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By J. A. Pile, Virgil Miller, R. G. Peterson, F. B. Petermann

"INTRODUCTION As virtually no published data are available on the sintering of fine, minus-100-mesh, ferrograde manganese ores, it is most opportune to present data on the amenability of various fine ores and mill products to the sintering process. These data cover the sintering or nodulizing of finely crushed, high-grade pyrolusite and rhodochrosite ores, sintering of manganese carbonate flotation concentrate, sintering or nodulizing the calcine from the deleading of a manganese oxide flotation concentrate, and sintering the calcines made in a Herreshoff furnace from the treatment of manganese sulfate products.If finely sized products are to be smelted in the present electric or blast ferromanganese furnaces, they must be sintered or nodulized. The only specification as to the size of the sintered or nodulized product is that it must pass a 6-inch screen and not contain over 1t-1/2 percent minus 20-mesh material. The minimum-maximum size has not been established. Undoubtedly this opti mum size will be set by the ferromanganese industry when ample quantities of manganese oxide sinters have been smelted."

Mar 1, 1942

By B Twidle, D Bertoldi, J Meikle, R Dunne

The Waihi Gold Mine is situated in a high rainfall area (annual average of over 2 m) on the North Island of New Zealand. Water treatment and discharge at the mine has been ongoing for the last 25 years. The first water treatment plant consisted of a æstandardÆ water treatment facility (ferric chloride precipitation) and cyanide detoxification. With time the project has expanded and the volumes of water increased requiring additional treatment methods (reverse osmosis) to meet the water quality for discharge. This paper will provide information on the historical development of the water treatment flow sheets, performance data and operating costs.CITATION:Bertoldi, D, Dunne, R, Twidle, B and Meikle, J, 2013. Water treatment at the Waihi Gold Mine, in Proceedings World Gold 2013 , pp 503-508 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 26, 2013

By Y. Okahara

The chlorination behaviors of pure iron and manganese oxides were investigated by combining a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique with batch-boat roasting followed by leaching. Ferrous and manganeus oxides could be chlorinated readily, but, in the absence of a reductant, the higher oxides of both iron and manganese were difficult to chlorinate. Thermogravimetric analysis curves were drawn to illustrate the complexitites of the reactions, and the possible mechanisms were discussed. Then three manganiferous materials from the Cuyuna Range of Minnesota were treated by a process involving the selective chlorination of manganese followed by leaching. The results were interpreted in the light of the chlorination mechanisms observed on the pure iron and manganese oxides.

Jan 1, 1969

By Christopher Mark

The Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability (ARMPS) program has been used to evaluate room and pillar retreat mining layouts since it was first released in the mid 1990s. After the Crandall Canyon mine disaster focused attention on the importance of pillar design, ARMPS became an essential component in most Roof Control Plans developed by mine operators. In 2010, NIOSH released ARMPS version 6, which features a ?pressure arch? loading model for deep cover room and pillar mining. NIOSH has also provided general guidance for using ARMPS, including design criteria based on statistical analyses of an extensive case history data base. Many real-world retreat mining scenarios entail mining configurations that ARMPS does not directly address. Some of these situations that the MSHA Roof Control Division (RCD) has encountered in the course of its reviews of more than 100 ?complex and non-typical? plans are ? Unmined pillars are left at the mouth of a retreat panel that function as a ?composite barrier pillar? ? The floor is extracted on retreat, increasing the mining height ? More than one row of bleeder pillars is left in an adjacent, previously mined panel ? A retreat panel is located above or below a gob area in a previously mined seam ? Bleeder pillars are partially extracted on retreat RCD has developed solutions that allow these situations to be fitted into the ARMPS framework, and these are presented in this paper. Also discussed are some of the rules of thumb that have been developed for various input parameters, such as the treatment of inseam rock and slab cuts into solid coal.

Jan 1, 2011

What is a conflict, as it is understood by men of the extractive industries? And what are the circumstances out of which these conflicts arise? A start can be made with the notion of economic conflict, which can be defined as rivalry over the use of economic resources. Such rivalry is a central part of all economizing activity. It is present within the individual, within the family, and within the business firm. In each of these units there are multiple goals competing for use of a limited income. And economic rivalry is present among individuals and firms who are competing with one another for use of the limited quantity of economic resources available to us as a society.

