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By E. L. C. Martins, M. J. Nicol, D. Majuste, A. D. Souza

The effects of organic compounds on the current efficiency (CE), morphology, crystal structure and mechanical properties of the metal deposited during the electrowinning of zinc are described. A flotation collector and lubricating oil were selected based on observations made during the industrial production of zinc from silicate ores, in Brazil. The analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of these compounds, which may be present in minor amounts in the electrolyte solution, indicated the presence of a polar amine group in the collector, while the lubricating oil is a non-polar compound. The average CE value obtained from organic-free industrial solution was 91.15 ± 0.26 %. The CE dropped to 54.35 ± 0.73 % in the presence of 100 mg·L-1 of collector in the solution, and a negative effect was also observed in the presence of similar amounts of oil (88.84 ± 0.61 %). The characterization of the deposits by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of pores in deposits obtained from solutions containing the oil, while a different growth pattern (perpendicular zinc platelets) was identified when the flotation collector was added to the industrial solution. In the presence of these contaminants in the solution, guided-bend tests revealed that the deposits have a higher resistance to deformation, but lower ductility, properties that may affect the performance of the stripping stage. As a result of this work, simple control and optimization actions were applied in the industrial plant, which resulted in important improvements in the electrowinning process.

Jan 1, 2014

By Paul Guliov

Coal-bearing Tertiary sediments of the Ravenscrag Formation in southern Saskatchewan host numerous deposits of clinker resulting from in situ coal combustion. Clinker deposits form when sediments of relatively low temperature firing properties overlie coal seams which are undergoing prolonged spontaneous combustion. The resulting fired material is useful for decorative landscaping aggregate, rock gardens, driveways, mud control and others. Predicting the occurrence of clinker deposits requires a knowledge of the spatial distribution of coal seams and the nature ofoverlying sediments. Knowledge ofpaleotopography at the time of coal combustion can assist in locating more highly-fused material which can yield greater block sizes. Coal data bases can be used as a predictive tool by outlining areas where coal is or was at or near surface and therefore may have been susceptible to spontaneous combustion.

Jan 1, 2001

By J. Desrosiers

"Minnova Inc. has five operating divisions thoughout Canada. One of them is Lac Dufault which was established in 1964.Lac Dufault is located 15 km north of Rouyn-Noranda, in what is known as Noranda volcanic centre, in northwestern Quebec. For more than 25 years, Lac Dufault has produced copper, zinc, gold and silver from four different mines: Norbec, Millenbach, Corbet and now Ansil.Ansil, officially in production since July 1989, is one of the deepest mines presently in production in Quebec. This high-grade copper, gold, zinc and silver orebody is being mined at a rate of 1200 tonnes per day with a total workforce of 200 employees.Of particular interest are the high mechanization level of the underground mine, technical innovations also underground, and computer applications throughout the division.IntroductionMinnova Inc. was formerly known as Corporation Falconbridge Copper until 50% of its shares were bought by Kerr Addison Mines Ltd . in 1986 and it became a member of Noranda Group of Companies.Minnova stands for mining innovation. It means Minnovaaims to use state-of-the-art technologies in mining and exploration to achieve maximum efficiency and cost effectiveness. It also means that they aim to use both proven and innovative management principles to the optimum benefit of their employees and shareholders. Minnova has operations across Canada. Presently four mining divisions produce copper, zinc, gold, silver and lead. Two are situated in Quebec: Lac Dufault (established in 1964) and Lac Shortt (established in 1985); one in Ontario; Winston Lake (established in 1988); and one in British Columbia; Samatosum (established in 1989).Minnova has an annual exploration budget of $15 million divided 60/40 between base metals and precious metals. Most of Minnova's exploration efforts are concentrated around their existing mines. Exploration is carried out from six regional offices located at Rouyn-Noranda and Chapais in Quebec; Thunder Bay in Ontario, Vancouver in British Columbia, Reno, Nevada in the United State and Panama City Panama. Each of the Canadian offices maintains close liaison with nearby operations.Lac Dufault Division is located in the Noranda mining camp, approximately 15 km north of the city of Rouyn-Noranda, in northwestern Quebec (Fig . 1)."

Jan 1, 1991

By J. Ita, F. Malekzadeh

"Multi-scale simulation in coupled fluid flow- geomechanical systems is a computationally efficient method for numerically solving large poroelastic systems. When using multi-scale methods, care must be taken in ensuring consistency when information is exchanged between systems that have a different discretization. Here a method is presented which provides consistency between the pore pressure being calculated on a fine scale fluid flow domain and upscaled to the coarser scale geomechanical domain and the pore volume change being calculated on the coarse geomechanical domain and down-scaled to the fine fluid flow domain. Central to this process is the characterization of the mechanical properties of the poroelastic system at both scales.Another advantage of the method presented here is that it is applicable to hydraulically disconnected but laterally drained (i.e. multi-porosity) layered systems as well as hydraulically connected, layered systems. Thus it can be used in geological situations where thin shale streaks or hardpans impede flow between laterally extensive, hydraulically conductive units. This is significant as the pressure evolution of such a hydraulically disconnected, laterally drained system can be very different than a hydraulically connected one as shown here. INTRODUCTIONA multi-scale treatment of fluid flow and deformation is a key enabler when simulation of poroelastic phenomena is limited by computational resources. As the spatial domain of the geomechanics model is usually larger than the fluid flow model, it is desireable to use a coarser discretization in the geomechanical model compared to the fluid-flow model. This type of multi-scale simulation requires a consistent up-scaling of pore pressure from the fine scale fluid flow model to the coarse scale geomechanical model and down-scaling of pore volume change from the geomechanical model to the fluid flow model (see Figure 1)."

