple boreholes. Other subsidence abatement techniques arc available. For example, various point support methods are used to protect small areas of the land surface and surface structures, without completely filling the mine void. These may be more appropriate under different conditions. Little documented information is available concerning the capability of the various backfilling methods for completely filling a mine void or providing long-term structural strength. Therefore, the Bureau of Mines developed a laboratory for controlled evaluation of backfilling technologies.

Jan 1, 1991

Treat contaminated coal mine drainage to meet EPA and State water quality requirements. Approach A model (fig. 1) is presented for selecting, designing, and sizing one or several passive mine drainage treatment systems that can be used in remediation of abandoned mine lands (AML). The three principal types of passive mine drainage technologies for the treatment of coal mine drainage are an aerobic system, a compost wetland, and an anoxic limestone drain. The multistep approach presented here provides a simplified method to characterize the type and magnitude of the water quality problem and then to select either a single treatment system or a combination of treatment systems to address the specific site situation. How It Works Step 1. Discharge Characterization. Characterization of the discharge consists of measuring the discharge flow rate and collecting water samples at the point of discharge for chemical analysis. Both the flow rate and chemistry of a discharge can vary seasonally and in response to storm events. It is important to account for this variability by determining flow rates and water chemistry under various conditions.

Jan 1, 1992

Determine the extent to which remote-sensing techniques, primarily lineament analysis, can be used to identify geologic structures that may affect the location and migration of subsidence over abandoned underground coal mines in the Colorado Springs, CO, area. Compile data using a geographic information system (GIS) to allow efficient and reproducible comparisons and analyses. Background The basis for evaluating abandoned mine land (AML) sites with remote-sensing techniques comes from past and ongoing Bureau ground control research using remote-sensing data to identify potential hazards caused by geologic structures (faults, joints, etc.) above active underground coal mines. Research showed that lineament (linear feature) analysis of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images could indicate locations of fractures and fracture trends that had varying, but significant, impacts on the stability of mine openings. Such geologic structures should be identifiable over abandoned mines as well. If fractures are present, even if they arc not faults, they should represent areas of potential instability over these mines and, therefore, should tend to localize subsidence when it occurs, particularly for deep and moderately deep portions of mines.

Jan 1, 1992

Identity the difficulties of establishing vegetation on mining-related wastes resulting from adverse chemical, physical, and biological properties; describe the ecological and soil factors affecting the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi (soil microorganisms) and plants; and evaluate the feasibility of establishing vegetation on mine waste by introducing mycorrhizae. Problems in Revegetation Successfully using vegetation to stabilize a situ disturbed by mining-related activities depends on knowing the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the site prior to, or at the time of, stabilization. The primary objectives of mine land reclamation are to minimize environmental degradation and to facilitate the re-establishment of a functional plant-soil system. Mining disturbances can significantly alter the physical, chem¬ical, and biological characteristic of a site, thus affecting plant establishment, survival, and growth. The physical disturbance caused by the removal and replacement of soil and overburden, together with the waste material from ore processing, affect the chemical, physical, and biological process within the disturbed soil or waste. Additionally, variability in soil properties results from differences in climate, topography, vegetation, and parent material of the site.

Jan 1, 1993

Determine the effectiveness of remining operations in reducing contaminant load (acidity, iron, and sulfate) of discharges emanating from abandoned surface and underground coal mines. Background Until the implementation of remining initiatives, most States had regulations that held the operator remining an abandoned site responsible for preexisting acid mine drainage (AMD) discharges. For example, if a mining. company wanted to remine an area hydrologically connected to an existing AMD discharge, the company became responsible, as soon as the site was activated, for treating that discharge to meet effluent standards. If the mining operation improved the quality of the discharge, but the discharge failed to meet effluent standards, the company was held accountable for perpetual treatment. Because of this regulation, most mine operators avoided abandoned sites with minable coal reserves and AMD discharges. However, changes in remining legislation allow coal companies to be released from treatment liability as long as the post-remining pollution load does not exceed the pre-remining level. If remining can improve water quality through improved mining and abatement techniques, abandoned mine land (AML) areas that previously were liabilities could become

Jan 1, 1994