Jan 7, 1961

By Sidney Katell

This report is the fourth in the series, Bibliography of Investment and Operating Costs for Chemical and Petroleum Plants. The initial work, Bureau of Mines In- formation Circular 7516, was published in October 1949 in conjunction with the synthetic liquid fuels program authorized by Public Law 290, 78th Congress. It included references to and abstracts of publications appearing from 1930 to September 1948 on all processes in general use in the petroleum refining and chemical industries. A supplemental bibliography, Bureau of Mines Information Circular 7705, was published in January 1955 to cover the period September 1948 through June 1952; and Supplement 2, Information Circular 7751, published in September 1956, covered the period June 1952 through June 1954. The present supplement covers the period July 1954 through December 1956.21 The information in this paper was obtained from the following sources: 1. Bureau of Mines Information Circulars. 2. Bureau of Mines Reports of Investigations. 3. Chemical Engineering. 4. Chemical Engineering Progress. 5. Chemical Engineering Costs Quarterly (Cost Engineering).

Jan 1, 1958

By T. C. Page

The Yarnell gold depoSit, located in the Weaver mining district of Yavapai County, Arizona is found within a structurally controlled, hydrothermally altered zone that occurs within a 1700 Ma granodioritic intrusive. Both potassic and sericitically altered rock that occur around and above the low-angle northeast striking Yarnell fault are known to host economic gold mineralization; a wider envelope of weakly-propylitic alterred rock also occurs in this area. During mineralization, strong sericitization accompanied several stages of quartz ± adularia veining, stockwork formation, and localized silicification and potassic replacement, in association with deposition of specularite, pyrite (now oxidized), and gold. The footwall of the fault is also sericitically altered but poorly mineralized. Mineralization along the Yarnell fault continues both northeast and southwest from the main deposit although the thickness of the zone and associated alteration envelope diminish away from the orebody. A sample of undeformed illite taken from the Yarnell fault zone was K/Ar dated at 69 ± 1.6 Ma; this date reflects a minimum age for both mineralization and latest movement on the fault. Gold mineralization is accompanied by modest increases in Ag, As, Cu, and Mo content. Both CO2-and H20-rich fluid inclusions were studied and suggest mesothermal pressures and temperatures of formation for the deposit.

Jan 1, 1992

By L. H. Thorleifson

Demand for both gem and industrial diamonds is very strong. Synthetic production supplies industrial uses, but synthetic gems remain inferior and expensive, so the large gem market is supplied by mining. Several major mines have been depleted, and the market is receptive to new sources of high quality gems. Canada's Precambrian terrane, extending across the Canadian Shield and under the Phanerozoic cover of the Plains and Hudson Bay, has excellent potential for diamonds, but exploration conditions are difficult due to recent glaciation. Early world exploration relying on recognition of diamond in alluvial sediments was adequate to launch pre- 1900 production from India, Brazil, and Africa. Exploration success in Canada, as was the case in Russia and other more recently discovered sources, however, had to await large investments in effort supported by advanced science and technology. Canadian exploration in many ways is similar to that in other regions, relying on analysis of tectonics, indicator minerals, geophysical surveys, and multiple stages of drilling and sampling. Very different from other regions, however, is Canada's surficial environment, in which recent glaciation has caused fresh indicator minerals to be transported hundreds of km. Exploration accelerated in Canada after 1960, first in Ontario and the Arctic Islands, then in Saskatchewan in 1988, and most importantly after the Chuck Fipke - Stew Blusson discovery at Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, in 1991 that led to the billion-dollar BHP - Dia Met Ekati Mine that opened in 1998. In 2003, production from Ekati will be supplemented by that from the similar and nearby Diavik Mine of Rio Tinto and Aber. These mines will bring Canadian output to over 10% of world supply, and will position Canada with Botswana and Russia as world leaders in production of high quality gem diamonds. There could be other mines as well, as sites across the Arctic and in the south from Alberta to Québec are being explored by an array of companies, including De Beers, other majors, and several juniors.