Jan 1, 2015

By K. Cybulski

Coal dust explosions still remain the main hazard in the coal mining sector, notwithstanding their relatively wide recognition compared to other hazards and the development of effective methods of prevention. Coal dust explosions are still the cause of numerous catastrophes, often leading to fatalities. Fortunately, they rarely occur, and it is for this reason that their hazardous impact is often underestimated. This problem in Poland is being exclusively solved by the Central Mining Institute, Experimental Mine Barbara. Here, basic research on the phenomenon of coal dust explosions and prevention methods is carried out, as well as investigations into the causes and circumstances of past accidents. After 15 years of no coal dust explosion accidents in Poland (1987?2002), a few coal dust explosions have recently occurred, with tragic consequences. These events have taken place not only in hard coal mines, where the presence of dangerous coal dust is the result of common production cycle, and safety measures against coal dust explosions are subject to specific regulations, but also in coal-fired power plants. This is of special concern because prior to 1987, such accidents had been been reported only for coal mines and not for coal-fired power plants. In recent years, two dust explosions occurred in Polish power facilities: the Dolna Odra and Turow power plants. In both cases, coal dust explosions occurred in the fuel supply system, but biomass dust was also involved. The explosions caused significant damage to the systems and buildings. This paper gives description and schematics of the regions of catastrophic coal dust explosions that have occurred in recent years in Poland, as well as the results of post-accident investigations, presenting the coal dust explosion hazard at the accident scene The results specify in detail the state of safety measures against coal dust explosions in light of the relevant regulations in force, including amount of deposited coal dust, content of incombustible matter in coal dust, free moisture content in coal dust, state of coal dust explosion safety zones, and state of explosion barriers. The conclusions from the site inspection and post-accident investigations presented enable us to determine locations of explosion initiation, probable ignition sources, range of explosion flames, and explosion barrier performance. A complete elimination of coal dust explosion hazard at the site of dust deposition is practically impossible to achieve. Similarly, a total elimination of ignition source, which may be related to the occurrence of other natural hazards, equipment malfunction or human errors, is impossible. The examples of tragic events that took place in Polish coal mines and coal-fired power plants highlight shortcomings and mistakes made in terms of assessment and prevention measures taken against the coal dust explosion hazard.

Aug 1, 2013

By D. A. Grieve

"Mineable coal seams in the East Kootenay region belong to the Mist Mountain Formation of the Jurassic -Cretaceous Kootenay Group. Three structurally separate coal fields (Crowsnest, Elk Valley and Flathead) are recognized, all of which are characterized by compressional tectonic features such as f aiding and thrust faulting, and by /ate-stage normal faulting. Tectonic history has greatly influenced coal mineability and quality. Coals range in rank from low to highvolatile bituminous, and reactive maceral content ranges from less than 60% to greater than 90%. A wide range of metallurgical and thermal coal qualities is found. Measured reserves (up to 1981) include 1.03 billion metric tonnes metallurgical and 165 million metric tonnes thermal coal. Introduction a) Location -Coal fields of the East Kootenays region occur in the Front Ranges of the Rocky Mountains, within 30 km of the Alberta -British Columbia boundary (Fig. 1). They extend over 175 km north from near the U.S. border, and occupy the regions of the Crowsnest Pass and Elk and Flathead River drainages. The deposits are accessible from Highway 3 (Fig. 1) and various secondary roads. The towns of Fernie, Sparwood, Elkford, Coleman and Blairmore serve the coal industry. East Kootenay coal deposits are contained in three structurally separate coal fields, the Crowsnest, Elk Valley, and Flathead coal fields (Fig. 1). Coal is currently being produced by B.C. Coal (now Westar Mining Ltd.) at Sparwood, by Fording Coal 20 km north of Elkford, by Crows Nest Resources at Line Creek 15 km southeast of Elkford, and by Byron Creek Collieries at Corbin. Westar Mining has also constructed a new mine on the Greenhills Range 8 km northeast of Elkford. Pre-requisite engineering and environmental studies have been carried out on the Elco Mining property, 35 km north of Elkford, and on the Sage Creek coal property near the U.S. border (Fig. 1). b) Coal land tenure -Coal rights in the East Kootenays are either held as freehold land, or are licensed from the provincial government. The former category includes lands acquired under the Railroad Act of 1890. Shortly after this the federal government also obtained 50,000 acres of coal-bearing lands from the Crown Provincial, the so-called Dominion Government Coal Blocks. Major holders of coal rights in the area are Westar Mining and Crows Nest Resources. Large blocks are also held by Fording Coal and related companies, Sage Creek Coal, and Canada Permanent Trust Company as trustee for Elco Mining, and small blocks are held by Byron Creek Collieries and Coleman Collieries. In addition the provincial government holds an area in reserve for possible future use of B.C. Hydro at the extreme north end of the Elk Valley coal field."

