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This manual provides instructions for installing, operating, and maintaining a protective canopy on the Joy Mfg. Co. loader. These instructions are based upon two actual install .at ions: one made in a mine on loader, model 14BU10-11AH, and one in the factory on model 14BU10- 11AH. The parts list and engineering drawings for the protective canopy are included at the end of the manual. And a discussion of some alternative design concepts is also included. The manual can also be used for retrofitting other loaders with similar protective canopies. Skilled mechanics can determine if the instructions herein would be applicable to the other loaders and can determine any necessary modifications if they are not.

Jan 1, 1973

By H. C. Ko

Calorimetric determinations of low-temperature heat capacities and standard enthalpy of formation were made by the Federal Bureau of Mines for basic aluminum sulfite, A1203?2.0S02?5.3H20. The standard values of entropy (S°), enthalpy of formation (?Hf°), and calculated Gibbs energy of formation (?Gf°) at 298.15 K are 85.2±0.1 cal/deg-mole, -943.1±1.2 kcal/mole, and -820.7±1.2 kcal/mole, respectively.

Jan 1, 1976

This report describes the activities and publications of the Bureau of Mines Health and Safety Research and Testing Center, Pittsburgh, Pa., for the fiscal years 1960-65. It includes a discussion or work being conducted on roof control, dust explosions, ventilation, health, coal mine fire control, and electrical-mechanical testing, and an abstract of each paper published during the report period.

Jan 1, 1966

By Murray Greyson

A number of tests were made with various methanation catalysts in fixed-bed, conventional fluidized-bed, and multiple-feed, fluidized-bed equipment to develop catalysts and processes for methanation of synthesis gas. The results show: 1. Methanation reactions may be carried out in 1-inch, bench-scale equipment at high synthesis-gas throughputs with good temperature control of the reactions if a multiple-feed type of fluidized-bed design is used. 2. Nickel is superior to iron as a catalyst for the methanation of synthesis gas, unless the process is considered in terms of a combined operation that produces both gaseous and liquid products. 3. Techniques of catalyst preparation determine, to a large extent, the process life of nickel catalysts, and these techniques must be thoroughly investigated before any conclusions can be reached. 4. Enough data are available to indicate that the sulfur concentrations in synthesis gas that is used for methanation are extremely critical, and maximum process limits should be carefully evaluated.

Jan 1, 1955

By Jeffrey Y. Foley

In 1980, the Bureau of Mines investigated the northern Darby Mountains on the Seward Peninsula, AK, for radioactive mineral deposits. Uranium is concentrated in silicified shear zones in biotite quartz monzonite of the Darby pluton. The shear zones are best exposed in steep, narrow, avalanche gullies; they are characterized by radiometric anomalies and by uranium and thorium geochemical anomalies. Radiometric and geochemical anomalies are also found over altered biotite quartz monzonite where there are no visible shear zones. The radiometric and uranium anomalies are often spatially, but apparently not genetically, associated with alkaline mafic and felsic dikes. Similar geochemical and radiometric anomalies over discolored altered zones and geochemical anomalies in sediments downstream from the altered zones indicate that additional areas may also be favorable targets for uranium deposits. Analyses of panned, heavy mineral concentrates show no significant concentrations of uranium or thorium in resistant heavy minerals. This indicates that radioactive elements in the Darby pluton are concentrated in soluble, nonresistant minerals that may constitute a recoverable uranium resource.

Jan 1, 1986

By W. A. Young

Bull Lake is one of several saline lakes situated a few miles north of Rawlins, Carbon County, Wyo. (figs. and 2).. The Bureau of Mines conducted preliminary investigations of sodium sulfate deposits in many of the lakes and performed detailed work on Bull Lake. This investigation consisted of drilling 11 vertical holes through salt beds using diamond core bits and Iwan-type auger bits. Bull Lake lies in a shallow, closed depression in loosely consolidated sand. The salt beds, ranging in thickness from 2.5 to 26 feet, occur above a thick bed of shale of upper Cretaceous age. The salts appear to have been deposited in the lake from surface and subsurface drainage. The source of salt is undoubtedly the enclosing sedimentary rock's exposed to the west of the basin. Sodium sulfate in the deposits probably is present as mirabilite or Glauber salt (Na2SO4-10H2O). Chief impurities in the deposits arc mud and sand. Other soluble salts present average approximately 1 percent combined. Cores from the 11 holes were analyzed in the Bureau of Mines laboratories at Salt Lake City. Drilling totaled 512 feet. Results of analyses are given in the appendix.

