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By AIME AIME

. COUNCIL.* PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. D. W. BRUNTON DENVER, COLO. (Term expires February, 1911.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. W. C. RALSTON SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. W. L. SAUNDERS : NEW YORK, N. Y. H. V. WINCHELL ST. PAUL, MINN. (Term expires February, 1911.) BENJAMIN B. LAWRENCE NEW YORK, N. Y. JOSEPH W. RICHARDS SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PA. ALBERT SAUVEUR CAMBRIDGE, MASS. (Term expires February, 1912.)

Apr 1, 1910

By AIME AIME

COUNCIL PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. D. W. BRUNTON DENVER, COLO. (Term expires February, 1911.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. W. C. RALSTON SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. W. L. SAUNDERS NEW YORK, N. Y. H. V. WINCHELL ST. PAUL, MINN. (Term expires February, 1911.) BENJAMIN B. LAWRENCE NEW YORK, N. Y. JOSEPH W. RICHARDS SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PA. ALBERT SAUVEUR CAMBRIDGE, MASS. (Term expires February, 1912.)

Mar 1, 1910

By AIME AIME

Council.* PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. ROBERT W. HUNT CHICAGO, ILL. (Term expires February, 1907.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. WILLIAM P. BLAKE TUCSON, ARIZ. THOMAS F. COLE DULUTH, MINN. IRVING A. STEARNS WILKES-BARRE, PA. (Term expires February, 1907.) HENRY AL HOWE NEW YORK, N. Y. J. B. GRANT DENVER, COLO. JAMES D. HAGUE NEW YORK, N. Y. (Term expires February, 1909.)

Jan 1, 1907

By AIME AIME

COUNCIL.* PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. D. W. BRUNTON DENVER, COLO. (Term expires February, 1910.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. J. PARKE CHANNING NEW YORK, N. Y. FREDERICK W. DENTON PAINESDALE, MICH. JOHN B. FARISH DENVER, COLO. (Term expires February, 1910.) W. C. RALSTON..: SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. W. L. SAUNDERS NEW YORK, N. Y. H. V. WINCHELL ST. PAUL, MINN. (Term expires February, 1911.)

Jun 1, 1909

By AIME AIME

EUGENE AUSTIN STEPHENSON, better and affectionately known as "Steve," has long been an active and enthusiastic member of the Petroleum Division of the Institute. As its Secretary-Treasurer for several years, he was the spark plug that so successfully carried the Division over the trying period of the early thirties. "Steve" was born at Franklin, Mich., July 27, 1883; graduated from Adrian College in 1905, and later received his Doctor's degree from the University of Chicago where he was an instructor for two years. From 1917 to 1925 he was chief geologist for the South Penn Oil Co. and from 1925 to 1930 he was associated with Ralph Davis, Inc., of Pittsburgh, consulting engineers. In 1930 the Missouri School of Mines called him to Rolla to head a department of petroleum and natural gas engineering. and in 1938 he was invited to build up a similar department at the University of Kansas.

Jan 1, 1941

By AIME AIME

Council.* PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. JOHN HAYS HAMMOND* New York, N. Y. (Term expires February, 1909.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. SAMUEL B. CHRISTY BERKELEY, CAL. JOHN A. CHURCH NEW YORK, N. Y. PERSIFOR FRAZER PHILADELPHIA, PA. (Term expires February, 1909.) J. PARKE CHANNING NEW YORK, N. Y. FREDERICK 1V. DENTON PAINESDALE, MICH. JOHN B. FARISH DENVER, COLO. (Term expires February, 1910.)

Mar 1, 1908

By AIME AIME

COUNCIL.* PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. D. W. BRUNTON DENVER, COLO. (Term expires February, 1910.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. J. PARKE CHANNING NEW YORK, N. Y. FREDERICK W. DENTON PAINESDALE, MICH. JOHN B. FARISH DENVER, COLO. (Term expires February, 1910.) W. C. RALSTON SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. W. L. SAUNDERS NEW YORK, N. Y. H. V. WINCHELL ST. PAUL, MINN. (Term expires February, 1911.)