May 1, 2003

By D. E. Sullivan

The Bureau of Mines investigated the availability of potash from 68 mines and deposits in 12 market economy countries (MEC's) containing, at the demonstrated resource level, approximately 11.7 billion metric tons (mt) of potash in assay terms of contained K2O; K2O as used by industry as a standard of comparison for the different forms of potash. These resources include almost 190 million mt in the United States, 9.63 billion mt in Canada, approximately 430 million mt in Western Europe (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), 1.24 billion mt in the Middle East (Israel and Jordan) and over 220 million mt in other countries (Brazil, Chile, and the Congo). This analysis his determined that future production of potash in MEC?s will most likely continue to be from the large resources associated with producing operations in Canada. Based solely on the demonstrated resources included in this study, potash mining in the United States would decline while overseas production from MEC's can continue into the next century at near current production levels. However, timely development of new or inferred resources would offset any such decline. Producing mines in Canada have the resources to increase and maintain increased production well into the next century. For U.S. potash users, Canada is a long-term stable and secure source.

Jan 1, 1986

By Margaret Anne Stephenson

Today, in Australia, it is increasingly common to see agreements between Indigenous peoples and resource companies being achieved generally as Indigenous Land Use Agreements or agreements pursuant to the ?right to negotiation? process under the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth). Despite progress in this area, resource development on Indigenous lands is not without its challenges for both the resource proponents and the Indigenous parties. History demonstrates that resource development on Indigenous lands has produced struggles between the traditional owners of the land and the resource proponents. In Australia their relationship is generally defined by issues of access to land and assuring continued access to the land for the life of the project. In this context, divisions in Indigenous communities often emerge. The proposed resource project can have the effect of polarising members of an Indigenous community. It may be regarded by some traditional land owners as an advantageous opportunity for the community and by others as a hazard to country and culture. The process of agreement making has proved not only a test for the Indigenous community but also for the resource proponent. In this paper we undertake a contemporary case study of a proposed Australian resource related-development project on Indigenous lands. This project involved a multi-billion gas hub precinct proposed at James Price Point in the Kimberley region in Western Australia. The James Price Point proposal produced a litany of challenges for all parties. The traditional owners faced fundamental social and human rights issues, including a minority opposition to the project, the project's potential cultural heritage impact, the threat of compulsory acquisition of their native title interest by a State government due to an initial failure to settle an agreement, a fracture of their unsettled land claim and a minority rejection of the agreement ultimately reached. Additionally, the ?green? lobby also rejected the proposed gas hub on environmental grounds bringing the green lobby into direct conflict with both the traditional owners in favour of the project and the resource proponent. Ultimately, Woodside announced its decision not to proceed with the proposed gas precinct at James Price Point, in April 2013. In this paper we analyse the complexity of the James Price Point gas hub negotiations with the traditional owners which resulted in an Agreement that promised to deliver substantial benefits for the Indigenous communities. We question why such a favourable and beneficial agreement for the Indigenous community also produced the plethora of challenges and concerns and we consider how future negotiation processes could be better structured to avoid the difficulties that have confronted Indigenous land owners and resource proponents alike.

Aug 1, 2013

This project, "Analysis of Men, Materials and Supplies Handling Systems in Underground Metal and Nonmetal Mines" documents the productivity and safety aspects of the existing equipment and systems utilized in transporting personnel and supplies from the surface to the underground production work place. The Present Systems Study (this text -Volume II) documents the productivity and safety of existing men and material movement systems for six representative underground metal and nonmetal mines. Identification of common problem areas was performed using recognized industrial engineering techniques. The back-up data for the industrial engineering analysis of each mine is included as respective appendices (Volume III). A summary of the study background material, six mines' problem areas, comparison of problem areas, problem analysis, and solution recommendations are included as the project final report (Volume I), bound under separate cover.

