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By E. Bakhtavar

All parameters influencing the decision for selection of a suitable extraction method were first selected as the base of this study. Then these parameters were categorized in two main groups. The first group of the parameters includes ?geomechanical and inherent characteristics of the dimension stones? such as hardness, RQD, compressive strength, joints plane orientation and spacing, and water content. The second group was named ?technical and economical parameters associated with the investor?s objectives? like for example extraction capacity (production rate), blocks recovery, mechanization, capital investment and operational costs. Finally, the influences of all mentioned parameters on the selection of the most applicable extraction methods have been assessed and discussed.

Jan 1, 2012

By E. P. Youngman

At the time of the preparation of the monograph upon the mining legisla- tion of Newfoundland, by the Imperial Institute of London, the existing local statutory law (as distinct from case laws and the applicable English acts) con- sisted of the following legislation: 1. Chapter 129 of the consolidated statutes, entitled "Of Crown Lands, Timber, Mines and Minerals," as amended by the Crown lands act, 1928. 2. Chapters 131 and 132 of the consolidated statutes (acts relating to mines regulation and rewards for discovery of minerals, respectively). 3. Crown lands act, 1918, as amended by the crown lands (amendment) act, 1921. 4. The Labrador Act, 1927. 5. The Crown royalties act, 1927. 6. Crown lands act, 1928, together with rules and regulations issued thereunder.

Oct 1, 1932

By Dean R. Gehring

Creating projects to reach a goal is not new to American industry. In fact, all major construction projects, from skyscrapers to bridges, are completed using similar project management techniques. However, modern project management is relatively new. It was not formalized until 1962, when NASA and the US Department of Defense recognized the need to develop uniform project management procedures throughout the aerospace industry (Moder, Phillips and Davis, 1983). This management method was not introduced to the mining industry until the early 1970s (Britton, 1983). Project management typically follows an organized, four-stage process —definition, planning, implementation and control.

Jan 1, 1996

By R. V. Higgins, G. B. Shea

"FOREWORDIn the second year of World War II, the petroleum industry in California was taxed to near capacity to satisfy the expanded war demand for petroleum products, particularly fuel oil. With discoveries of crude oil in California declining and known reserves being depleted rapidly, conditions appeared to warrant study of the possibilities of utilizing the outcropping bituminous sandstone deposits in California for obtaining new sources of oil if the war should he prolonged. At conferences in Washington, D. C., with members of the Petroleum Administration for War and the Geological Survey, Bureau of Mines engineers emphasized the importance of determining the extent of those outcropping deposits of oil-impregnated rocks and of developing a practical process for commercial recovery of the contained bitumen to assure, if necessary, a supplementary supply of fuels. The desirability of such a study was recognized, and in July 1943 the Petroleum Field Office of the Bureau of Mines at San Francisco, Calif., in cooperation with the Geological Survey and the Petroleum Administration for War, initiated a study of the bituminouss sandstone problem. It was agreed that all mapping and geological work in connection with the study would be done by the Geological Survey, all engineering studies in developing a process for extracting the oil would be carried out, by the Bureau of Mines, and that the Petroleum Administration for War would aid in final adoption of the results in the field if circumstances warranted such action.Deposits of bituminous sandstones in California occur principally in the immediate region of the Coast Range mountains, notably at Pt. Arena, in Mendocino County, about 110 miles north of San Francisco; near Santa Cruz, in Santa Cruz County; in the Edna area in San Luis Obispo County; in the Sisquoc area in Santa Barbara County; and in the Ojai and Santa Clara Valleys in Ventura County. 4/ In addition oil-bearing sands outcrop near McKittrick and Maricopa, in western Kern County, and along the east edge of the Kern River oil field. Among the several prominent deposits of these source materials, those occurring near the cities of Santa Cruz and San Luis Obispo, and the town of Sisquoc are the largess."