Mar 1, 1909

By AIME AIME

Council.* PRESIDENT O. THE COUNCIL. JOHN HAYS HAMMOND NEW YORK, N. Y. (Term expires February, 1909.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. SAMUEL B. CHRISTY BERKELEY, CAL. JOHN A. CHURCH NEW YORK, N. Y. PEPSIFOR FRAZER PHILADELPHIA, PA. (Term expires February, 1909.) J. PARKE CHANNING NEW YORK, N. Y. FREDERICK W. DENTON PAINESDALE, INCH. JOHN B. FARISH DENVER, COLO. (Term expires February, 1910.)

Jan 5, 1908

By AIME AIME

Council.* PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. ROBERT W. HUNT CHICAGO, ILL. (Term expires February, 1907.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. WILLIAM P. BLAKE TUCSON, ARIZ. THOMAS F. COLE DULUTH, MINN. IRVING A. STEARNS WILKES-BARRE, PA. (Term expires February, 1907.) HENRY AL HOWE NEW YORK, N. Y. J. B. GRANT DENVER, COLO. JAMES D. HAGUE NEW YORK, N. Y. (Term expires February, 1909.)

Nov 1, 1906

N/A

Jan 1, 1945

The resignation of Herbert Hoover, Director General of Relief in Europe, from his post as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Food Administration Grain Corporation, in which capacity he had served for nearly two years; and the reorganization of the corporation under the name of the United States Grain Corporation, with Julius Barnes, United States Wheat Director, as its new head, took place at the annual meeting of the stockholders, held in New York, July 1. This action on the hart of Mr. Hoover is believed to be one of the first steps in his intended withdrawal from public service upon the conclusion of the war service of the various departments of the Food Administration, or as soon as they shall have been absorbed by other agencies. The Grain Corporation has been, for the past two years, a vast collection and distribution agency. Its function has been to assist in supplying to the Allies and the American Army and Navy large quantities of wheat, wheat flout, and other foods, with very little disturbance of American prices, and with such an even control of American distribution that reserves from one crop to another have been brought down to the lowest possible compass and without the dvelopment of actual scarcity anywhere in the United States. In the year just past, it carried on all the buying and the shipping for, the Belgian Relief Commission, until the commission retired on May 1 and the Belgian Government itself undertook its own overseas supplies. During the twenty-two months of its existence the corporation had disbursed $3,500,000,000 and collected an equal amount, selling for over-seas shipments commodities valued at $1,800,000,000, at an operating expense of about $3,250,000, or one-sixth of 1 per cent. During this time it has not lost a single dollar through fire loss.

Jan 8, 1919

By Walter Kauenhowen

Germany's crude oil production during 1935 totaled 3,007,711 bbl., an increase of 36.6 per cent over the 2,202,214 bbl. produced in 1934. The Nienhagen-Haenigsen field furnished 77 per cent of the total 1935 production. Cumulative production figures for Germany's two most important oil fields, Wietze and Nienhagen, show that during the period from 1872 to the close of 1935 the Wietze field produced 13,325,536 bbl. and the Nienhagen field 9,340,870 bbl. Table 1 gives statistics of German production since 1928, arranged both by fields and by oil provinces. Fig. 1 demonstrates the production of the various German fields since 1890. New Fields Discovered During 1935 five new fields came into production. The first of these, the Moelme-Hoheneggelsen field near Hanover, was opened up in April. This region has been sporadically drilled for oil since 1882, but not until 1935 was production on a commercial scale obtained. The oil comes from Mesozoic sandstones on the flanks of a shallow salt plug. Also during April, oil was found in commercial quantities in the Rhine valley at Forst, near Bruchsal. Tertiary and Mesozoic sandstones cut by faults of the Rhine Graben form the reservoir structures in this area. In July a wildcat well drilled on the Fallstein structure, a broad Triassic anticline near Halberstadt, came in as a producer from Permian (Zechstein) dolomite. In September commercial oil mas found at Gifhorn, near Braunschweig, in Wealden sandstones associated with a shallow, geophysically discovered salt plug. During the same month production was obtained at Heide, in Holstein, from the Permian Rotlie-gendes formation, in a structural high on which oil seepages have been known for years. Drilling Activities Published information indicates that during 1935 drilling totaled 574,000 ft., as compared with 436,000 ft. in 1934; 233,000 ft. in 1933 and 151,000 ft. in 1932. The German Government is subsidizing wildcat

