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Jan 1, 1891

Jan 1, 1915

By Robert Sisselman

Saving time and energy at Consolidation Coal Co.'s Rowland mine is realized by exploiting its coal deposits via three mining methods. Surface, auger and underground techniques are uniquely combined with specialized transport vehicles to coax the coal from seams unduly protected by topography and lithology. These factors account for what is believed to be the swiftest and most economical means of working the Beckley, W. Va., property.

Jan 1, 1970

By Owen S. Roberts

During the design phases of a conveyor system, the question arises regarding the type of drive required for each application. The paper shows that the correct drive for any particular application is the one that satisfies the criteria established for that application in the most economical manner consistent with such considerations as site location, availability of spare parts, area environmental conditions, power supplies available, etc. Following discussions of various mechanical arrangements for the drives, motor types and their characteristics are considered along with the control means of modifying these characteristics to satisfy individual requirements. These characteristics are all illustrated graphically. After selecting the motor and its starter, control accessories and interlocking arrangements as applied to material handling systems are discussed.

Jan 1, 1973

By A. P. Svenningsen

DURING the work at the test mill in Morenci, it was determined that a suitable feed for the ball mills could be made by a single pass through a short-head cone crusher. These crushers did not require a closed circuit delivering only a screen product to the mills, such as is the practice in some concentrators. By no means does this mean that the practice in these other concentrators is wrong, but just that the Morenci ore can be most economically crushed and ground in this manner. Therefore, the design of the secondary crushing plant was simply a problem of taking 25,000 tons of ore per 16 hour day from the primary crusher, this ore ranging in size from fine particles to 10 or 12 in., and reducing it to minus 3/4 in. Inasmuch as outages must be contended with in any crushing plant, it was assumed that the crusher would operate at full capacity for approximately only twleve hours per day, which is three-quarter capacity for the 16-hour shift. With this in mind, it was necessary to design a crushing plant which would average approximately 1600 tones per hour for the 16-hour day, or 2000 tons per hour for slightly over 12 hours per day.

Jan 1, 1942

By Richard D. Dick

The Los Alamos National Laboratory was involved in an oil shale fragmentation research program in cooperation with a Consortium of industrial companies to investigate the feasibility of using modified in-situ (MIS) recovery of oil from oil shale. Field tests were conducted at the Anvil Points Mine, Colorado, in the thick oil shale beds of the Green River formation. Part of the program included obtaining data about fragmentation by instrumenting the tests with accelerometers, velocity gauges, and the CORRTEX technique (Continuous Reflectometry for Radius versus Time Experiments). Some of the rock motion data from accelerometer and velocity gauges is presented, along with some conclusions. In addition, the signal recording system is briefly explained. The CORRTEX technique is discussed, and some results on explosive performance and stem behavior using the method are discussed.

Jan 1, 1984

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period Jan. 10 to Feb. 10, 1915: Members AGASSIZ, RUDOLPH Louis, Vice-Pres.,Calumet & Hecla Mining Co., Boston, Mass. AMIDON, RICHARD G., Min. Engr 3659 Girard Ave. N., Minneapolis, Minn. ANDERSON, HECTOR G. S., Min. Engr 323 N. 13th St., Muskogee, Okla. ANDERSON, JOHN CARTER, Petroleum Engr 2307 S. 33d St., Omaha, Neb. CLARKE, ALEXANDER FIELDER, Works Mgr., Firth-Sterling Steel Co., McKeesport, Pa. CROSS, CARLOS GARCIA, Min. Engr Calle Valparaiso 194, Vina del Mar, Chile. DAWSON, THOMAS WILLIAM, Min. Engr., Asst. Chief Engr., H. C. Frick Coke Co., Scottdale, Pa.

Jan 3, 1915

By Charles Rich, Robert Munson, Leonard Obert

Improved methods of predicting the caving characteristics of ore bodies is discussed. Experiments were conducted at Climax mine, Climax, Colo., on varied rock compositions. The cavability of adjacent areas, as well as seismic energy absorption proved to be good factors in determining cavability. Seismic velocity, core recovery, and rock quality designation (RQD) were found to be not as reliable.