Jan 1, 1951

By G. L. Oldright

The data presented in this paper were collected et the smelter of the Consolidated Mining A Smelting Co. of Canada, Limited, Trail (Tadanac), British Columbia, through the courtesy of S. G. Blaylock, vice president and general manager; James Buchanan, smelter superintendent, George Murray, assistant smelter superintendent; and the staff members listed in Paper XI, Report of Investigations 3243. INTRODUCTION This paper is the twelfth of a series on smelting in the lead blast furnace and the fifth4 dealing with blast-furnace gases.

Jan 1, 1934

By G. L. Oldright

This paper is the twelfth of a series on smelting in the lead blast furnace and the fifth dealing with blast-furnace gases. It was noted in Report of Investigations 2957 that the gases evolved from the top of the lead blast furnace at Tooele were similar in composition to those from the top of an iron blast furnace. It was noted in Report of Investigations 3095 that at Kellogg, where a smaller percentage of coke on charge and shorter stock column were employed, the gases evolved were much less reducing. At times there was a considerable amount of oxygen in the top gases at the second plant. More SO2 was also evolved from sulphides in the charge. Then operations were conducted as at Kellogg, the gases were alternately reducing and oxidizing. This paper deals with the gases evolved in smelting a charge containing more zinc than at either of the other two plants with about the same amount of coke as was used at Kellogg,: To compare other factors influencing the composition of the gases, it may be noted that at Tooele the approximate height of the charge column was 15 feet, at Kellogg 9 feet and at Trail 13 feet. The furnaces have about the -same cross-sectional area- tog. The furnaces at Tooele are about 6 inches wider at the tuyeres, being 54 inches wide against 48 for the other two plants. At Tooele and Kellogg the furnaces are fed at the top from bottom-dump cars. At Trail the charges are dumped from Decauville cars (bottom cars which dump when tilted), which run on tracks placed on both sides of the blast furnaces. The hoods through which the waste gases are conducted are directly above the shafts of the furnaces. The flues for removing the effluent gases lead off from under the charge floor at Tooele and Kellogg. (Charging and distribution of the feed in the furnace covered later in a rate paper of series.)

Jan 1, 1934

By John H. Soule

The Royal John mine was examined in November 1942 by a mining engineer of the Bureau of Mines, who proposed development of the Royal John and other properties in the area. Geologists of the U. S. Geological Survey studied the area in 1943 and 1944 and made definite recommendations. Also, in 1943 the Peru Miring Co. mapped the Royal John and did considerable diamond drilling. The Bureau of Mines started the Royal John portion of a project pertaining to the general district in April 1944. This project was completed in Juno 1945. The work, consisting of diamond drilling, was supervised by Robert O. Hill, mining engineer, and the results were published in Report of investigations 3904, Exploration of Grey Eagle, Grandview and Royal John Claims, Grant County, N. WIC. In 1947 and 1948 the Royal John was re-examined by a Bureau engineer, and additional development to increase the reserves of low-grade lead-zinc ore was proposed. This project was started in August 1948 and completed in Juno 1949.

Jan 1, 1950

Commodities statistics and other information are available through the following three systems: Internet Access: To acccess the USBM Gopher server on Internet, connect to: gopher.usbm.gov port 70, using gopher client software. Or contact the Systems Administrator for technical questions: Matt Klevemann, 412-892-6499 (klevemmc@miner.usbm.gov) These USBM materials are available on Internet, with more to come in the future: Publications and other research findings, including this bimonthly publications list, newsletters, tech transfer updates, enviromental technology research, health and safety information. USBM software products Media materials and speeches. Mines Data: Computer bulletin board. Log on via modem through 202/501-0373, or call 202/501-0406 for technical assistance. Mines FaxBack. Return fax service. 1. Use the touch-tone handset attached to your fax machine's telephone jack. (ISDN [digital] telephones cannot be used with fax machines.) 2. Dial 202/219-3644. 3. Listen to the menu options and punch in the number of your selection, using the touch-tone telephone. 4. After completing your selection, press the start button on your fax machine.

Jan 1, 1995

The panic bars (and associated linkages and electrical circuitry) that are defined in this document are a machine operator-actuated control for the emergency deenergization of the tram motors on self-propelled, electric and diesel face equipment: including haulage equipment such as shuttle cars. There are nine basic types of panic bars (and several variations) that arc recommended in this document, but all of the panic bars are characteristically of the "fire door" type that is frequently encountered on outside exit doors of many public and some commercial buildings. It is also the intent of the following panic bar designs that, when emergency brakes are added to the face equipment machinery for which they arc required, that they be designed and hooked up so that actuation of the panic bar will result in automatic application of the emergency brakes (immediately following the deenergization of the tram motors). The following panic bar design requirements are a restatement of the proposed requirements defined in the Federal Register, requirements cited in "Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Devices for Deenergization of Self-Propelled Electric Face Equipment/Automatic Emergency Brakes" by C. E. Lester and J. D. Greenhalgh of MESA, and Bendix recommendations that were formulated as a result of discussions with personnel al the various machine manufacturers and underground coal mines that we surveyed, discussions with G. L. Judy (our consultant), etc:

Jan 1, 1974

By E. P. Youngman

A new mining law for the Recublic of Polend was promulgated by presiden- tial decree dated November 29, 1930, published in the Journal of Lews (Dzienni stex) No. E, text 654, December E, 1530, and wes to become effective January 1, 1932, in all Polend except Silesie. Its adoption in Silesia wes dependent pon the action of the Silesian Diet. As the new law is considered an im- provement over the old Austrian Mining Lew, which is operative in the Silesian districts of Bielsk and Cieszyn, and the Prussian Kining Law, which is opera- tive in Upper Silesia, no delay in its adoption for Silesin was looked for. This new law codifies the various juridical regulations pertaining to ines existing in different parts of the Polish Republic but does not include legislation with respect to the extraction of minerel oil, especially crude oil. Petroleum legislation was postponed to a later date in order to facili- tate codification in other fields. Koreover, as the oil industry exists in Galicia elone, deley will not be detrimental.

May 1, 1932

By G. G. Morgis

A reasonably clear and broad definition of occupational disease as originated by the Supreme Court of Ohio is: "A disease contracted in the usual and ordinary course of events which from the common experience of humanity is known to be incident to a particular employment." An ailment does not become an occupational disease simply because it is contracted on the employer's premises. It must be one that is commonly regarded as natural to, inherent in, and concomitant of the work in question. The important distinction between accidental-traumatic injuries and occupational-disease injuries is that accidents occur at specific times, ordinarily are discovered readily, and usually leave no question as to the particular employer it whose development the accident occurred. On the other hand, occupational diseases may develop slowly, unknown to the employer and employee until disability occurs, and the injuries sustained are continuing disabilities over an extended period of time and may be incurred while the employee is working for one of several employers.

Jan 1, 1952

By John E. Kelley

The Bureau of Mines conducted a study to determine the feasibility of joining refractory metal compounds to each other and to oxide ceramics by a vacuum hot press-diffusion bonding method. Very satisfactory joins were made of ZrC to ZrB2, ZrN to ZrB2, ZrC to ZrN, and of ZrC, ZrN, and ZrB2 to Al203. Each of these join assemblies contained a mixture layer comprising 50 weight-percent each of the two end compounds. The mixture layer, sandwiched between each end compound, enhanced bonding and smoothed out the thermal expansion gradient between the two end members. Strength and thermal shock tests showed that the join areas of the ZrC, ZrN, and ZrB2 joins were stronger and more shock resistant than the parent materials. Also included in the joining tests was one each of TiC to TiB2, TiC to TiN, TiB2 to TIN, and TiC to ZrB2 joins. Each of these was well bonded, showing that the vacuum-hot-press method can be used for a variety of systems.

Jan 1, 1969

By A. C. Johnson

The T. L. shaft of the Eureka Corp., Ltd., near Adams Hill, Eureka, Nev., was sunk in 1954 and 1955 to permit exploration and development of the lead-zinc-silver ore that had been indicated by drilling. This paper describes the sinking of the 4-compartment, vertical shaft to a depth of 1,127 feet and includes pertinent details of equipment, methods, and costs. A shaft crew of 10 men, supplemented by 13 hoistmen, topmen, carpenter, and shop crewmen, sank and timbered the 1,127 feet of shaft in 630 workdays. Total labor per foot of shaft was 107.95 man-hours. Supplies per foot of shaft included 20 pounds of explosives, 1.61 pounds of drill steel, and 200 board-feet of timber. Power consumption, including that required for pumping, averaged 3,726 kw.-hr. per foot.

Jan 1, 1958

By A. E. Back

A method has been developed in the laboratory for successfully treating titaniferous magnetite ore from the deposit at Iron Mountain, Wyo. The ore is roasted with 15 percent sodium carbonate to convert the vanadium to a water-soluble form and fix the soda for the subsequent electric-smelting step. Approximately 90 percent of the vanadium is recoverable in a product assaying 80 percent V2O5. The leached calcine is briquetted and smelted in a graphite-lined electric-arc furnace. Substantially all of the titanium is recovered in a soda slag, assaying 60 percent TiO2 and 2 percent Fe, which can be upgraded to 75 to 80 percent TiO2 by leaching with dilute sulfuric acid. The upgraded slag could be utilized for the production of titanium dioxide pigments or titanium tetrachloride. About 90 percent of the iron is recovered as pig iron, containing only minor amounts of vanadium, titanium, and sulfur. The high TiO2 slag compares favorably with slag containing about 70 percent TiO2 being produced by the Quebec Iron & Titanium Corp. at Sorel, Quebec. The data obtained from this investigation indicate that a feasible process has been developed for treating Iron Mountain ore, and larger-scale testing is warranted to develop engineering data for the ultimate utilization of this deposit as a source of titanium, iron, and vanadium. There are adequate supplies of basic raw materials, electric power, water, sodium carbonate, coal, and petroleum products within fairly short distances of Cheyenne and Laramie, Wyo., the nearest cities and probable plant- and labor-supply points.