Jan 1, 1936

By Arthur C. Simmons

The Pennsylvania-grade oil industry suffered a serious decline in 1938, which can be largely accounted for by the decrease in the use of lubricating oil. Production was considerably lower than in previous years and prices were very much lower. Operating profits undoubtedly were lower than the year 1933, for the average price of Bradford crude in 1938 was $1.898 as compared with $1.86 in 1933, and the difference in average price of $0.04 per barrel was more than offset by increased operating costs and taxes. Bradford Field Production in the Bradford field in the state of Pennsylvania averaged 36,759 bbl. per day in 1938 as compared with 41,300 bbl. in 1937. The decline in average daily production of 4541 bbl. can be attributed to low market price and pipe-line proration rather than to the actual physical capacity of the field. Pipe-line proration was in effect for the last eight months of the year and the daily average production per month fluctuated between a maximum of 41,852 bbl. per day in March 1938 and a minimum of 33,649 bbl. per day in November. Production figures for Bradford field have been corrected to include only the parts of the Bradford field that arc within the state of Pennsylvania, but the well-completion data for the Bradford field cannot be segregated and include those of the entire Bradford field, part of which is in Sew York state. Production from the Bradford field was obtained almost wholly by water-flooding and no radically new methods or practices occurred. Intensive research work was carried on both by individuals and companies and as a cpooperative enterprise, and minor improvements are gradually occurring in spacing, shooting, application of pressure and water conditions. Drilling Central and Southen Pennsylvania.—Pennsylvania production in central and southern Pennsylvania was obtained largely by air and gas repressuring together with the usual amount of natural production, and the repressuring operations in other than the Bradford field have not

Jan 1, 1939

I. N. KNAPP, Ardmore, Pa. (written discussion*).-The possibility of storing natural gas in the sands f exhausted gas pools might be, in many cases, a, good engineering proposition, but it cannot be considered a practical business proposition tinder the usual competitive leasing and operating conditions that exist in the natural-gas business. Under the usual conditions of diversified land ownership and leasing with all lack of cooperation, various operators drill into the same pool or reservoir and drain out the gas under each other's land. To attempt to use for storage purposes the depleted sands f any one pool having such various competing ownerships would be highly impractical, considered from operating and business standpoints, unless there was cooperation with the interests owning adjacent wells and leases or the purchase f the same. Also, it would be very difficult to find out whether all old or abandoned wells in any pool had been properly, plugged and thus prevent the waste of gas brought from a distance for storage. Another objection to Mr. Panyity's proposition is the probability that no lease made in the past contemplated the use of a gas sand for storage purposes. Very likely, then, the operator would have a lawsuit on his hands for the unlawful use of a lease if he attempted the storage f such gas without first obtaining additional lease rights. In some instances salt water could not be pumped from a gas well in the customary way of pumping oil wells on account of the deposition of salt in the pump valves or in the working barrel or tubing. Very ingenious compressed air jets have been devised and arranged with suitable piping to blow out such salt-water accumulations. In many pools it would be impracticable to drill a water pocket below a gas sand, as suggested, since such deeper drilling would probably. intensify water troubles.

Jan 5, 1919

TWENTY-FOUR of the 28 local sections and the two divisions of the Institute were represented at the meeting. Three sections failed to appoint delegates and two of those appointed failed to attend the delegates' meeting proper. Four sessions were held, two on Monday and two shorter adjourned ses-sions on Tuesday and Wednesday. Even at the end many things remained to be said and, in view of the amount of time the delegates lost from technical ses-sions the feeling was general that next year it would be advisable to hold their meeting the day before or day after the general meeting. Every part of the country was represented from Boston to Los Angeles and Seattle to Washington. All phases of Institute work and policy were taken up in the most informal way and the delegates will carry back to the sections, as they brought to headquarters, many ideas that will prove useful and stimulating. The time was divided between reports by the delegates on section activities and reports by officers of the In-stitute and of the various joint activities on the work at headquarters : A. D. Flinn told of the work of Engi-neering Foundation; W. V. Brown discussed the Em-ployment Service; J. A. Sohon explained what the Library is doing; T. T. Read told how the sections could help MINING AND METALLURGY ; H. Foster Bain discussed Institute affairs in general and asked and answered questions. An interesting new feature of the meeting was the appearance by request of Directors Turner and Smith of the U. S. Bureau of Mines and U. S. Geological Survey to answer inquiries as to the needs and work of their Bureaus. So much attention had been paid this year by the western sections to the diminished funds made available at Washington for research on mining problems that many questions came up. The accom-panying figures epitomize the answers.