Oct 1, 1948

By H. W. C. Prommel

While Utah remains an unimportant factor in oil production, exploratory drilling was carried on in six widely separated areas, extending from the southwest to the northeast corner of the state. One new gas field, the Last Chance or Starvation Creek anticline in Emery County, and two new gas horizons in the Clay Basin field of Daggett County, were thereby discovered during 1934. Exploratory Drilling South Central Utah Emery County—Last Chance Anticline.—The test of the Ramsey Petroleum Corporation in sec. 18, T.26S., R.7E., on the apex of this anticline (vert. closure 700 ft.; area within closing contour line, as mapped by U.S. Geological Survey, 26,000 acres) encountered gas in the Moenkopi formation of lower Triassic age at depths ranging from 2530 to 2863 ft. The total thickness of sandstone, sandy shale and -limestone beds in which gas was encountered is approximately 50 ft. The well was tested at a depth of 2755 ft., gaging 21,000,000 cu. ft. of gas, R.P. 410 lb. The well is being plugged back to the lowest gas horizon at 2771 ft. from a total depth of 3168 ft. Gas from this well probably will be used for the drilling of a second well structurally lower, to test the oil possibilities of the Moenkopi formation as well as of the upper and lower Pennsylvania formations, of which the latter so far remains untested in South Central Utah. The well was not drilled deep enough to determine more definitely the western margin of the petroliferous Paradox Basin of lower Pennsyl-vanian age of southeastern Utah. Woodside Anticline.—This field, lying immediately northeast of the San Rafael swell, contains, according to maps of the U.S. Geological Survey, 8380 acres within its lowest closing contour line 700 ft. below the apex. A well was drilled by Utah Oil Refining Co. at the apex in sec. 12, T.l9S., R.l3E., during 1924. Gas was encountered in the Moenkopi and Kaibab formations of Triassic and Carboniferous (Permian) age respectively. The flow is estimated at 21,000,000 cu. ft., R.P. 900 lb.,

Jan 1, 1935

By Albert Ruiz

The 2,250-MW, coal-fired Navajo Generating Station located in Page, AZ draws water from Lake Powell using submersible pumps installed in five inclined shafts. Drought threatens to lower the reservoir to below the existing intakes. A system of new steel-lined intake shafts located on the same site was required for uninterrupted plant operation. The small size of the site, and the need to keep the existing system in operation, required detailed designs and placed significant limitations on construction equipment and activities. The Navajo Sandstone that forms the near vertical shoreline of the reservoir is 98 percent very fine grained quartz, highly abrasive and contains highly fractured intervals that presented numerous challenges to drilling the new 152-m (500-ft) deep, 109-cm (43-in.) diameter intake shafts inclined 23° to 26° from vertical. Spatial constraints, submersible pump design and operational criteria required that each shaft have a unique inclination and orientation and hit a small breakout target located 76 m (250 ft) under water. Sophisticated drilling equipment and techniques as well as state of the practice downhole survey technology and methods were used to make adjustments and maintain drilling accuracy with less than 1 percent deviation. Environmental requirements mandated water as the drilling fluid and grout was not allowed in to the lake under any circumstances. The shafts were videotaped and the breakout locations were examined using an underwater remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to verify shaft locations and rock conditions, and to guide placement of pneumatic packers to ensure grout did not transmit to the lake during the steel liner installation. In anticipation of the invasion of quagga mussels, the shaft design included an allowance for a chemical dosing system and a copper-rich alloy at the exposed portions of the steel liner.

Jan 1, 2011

By R. V. Higgins

"INTRODUCTION When nations throughout the world are pitted against each other in a war in which petroleum plays a major role, scientist and engineers of the petroleum industry must give serious thought to ways and means for recover¬ing greater percentages of oil from natural reservoirs than in the past. Petroleum and its products are vital to highly mechanized modern warfare, and the victorious nations will be those whose armies, navies, and air forces are supplied with adequate fuel oil, gasoline, and lubricants until the war is won.Efficient recovery of oil from underground reservoirs depends on many interrelated techniques; evaluation of the producing performance of wells upon the basis of their productivity indexes is one such tool. Oil wells usually yield oil at a maximum rate when first ""brought in"". The rate of production begins to decline soon after the first oil is delivered to the tanks, and although part of the decline usually can be attributed to natural reduction of reservoir pressure as oil and as are withdrawn from the reservoir, a larger proportion frequently is caused by greater saturation of water and as in the producing formation about wells and clogging of the pores of the sands by silt, organic salt, and insoluble hydrocarbons. If the maximum quantity of oil is to be recovered from reservoir sands and rocks by wells, it is then imperative that the ability of wells to produce oil be watched closely and all adverse influences that affect the case with which oil can flow to wells be corrected if possible."

Sep 1, 1942

Miners and mineral explorers are concerned at the increasingly hostile environment being generated towards their industry and their profession. There is little official or public recognition that the mining industry is essential for the maintenance of the country's standard of living; a large part of this hostile feeling is caused by the assumption that mining destroys large tracts of our attractive countryside. This paper presents a historic review of the impact on the countryside of the major land using groups commencing with the Polynesian migration. European farming practices, subsequent expansion of the urban dweller and the land management practices of the two Government Departments, Lands and Survey and New Zealand Forest Service who between them control half of the total land area, are discussed. Estimates of total land area to date, directly and indirectly affected by mining have been calculated and a broad estimate of 18 000 ha or 1/1500 of total land area is indicated; current annual mineral production requires some 240 ha. These gross areas take no account of subsequent land rehabilitation, its improvement upon the original in some cases and the recreational, historic and aesthetic areas gained. Comparisons are then drawn with some current land practices in New Zealand.