Jan 1, 1952

By Philip C. Tully

This Bureau of Mines report contains experimentally determined vapor-liquid equilibria data for a helium-nitrogen-methane mixture with a nominal composition of 15, 60, and 25 mole-percent, respectively. Measurements of the equilibrium phase compositions were obtained by means of a windowed cell, in conjunction with an automated chromatograph and a special analyzer for low helium concentrations. The data presented include a comprehensive table and eight graphs depicting phase compositions, vaporization ratios, and correlations with a previous study of two helium-nitrogen-methane mixtures of different compositions.

Jan 1, 1976

By W. W. Adams, T. D. Lawrence, D. R. White

"This paper presents the results of the eleventh yearly accident-prevention contest, the National Safety Competition of 1935, conducted by the United States Bureau of Mines. Participating in the competition were 336 mines and Quarries in 37 States. Five mining or quarrying companies, each the leader in its group for having established the best safety record during the year, were awarded the national safety trophies 'Sentinels of Safety.Since these annual contests were begun 11 years ago the scope of the competition has been broadened materially, both as to the number of plants participating and as to the number of man-hours of exposure to accident hazards. Moreover, marked progress in the pre¬vention of accidents has been achieved, as is indicated by an almost constant downward course in the accident-frequency rates for the contest group as a whole during the past 11 years. On the other hand, the accident-severity rates for the group showed an upward trend during the first part of the period and a downward trend during the latter part, except in 1930 and 1934, when two disastrous explosions occurred with heavy loss of life, and in 1935, when there was an increase in the number of fatalities although no major disasters occurred. The accident rate for 1935, both as to frequency and severity, was higher than for 1934.The National Safety Competition is conducted by the Bureau of Mines in the interest of safety in the mining and quarrying industries. This object is accomplished directly through the efforts of the competing companies and their employees to win first place in the competition and thereupon receive well-merited and national recognition for their achievement. Indirectly the purpose of the contest is accomplished through studies by the Bureau of Mines of the fasts contained in the accident reports which the competing companies furnish to enable the Bureau to compute the accident rates that are the basis for determining the winners of the contest.The statistics that constitute the basis for determining the winning companies and the relative standing of all companies are prepared uniformly without regard to the States in which the companies operate, or to differences in classes of accidents covered by State laws relating to compensation for injuries resulting from industrial accidents."

Jul 1, 1936

By P. C. Good

High-purity chromium was prepared in massive form by the electrolysis of chromium trioxide solution at high temperatures. The metal thus obtained, containing 50 to 150 p.p.m. of oxygen, 20 p.p.m. of nitrogen, and traces of metallic impurities, could be hot-worked to rod and sheet and drawn to wire ductile at room temperatures. Optimum concentrations and operating conditions were established for the deposition of chromium from chromic acid baths containing sulfate, fluoride, and silicofluoride ions. Current efficiencies of 13 percent were attained with baths containing sulfate ion, and efficiencies of 40 to 44 percent with baths containing fluoride and silicofluoride ions. Cation exchange resins were used for removing metallic impurities from chromic acid solutions containing sulfate ion; solutions containing fluoride and silicofluoride ions were purified by recrystallization.

Jan 1, 1960

By Michael S. Miller

In 1985 and 1986, at the request of the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Bureau of Mines studied the 17,000-acre Pyramid Peak planning area in order to evaluate its identified mineral resources. The planning area is located in Riverside County, CA, 15 miles south of Palm Springs. The planning area contains marginally economic resources of marble and mica, subeconomic resources of garnet and occurrences of gold and tungsten. The area is underlain by marble, quartzite, schist, migmatite, intrusive rock, and a wide zone of intensely sheared rock. Quaternary stream, landslide, talus, and colluvial material overlie the older rocks. Ten claims for marble in or overlapping the southwest and southeast parts of the planning area are current (1986). Many other current claims are outside the planning area, adjacent to or within 2 miles of the southwest and southeast corners. Hundreds of millions of tons of inferred, marginally economic marble in and near the planning area may be mined for cement or lime after other developed resources near markets are depleted or if large-scale construction or other markets develop nearby.

Jan 1, 1987