Jan 3, 1928

By Walter Kauenhowen

Germany's crude oil production during 1935 totaled 3,007,711 bbl., an increase of 36.6 per cent over the 2,202,214 bbl. produced in 1934. The Nienhagen-Haenigsen field furnished 77 per cent of the total 1935 production. Cumulative production figures for Germany's two most important oil fields, Wietze and Nienhagen, show that during the period from 1872 to the close of 1935 the Wietze field produced 13,325,536 bbl. and the Nienhagen field 9,340,870 bbl. Table 1 gives statistics of German production since 1928, arranged both by fields and by oil provinces. Fig. 1 demonstrates the production of the various German fields since 1890. New Fields Discovered During 1935 five new fields came into production. The first of these, the Moelme-Hoheneggelsen field near Hanover, was opened up in April. This region has been sporadically drilled for oil since 1882, but not until 1935 was production on a commercial scale obtained. The oil comes from Mesozoic sandstones on the flanks of a shallow salt plug. Also during April, oil was found in commercial quantities in the Rhine valley at Forst, near Bruchsal. Tertiary and Mesozoic sandstones cut by faults of the Rhine Graben form the reservoir structures in this area. In July a wildcat well drilled on the Fallstein structure, a broad Triassic anticline near Halberstadt, came in as a producer from Permian (Zechstein) dolomite. In September commercial oil mas found at Gifhorn, near Braunschweig, in Wealden sandstones associated with a shallow, geophysically discovered salt plug. During the same month production was obtained at Heide, in Holstein, from the Permian Rotlie-gendes formation, in a structural high on which oil seepages have been known for years. Drilling Activities Published information indicates that during 1935 drilling totaled 574,000 ft., as compared with 436,000 ft. in 1934; 233,000 ft. in 1933 and 151,000 ft. in 1932. The German Government is subsidizing wildcat

Jan 1, 1936

By Arthur C. Simmons

The Pennsylvania-grade oil industry suffered a serious decline in 1938, which can be largely accounted for by the decrease in the use of lubricating oil. Production was considerably lower than in previous years and prices were very much lower. Operating profits undoubtedly were lower than the year 1933, for the average price of Bradford crude in 1938 was $1.898 as compared with $1.86 in 1933, and the difference in average price of $0.04 per barrel was more than offset by increased operating costs and taxes. Bradford Field Production in the Bradford field in the state of Pennsylvania averaged 36,759 bbl. per day in 1938 as compared with 41,300 bbl. in 1937. The decline in average daily production of 4541 bbl. can be attributed to low market price and pipe-line proration rather than to the actual physical capacity of the field. Pipe-line proration was in effect for the last eight months of the year and the daily average production per month fluctuated between a maximum of 41,852 bbl. per day in March 1938 and a minimum of 33,649 bbl. per day in November. Production figures for Bradford field have been corrected to include only the parts of the Bradford field that arc within the state of Pennsylvania, but the well-completion data for the Bradford field cannot be segregated and include those of the entire Bradford field, part of which is in Sew York state. Production from the Bradford field was obtained almost wholly by water-flooding and no radically new methods or practices occurred. Intensive research work was carried on both by individuals and companies and as a cpooperative enterprise, and minor improvements are gradually occurring in spacing, shooting, application of pressure and water conditions. Drilling Central and Southen Pennsylvania.—Pennsylvania production in central and southern Pennsylvania was obtained largely by air and gas repressuring together with the usual amount of natural production, and the repressuring operations in other than the Bradford field have not