Jan 1, 1977

By R Thomson

The use of uranium metal in non-ferrous metallurgical practice is dis-cussed with reference to its alloying behaviour and chemical activity. It is suggested that the more promising applications are in the treatment of molten metals to combine with impurities. Mines Branch work along these lines is described for copper, zinc, magnesium, aluminum and nickel alloys. It is shown that a cop-per-uranium master alloy (25 per cent U) successfully deoxidizes molten copper without detriment to the electrical or mechanical properties of the product at residual uranium levels of up to 0.8 wt. per cent. Additions of uranium to alpha brass in amounts greater than the lead impurity content were found to remove the deleterious effect of lead on hot-workability. Similar deoxidizing and malleableizing effects were found with uranium additions to nickel. It is thought that uranium forms stable intermetallic compounds with many impurity elements. A significant malleableizing effect can therefore be expected in the presence of other elements besides lead.

Jan 1, 1963

By Arthur D. FitzGerald

EDC established an Environmental Review Framework in 1999. Throughout the early fall of 2001, the Corporation held public consultations across Canada to strengthen that framework, leading to a public release on November 15, 2001 of a report summarising the results of these consultations. Following this, the Corporation implemented strengthened environmental review requirements in the form of its Environmental Review Directive, in compliance with legislated amendments to Canada?s Export Development Act that went into effect on December 21, 2001. Over the past few years, there has been a global trend towards an increase in the social and environmental requirements of multilateral/bilateral financial institutions and export credit agencies. More recently, this activity has focussed on capturing institutions that have not yet adopted similar requirements and, more specifically, on developing a convergence of the requirements from institution to institution. This paper describes EDC?s new ERD and some of the initiatives that have taken place or are in process that are moving international financial institutions toward converging their environmental and social requirements for projects in the private sector.

May 1, 2002

This summary of State laws on explosives was compiled primarily to ascertain what subjects relating to their control have been acted upon by each State legislature and, in general, how they have been treated. It does not include any legislation passed after 1942, or any proclamations, regulations, or administrative orders. It does not purport or attempt to be authoritative. If any problem arises involving interpretation of the statutes of any particular State, the original source must be consulted for the exact words used by the legislature. This summary, however, will be useful in determining whether relevant statutes exist and in locating them quickly, with a minimum of effort. It will be of value also in comparing statutes in one State with similar statutes in other States to determine what construction has been placed upon them by the courts of those jurisdictions or to contrast the varying provisions of many States upon a single subject. To make these comparisons easier, the statutory provisions for each State have been grouped under several major topics in outline form. Although

Jan 1, 1943

By Jacque Trottier, Marcel Vallée, Gratien Gélinas

"Mineral exploration in Canada traditionally has gone from boom to bust in cyclical pat-terns following market and discovery cycles, but other endemic factors related to exploration financing and performance have contributed to the amplitude and recurrence of these fluctuations. In view of these problems, junior exploration is reviewed here in a marketing perspective, looking at the 4 Ps: Product, Price, Placement and Promotion.In the 1980s, MEDA incentives gave the shares of junior and mining companies significant price and promotion advantages, and contributed to excessive exploration funding. Many were thus led to minimize the basic values needed for continued investor interest: appropriate levels of product quality, sustained share value and customer satisfaction. Basic changes are needed to improve the marketing of junior mineral exploration in the future, with or without improved fiscal incentives. To be successful, the required improvements must come from the technical participants, but the financial partners also need to be involved.Exploration in Canada must be marketed with vigour, both in Canada and internationally. Exploration, mine development and mine production are essential to our economy. They are environmentally acceptable and they are welcome in Quebec and in most Canadian provinces and territories. Canadian exploration and mining are entrepreneurial industries that must take better advantage of their strengths and achievements and remove the shortcomings that hinder them: nobody can do it for them!"

Jan 1, 1996

By Syed M. Tariq, Paul N. Worsey

Presplitting is a now a universally accepted perimeter control technique in rock excavation. The success of presplitting and the smoothness and integrity of the resulting perimeter is largely dependent on the nature of joints in any given formation. Many facets of jointing have been previously investigated. The results of the effects of joints frequency and spatial positioning were presented by the authors at the ISEE annual meeting last year. This paper includes the results of further research into the mechanism of presplit blasting being carried out at the Rock Mechanics and Explosives Research Center of the University of Missouri- Rolla.

Jan 1, 1996

In 2006, a total of 2,113 coal mining operations reported employment to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA).1 Coal mines comprised 14.2% of all mining operations. ? Bituminous mines comprised 92.5% (n=1,955) and anthracite mines 7.5% (n=158) of coal mining operations. ? Approximately 71.0% of all coal mines were located in three states: Kentucky (29.2%), West Virginia (21.8%), and Pennsylvania (20.3%).