Jan 1, 1977

By P. G. Salom

The manufacture of steel castings has become one of the important industries of the times. The late Mr. Alexander I,. Holley published in 1878, in the Metallurgical Review, an able paper, entitled "Solid Steel Castings," showing how all manner of castings could be made advantageously of steel. Mr. Holley had then but lately returned from the great iron and steel works of Terrenoire, France, which were engaged, I believe, almost exclusively on large castings, of a simple type, for the government,, and were repeating the same operation from day to day. These conditions are, as experience has shown, very different from those of ordinary practice in miscellaneons castings; and Mr. Holley might have been less confident if be had actually gone into the business. More than seven years have passed ; and as yet the magnificent possibilities held forth in his paper have not been realized. There are only six steelcasting establishments in the United States, and their total output of castings is certainly not as much as 20,000 tons per annum, and probably not more than 10,000 tons; whereas it should be over 200,000 tons to supply the needs of the country. A large number of so-called steel castings are made, however, which are nothing more than malleable iron. The best of these castings are made from a superior white pig, as low in silicon and

Jan 1, 1886

By J. J. Egan

ADVANCES in the production of quality steel have emphasized the need for greater knowledge of the amount and distribution of oxygen in the steel. Control of inclusion content and quality is largely dependent on such knowledge. While many analytical methods have been de-vised for the accomplishment of this end, few are without serious limita-tions in accuracy, convenience, or skill required in application. Usually at least two methods are necessary to determine total oxygen and constituent oxides. Because of the great importance of this problem and the specific interest in the application of such methods of analysis, the various procedures were carefully reviewed at the Union Carbide and Carbon Research Laboratories, with the view of developing a method free from the limitations mentioned above. Intensive experimentation finally led to an improved iodine extraction analysis described by Cunningham and Price. I After this had been thoroughly checked from the standpoint of the analytical chemist, it was rechecked from that of the metallurgist. This involved preparation of a number of small heats of varying composition with determination of total oxygen in the molten metal by the alumina method2 and an analysis of the solidified material without the aluminum addition by means of iodine extraction; the oxides of iron, manganese, silicon and aluminum also being determined by the iodine analysis. The report of this work constitutes the subject of this paper.

Jan 1, 1933

Executive SIDNEY J. JENNINGS, Chairman GEORGE D.-BARRON J. E. JOHNSON, JR. EDWIN LUDLOW ROBERT M. RAYMOND Membership KARL EILERS, Chairman LEWIS W. FRANCIS J. E. JOHNSON, JR. LOUIS D. HUNTOON ARTHUR L. WALKER Finance GEORGE D. BARRON, Chairman. CHARLES F. RAND BENJAMIN B. THAYER Library E. GYBBON SPILSBURY,1 Chairman ALEX C. HUMPHREYS3 GEORGE C. STONE2 J. H. JANEWAY4 BRADLEY STOUGHTON Papers and Publications BRADLEY STOUGHTON, Chairman

Jan 9, 1918

By R. A. Spitz, T. C. Frankiewicz, R. E. Lueders, D. S. Davies

Further development of the Nitric-Sulfuric Leach (NSL) process has led to an improved design of the leach and nitric acid recovery steps. NO produced in the leach step is reacted with oxygen, regenerating NO2, which is sparged directly into the leach reactor. Leaching is simplified to two steps, and the nitric acid plant is replaced with an oxidation recycle gas system. Laboratory work substantiated the concept and led to selection of operating conditions. The lab work also pointed to improved process control compared to use of nitric acid as the sole oxidant. Recovery of copper from purified pregnant liquor is modified to use air agitation electrowinning improving cathode quality and lowering tankhouse costs. Economic evaluation shows reduction of capital requirements from $2640 per annual ton to $2220 per annual ton in 1978 dollars for 45 kt/a of copper production.