Jan 1, 1939

By P. P. Goudkoff

UNDER the name of the Russian Far East we understand the territory occupied by the Amur, Maritime, Sakhalin and Kamchatka Provinces, the total area of which is about 918,000 square miles. The mining industry took its first step in the Russian Far East in the second half of the 19th century, and until the end of this century was restricted to gold placer mining. In the last years of the 19th century, the extraction of coal and lignite was begun, and in 1910-11 the exploitation of silver-lead-zinc mines. The conditions of the Far Eastern mining industry during the last few years may be outlined by the following figures. Annual production of gold mines was about 54,000 lb., valued at $13,000,000. During the period of 1910-15 a considerable increase of placer-gold mining by mechanical processes took place; in 1910, by means of dredging and excavators, 500 lb.. of gold were obtained; in 1914, 2740 pounds. Annual output of coal; lignite and. silver-lead-zinc ores was: 1911 1920 Bituminous and semi-anthracite coal, long tons 270,000 316,000 Lignite, long tons 66,000 205,000 Silver-lead-zinc ores, long tons 28,400 94,500 In other branches of mining in the Far East, only the quarrying of building stone and clay may be men-tioned, the total yearly output amounting to about $500,000 in value. The principal gold mines are in the Amur Province, in the systems of the Zeia and Bureia rivers, and in Kamchatka Province, near the town of Okhotsk. The above-mentioned tonnage of coal and lignite was extracted from the mines in the Maritime Province, near Vladivostok. The only silver-lead-zinc mine worked was that of Tetiukhe, near the Tetiukhe Bay, 240 miles northeast of Vladivostok. The ores of this mine were exported to Germany, Belgium, and Japan, partly raw, partly calcined.

Jan 6, 1922

On Dec. 8, 1916, at a meeting held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the John Fritz Medal was presented to Professor Elihu, Thomson, "for his achievements in electrical invention, in electrical engineering, in industrial development and,in scientific research." Professor Albert Sauveur presided. John J. Carty, chairman of the Presentation Committee of the Board of Award, made a short address-on the history and significance of the medal. He was followed by E. W. Rice, Jr., president of the General Electric Co., who spoke at length of the achievements of Dr. Thomson, whom he called "one of the world's most prolific and industrious inventors and scientists." Among other things, he said: "In the, field of electrical inventions alone, Professor Thomson has been awarded something over 550 United States patents, and in other fields; notably mechanical work, about 150 patent.,. he has made contributions to the world's scientific, and technical literature, in several hundred articles describing not only his own dis-coveries and inventions but making remarkably interesting contributions to scientific speculation and thought. "A skilled workman, he is always able himself to do the work which he asks others to perform. "His inventions are the result of such profound and accurate knowledge,. and developed with such skill, that they almost invariably work on the first, trial in accordance with expectation." Dr. Richard C. Maclaurin, President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, spoke of the personality of the man as well as of his accomplishments, as follows: "He has not only clone great things himself, but has shown ,in intense desire to help all who are struggling earnestly with scientific problems. He has proved an inspiration to an ever-widening circle of engineers and others who have entrusted him with their secrets and sought his help in overcoming their difficulties. They have done this knowing. that they had only to ask in order to get the full benefit of his

Jan 2, 1917

By Richard Moldenke

AmonG the things that will always remain to the credit of the foundry-industry is the circumstance that nearly all the research-work of practical value in daily routine was done by active foundrymen, and the results were freely given by them to the world. Moreover, while consumers felt that to them was due a more systematic and exact method of work, the foundry-men again were the first to act in the establishment of specifications under which their product should be sold. To come to more recent times, the American Foundrymen's Association has not only made an elaborate series of tests on cast-iron, and adopted tentative specifications based upon them, but, in addition, it has urged the International Association for Testing Materials, through its American representatives, to make the testing and specification of cast-iron a distinct issue. The half-hearted support first granted was greatly augmented by the rapidly-growing recognition accorded to the enormous iron-casting industry; and when the president of the American Society for Testing Materials was instructed to ask for a special commission for this purpose, Europe was ready to cooperate. During the Buda-Pesth congress, at, which America was represented by Prof. Howe, Mr. Wood and myself, it was decided to add five members to the general committee on steel and iron, whose special duty should be to conserve the interests of the cast-iron branch of the industry. America took up the work at once, and enlarged its committee to 67 members, all of whom were actively concerned in the manufacture or study of cast-iron in all of its branches. At the organization-meeting in Philadelphia, April 25, 1903, Mr. Walter Wood was elected chairman, and myself secretary; and, within a week thereafter, the sub-committees were appointed and became active at once. The scope of the work was naturally limited to those branches of the iron-casting in-

Jan 1, 1905