Jan 1, 1975

By Artur Augusto Martins

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o projeto de uma plataforma de cloud computing onde profissionais de diversos segmentos da metrologia, calibração, instrumentação e controle poderão cooperar entre si no desenvolvimento de metodologias de medição, análise numérica e automação. A plataforma permite o modelamento matemático e o estudo analítico e/ou numérico de processos utilizando recursos disponíveis de cloud computing e a apresentação dos resultados e geração de relatórios através de uma interface web. Através do desenvolvimento cooperativo de novos procedimentos para análise de dados, modelos de instrumentos e melhorias operacionais do sistema pretende-se que o mesmo aproxime-se cada vez mais de um LIMS totalmente funcional e que tenha maior aderência à norma ISO/IEC 17025.

Jul 30, 2018

By H. P. Greenwald

"INTRODUCTION In the course of its studies of the explosibility of various coal dusts in the Experimental coal mine, the Bureau of Mines has tested coals representing the entire range of volatile content found in the United States. In connection with their work the Bureau's field engineers some¬times meet operating officials who are not impressed by the fact that there is an explosion hazard in mines working low—volatile coals. Actually the difference in explosion hazard between high—volatile and low—volatile coals is one of degree and not of kind. The purpose of this paper is to set forth briefly the experimental evidence that has been accumulated on the explosibility of coal dusts containing 8 to 31 percent volatile matter on a dry, mineral—matter—free basis.There have been numerous dust explosions in mines in which coals were worked that have compositions within this range. Those explosions are listed in an appendix, together with a bibliography of Bureau of Mines papers describing explosion tests in the Experimental coal mine."

Jan 1, 1940

By N. G. W. Cook

La fragmentación de rocas es un proceso importante dentro de las operaciones mineras -en tanto no solo se emplea en el proceso de exacavación, sino en el beneficio de las operaciones mismas. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala los diferentes métodos de fragmentación, según los esfuerzos que producen en las rocas y el modo resultante de fractura tales como: fuerza inclinada localizada en una cara de la roca, los esfuerzos de compresión paralelos a la cara libre, las fuerzas al interior de la cavidad y la compresión sobre una roca fragmentada. Así también se muestra la diferencia entre el método de fragmentación primaria y la secundaria. La primera se emplea para la excavación y la segunda, para su beneficio.

Jan 1, 1972

By Riggin P. R.

"IntroductionIndustrial Relations combines two very important relationships - employee relations and union relations.Employee relations always come into play when people are hired to perform tasks. Because mineral processing plants cannot be operated successfully without people, at least not yet, if they ever will be, employee relations must exist in an operatingplant.If the employees choose to be represented by a union, then a relationship with the union as an institution also comes into play. It is very important to note that unionization does not mean that the employee relationship is replaced by a relationship with the union. The latter is superimposed on the former, but it does not replace it. Similarities and overlaps in the two relationships will be present, some of which are of fundamental importance. Nevertheless, they are two different relationships and the reader should bear this in mind when reviewing those parts of this chapter which discuss unionization, collective bargaining, collective agreements, and work stoppages.These two important relationships, which we have chosen to combine and call industrial relations, have crucial roles to play in the social system which interrelates people performing the necessary tasks involved in the operation and maintenance of a plant. The technological organization - equipment, process layout and so forth - and this social system are interdependent and complementary. This chapter attempts to show that the potential level of effectiveness of both the technological organization and the social system depends on the recognition and nurturing of this nexus between them.Occupational health and safety and training are subjects for another chapter. But, both of these have been critical and longstanding employee relations topics . They are destined to take on added importance in the future. As issues in collective bargaining, they are also attracting increasing attention in all union relations. It is hoped that the reader will not isolate from industrial relations those topics which are being dealt with in another chapter. They are very much a part of it and we cannot refrain from making some reference to them."

Jan 1, 1989

By Valois R. Shea-Albin

Ground control problems are an important factor affecting safety, production, and efficiency in underground coal mines. A major portion of ground control problems encountered in underground coal mines can be attributed to geologic features in the strata surrounding the extracted coal seam. The U.S. Bureau of Mines has compiled information from numerous sources on the geological features that contribute to ground control problems in underground coal mines. The compilation includes (1) sedimentary features such as paleochannels, crevasse splays, clastic dikes, mold-and-cast structures, concretions, and lithologic factors, and (2) structural features such as folds, fractures, joints, cleat, and faults. The compiled information will aid in identifying the features, predicting their occurrence in advance of mining, and controlling or minimizing roof failure when these features are encountered in an underground coal mine.