Jan 1, 1982

Jan 1, 1920

By Bain, Edgar C.

THE results are presented of an investigation to discover the fundamental atomic conditions existing in Corson's high-copper alloys hardenable by means of silicide solution and reprecipitation. The study attracted the writer because it offered a very convenient example of the general type of hardenable alloys exemplified by duralumin. Sykes' iron-tungsten and iron-molybdenum alloys and the hardenable lead-antimony. SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In brief, the investigation shows that very perfect crystallinity exists in the solid solutions prepared at high temperature to contain as much dissolved silicide as possible. The lattice parameter of copper is altered very little by the amount of cobalt, nickel or chromium, and silicon dissolved. The hardening by drawing at a temperature to initiate precipitation of excess silicon and metal produces a remarkable change in the atomistics of the solid solution. The old perfection of crystallinity in the solid solution is destroyed and the new atomic spacings are of variable magnitude even in one grain, and a condition in a measure resembling that found in martensite is observed. Were no particles whatever precipitated by the drawing action, still ample causes for hardness would be in evidence in the solid solution alone. The lack of plane continuity in the crystal grains would oppose slip in a very effective manner. Complete annealing restores the crystalline perfection in large measure. In these alloys even the most sensitive methods failed to reveal the characteristic pattern of the silicide precipitated by the anneal, but this was largely to be expected as the amount is relatively small.

Jan 1, 1927

By Osamu Fukuta

The geological and geochemical characteristics of the Japanese iodine-rich brines are outlined. The iodine-rich brine in Japan is primary in its origin and its occurrence is limited in the younger marine sediments. The iodine-rich subsurface water is saturated or over- saturated by natural gas, but the water saturated by natural gas is not always rich in iodine. The iodide and bromide contents decrease with time. The bromide content decreases much more rapidly than that of iodide. It should be emphasized that the genetic environment of the Japanese type of dissolved gas and iodine deposit is not peculiar to the Japanese islands.

Jan 1, 1985

OUR 78th Annual Meeting was, technically and attendance-wise, one of the greatest to date. No one who came to New York's Hotel Statler had time to hear all 266 papers, or to attend all 70 sessions and 27 committee meetings, or to shake the hands of the more than 3000 engineers, educators, students and executives who attended-but no one was lost in the crowd. For crowds always dwindle down to groups of two and three and four, and those are the little sessions which make our meetings well worth attending. Herewith four pages of photographic highlights and sidelights on the February gathering.

Jan 3, 1950

By Eugene Guccione

Fear of inflation is one important reason for the rebirth of interest in the stock market, and natural resources are the best investment in an era of rapid inflation.

Jan 6, 1976

By Stirling Huntley, L. G. Huntley

THE controversy regarding the ,'probable future of the Mexican oil fields, and its relation to the oil industry of the United States, has led to the preparation of this paper. As has been predicted by several writers in recent papers, certain of the producing areas in the so-called "southern fields" in the Tampico Embayment have only a limited oil reserve. These areas are being pulled on by every pipe line in that region, and the length of time that they will continue to produce is a direct factor of the daily oil shipments of these companies. However, this is not the whole story, and in the following paragraphs an attempt will be made to show that the life of Mexican oil production will be a long one, and Mexican oil will continue to be a large factor n the market for an indefinite time after the areas mentioned above have been drained. The past and present producing fields will be discussed separately, in order-to establish a basis for comparison, the ,only method by which underground reserves 'can be estimated in these fields.

Jan 1, 1921

By D. S. Choi, D. L. McCain

A method of estimating the chain pillar size required to support the wide working faces of longwall or shortwall coal mining is presented. The pillar size is determined through the use of coal strength, entry geometry, panel width, and overburden pressure. Design analysis is focused on a three-entry development system in the Pittsburgh Seam but can be used for other development plans and other seams by substitution of the proper geometric and strength data.

Jan 1, 1981

By L. A. Hanson

Jan 1, 1964