Jan 1, 2008

By R. Owen

The vision-based approach to process control involving fine particles in harsh on-line environments is discussed in this paper. The sensor equipment at the process location, consisting of a light source and a CCD camera provides RS-170 B&W video output. The video can be seen on a process monitor in the control room and is sent to a computer based Vision Processor. The Vision Processor contains a video digitizer and Canty developed software that extracts process information. The iron mine application controls thickener agent feed rate and thus settling pond overflow clarity. The sensor is mounted in the overflow flume of the outdoor settling pond and is used year around in the Minnesota weather. Alternate control system needs a low flow water sample which is subject to freezing in winter. The computer based vision processor provides 4-20 mA analog outputs for real time control as well as file archive for a history record.

Jan 1, 2001

By Yucheng H, Baogui Y, Wenyong L

High-water rapid-solidifying material, called 'high-water material', is a new material developed by the authors over many years. The material can solidify nine times its volume of water into solid. The material is a fine kind of binder with special properties. The solidifying body of high-water material with water has quite a high early strength. The compressive strength of the material within three days can reach the same strength as conventional Portland in 28 days. One ton of the material can replace three tons of conventional Portland cement as binder. Some important achievements have been made in application of high-water material. In metal mines, based on the material, a new full-tailing cemented backfill technology has been developed. The characteristic of the new technology is that high-water material is used as binder and full tailing or alluvial sand is used as backfill aggregate. Because of the application of the new technology, major technical problems in backfill technology such as classifying of tailing, dewatering, transportation of pulp, low strength of hackfill body. environmental contamination and so on, have been solved.

Jan 1, 1998

By Claudio Ballota

Los sistemas de gestión empresarial son importantes -en tanto las estrategias de negocios acompañadas del apoyo de sistemas de información, permiten planificar, ejecutar y controlar el desempeño empresarial. Por ello, la integración de la información en una empresa a través de reportes gerenciales y herramientas de análisis, son fundamentales para cualquier ejecutivo que quiera desempeñarse exitosamente en el mercado moderno. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala la eficiencia del outsourcing de sistemas integrados en la administración de las empresas como un proyecto tecnológico de negocios que está dirigido a todos los empleados de la empresa que interactúan con sistemas para realizar sus tareas operativas diarias y para los gerentes que buscan información para tomar mejores decisiones.

Jul 17, 2000

By K. T. Menzies

This report documents laboratory and in-mine analyses of diesel exhaust pollutants carried out to assess the fate of potentially reactive species in the mine environment. Specifically, the concentration of stable compounds including carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and potentially reactive compounds including nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, aldehydes, formaldehyde, acrolein, formic acid, odorants, particulates, soluble sulfates, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were determined. The concentration and mass emission rates of these compounds were measured in the laboratory under three engine speed and load conditions and with three exhaust control conditions, i.e., none, catalyst, water conditioner. Once calibrated, the engine was installed in the Bureau of Mines Safety Research Coal Mine and the concentration of exhaust pollutants measured at several distances downstream (inby) of the engine. Laboratory results confirm the relatively small effect of exhaust control devices on most pollutants under engine conditions of low speed and load. At higher engine speed and load, the catalyst is more effective in controlling many pollutants. The in-mine data indicates that during residence times, which are typical for miner/exhaust contact, most diesel exhaust pollutants do not decrease in concentration. The obvious exceptions are nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and formaldehyde. The concentration of these pollutants is reduced by up to 75 percent in five minutes. The lack of increase in levels of obvious reaction products indicates that surface loss may be a major sink for these pollutants.

Jan 1, 1980

Automation Defined ?Using self-operating equipment to reduce human exposure to the mining environment and routine or repetitive work.?-Atlas Copco Terminology: ?Manual Operation ?A vehicle being operated by a person ?in the cab?. ?Radio Remote Control (RRC) ?A vehicle being physically operated by a person through a Line Of Sight (LOS) or Video-Remote equipment. ?Tele-Remote Control ?A vehicle being physically operated by a person at an operator station which is not necessarily located near the vehicle?s working area. ?Autonomous Operation ?A vehicle under self control with the possibility of human supervision and override.

Oct 1, 2010

By M. A. Stoakes, H. D. S. Miller

Surface subsidence is becoming an increasingly important factor in the economics of mining Louisiana salt domes due to, amongst others, excessive shaft deformations and land loss to encroaching sea water. The vast majority of subsidence studies have been undertaken on bedded, tabular deposits. It is important to understand the causes of subsidence due to mining domal salt and how it can be minimized. The paper will review the major differences between subsidence caused by domal and tabular evaporite mines, the problems encountered in predicting subsidence, the factors that influence subsidence and, finally, possible alternative mining methods.

Jan 1, 1986