Jan 1, 1993

By J. F. McCoy

As mining develops into deeper and hotter regions, the safety and health of miners require that the workspace be cooled. Toward this end, this program has successfully developed a high performance, low maintenance spray cooler of 5000 cfm nominal capacity. Further, a series of four 25,000 cfm, nominal capacity, spray coolers has been built and mine tested with satisfactory results. The smaller coolers have been patented and become commercialized with 50 units currently in service. The concept has been developed independently overseas with an unknown number of units in operation.

Jan 1, 1984

By Lyon F. Terry

SPEED-UP of production of crude oil and its products, accompanied by rising prices and the organization of the industry on a war basis, featured the economic aspects of petroleum in 1941. Early in the year American tankers were urgently requested by the British to replace losses and offset slower transit under convoy. Some forty American owned tankers were first assigned to Britain and an additional forty-odd ships were transferred during the summer. This threatened to reduce our transportation facilities from Gulf ports to the Eastern seaboard below requirements, especially should sinkings have increased and the British needed more ships. Co-ordinator Ickes began preparations for restricting gasoline consumption in the Eastern district and plans were formulated for the construction of an emergency trunk pipe line from Texas to New York and Philadelphia refining centers, and for a gigantic tanker-building program. Sales of new oil-heating units in the East practically ceased. The companies were urged to transport as much oil as possible by tank car and by October 140,000 barrels of oil per day were reaching the East Coast district by rail, sufficient to meet 8 per cent of total requirements. But British sinkings from July through October decreased 63 per cent compared with the four months ended June 30, Britain began the return of tankers, the construction plans were dropped, and the threatened shortage was thus averted.

Jan 1, 1942

By VERITAS

THE most concentrated industry of major character in the United States is that of the Ford Motor CO., which is to say Henry Ford. Its sole function is to supply the public with a cheap motor car which it does to the extent of two million or so per annum. In doing this, a relatively small profit per unit is multi- plied to an enormous aggregate per annum and has resulted in the creation of one of the greatest industrial fortunes of the world. The industrial and sociological consequences of .this are bound to be immense. On the physical side the production of two million automobiles means the consumption of two or three million tons of materials, chiefly metals, in the 'direct form of the finished product', and a huge additional tonnage of coal and other things that ,are consumed en route, and also the labor of many thousands of men. In the development of a business on this scale it was but natural that the Ford Motor ,Co. should seek to supply itself with the raw 'materials it needs, and they being so largely coal and metals the company is brought into close contact with the mining and metallurgical industries. It is a huge consumer of - steel. It is the fourth largest consumer of copper. It is a large consumer of lead, tin, aluminum and zinc. The mining and metallurgical industries have, therefore, good reason to learn to know Henry Ford, his personality, his thoughts and his policies.

Jan 1, 1924

By Alfred Saulniers

El presente texto describe los cuatro mitos sobre las empresas públicas en Latinoamérica. El primer mito refiere al concepto de empresa como algo definido, donde hay una sola definición"correcta" del término puesto que se usaron diferentes enfoques (administrativo y jurídico) y por ende, se crean problemas en la evaluación del comportamiento de empresas públicas. El segundo mito señala que la empresa pública en Latinoamérica es un fenómeno post- depresión -en tanto es el resultado de la depresión de la segunda guerra mundial y estas se limitaron a generar una infraestructura mínima de apoyo a explotadores de la riqueza agrícola de la región. El tercer mito muestra que las empresas públicas son parásitos paraestatales, cuya función primordial es engullir subsidios de las aarcas públicas. El error estriba en el concepto errado del término subsidio y donde se aplica a una situación de dependencia perpetua impueta a la empresa. El último mito señala que las empresas públicas son inferiores a las empresas privadas debido a la clasificación por la naturaleza de su propiedad.

Jan 1, 1986