Jan 1, 1985

By C S. Walker

This paper analyzes the physical, operational and economic site conditions which were conducive to the design of a diesel-electric power plant wherein the over-all use of the thermal energy of the fuel exceeds 80 per cent. The heat energy supplied to the diesel engines is recovered in power generation, vapour phase cooling, waste heat boilers, air to exhaust gas heat exchangers and lubricating oil coolers. Electric boilers are also integrated into the plant design to enable the ratio of electric power output to heat recovery to be varied to suit the seasonal and daily variations. The criteria relative to thermal and electric power design requirements are discussed, and the design details of some parts of the plant which conform to these criteria are illustrated. Some data in regard to the actual operation of the plant over a short period are also included. Introduction THE Cantung mine (Canada Tungsten Mining Corporation) is located some 180 miles north-east of Watson Lake, Yukon Territory. It is situated on the upper reaches of the Flat river at an elevation of about 3,700 feet.

Jan 1, 1965

By W. E. Roscoe

The probability of making an exploration discovery in Canada can be calculated from Derry's (1970) data on exploration expenditures and number of discoveries over the last nineteen years. Considering an average exploration "try" to be $30,000, the probability of a discovery with one try has decreased tenfold from about 0.01 in 1951 to 0.001 in 1969. A plot of these probabilities can be extrapolated to the future, giving a 1969-71 three-year average probability of 0.00096 with 90 per cent confidence limits of 0.00042 and 0.00153. Using this probability, various calculations can be made, such as (1) the probability of making at least one discovery for any given exploration expenditure, (2) the probability of ultimate ruin or survival of the exploration investment process and (3) the expected value of an exploration investment. There is a critical minimum amount per discovery that must be re-invested in exploration, no matter how large the original investment is, for exploration to survive at all in the long run. Currently, this critical minimum is $31,200,000 with 90 per cent confidence limits of $19,600,000 and $71,400,000.

Jan 1, 1971

By Lachezar Tsotsorkov

Being a mining company, Assarel-Medet has a significant impact upon the environmental components. In order to meet the legal requirements and the requirements stipulated by the effective permits as well as to reduce the environmental imprint throughout the years, the policy of the company to implement a number of projects to improve the environmental components quality and the environmental state in the company?s region. The projects associated with atmospheric air quality management and reduction of the impact exercised by Assarel-Medet JSC by implementing various measures to eliminate the potential sources of the impact, preventive and rehabilitation initiatives as well as organizational and administrative activities are among the most important ones. A stable improvement of atmospheric air quality in the region and minimization of the company impact upon the ground air state in the region was observed in the period from 2005 to 2012 due to the applied measures. This project is a contribution to the environmental protection, in particular to atmospheric air protection, by applying integral monitoring and modeling methods to identify the negative impact by the mining companies and plan measures to reduce and restrict it as well as to improve the quality of the environment and living area of people working and living in the impact range as an element of sustainable development.

Aug 1, 2013

By Jun Wang, Bo Zhang, Wenqing Qin, Guanzhou Qiu, Xiaozhen Ma, Key Lab of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Fen Jiao, Central South University, Yansheng Zhang

"Arsenic contained in minerals sulphides such as enargite and tennantite can represent not only a significant penalty element in base metals production, but also a disadvantage to the environment through producing the toxic emissions to the atmosphere. The achieving separation of arsenic bearing minerals either at an early stage in floatation or from the floatation concentration is significantly beneficial to the economic. However, there was no feasible commercial method of separation at the flotation stage because of its similar flotation properties with many other copper sulphides. In this work, the selective floatation of enargite from copper sulphide concentrate containing maily covllite, chalcoctie, bornite and enargite was investigated. A low arsenic concentrate with As 0.2%, Cu 22% and a high arsenic bulk concentrate with As 7.65%,Cu 33.65% were obtained. It was indicated that Ca(ClO)2 is the effective depressor and the optimum floatation condition was obtained. Most enargite could be floated at pH 11 and controlling the pulp potential at 290 mV SHE. Furthermore, the arsenic removal from the high arsenic bulk concentrate by hydrometallurgy methods was study. The results showed that the reaction temperature and the concentrations of NaOH were the most important variables affecting the rate of arsenic removal. A low arsenic concentrate with As 0.24%, Cu 37.80% was obtained in the optimum leaching condition.INTRODUCTIONArsenic is mainly produced as a by-product of base metals smelting, in particular copper concentrate. China has imposed an upper limit of 0.50% arsenic for concentrates entering (Long et al., 2012). Arsenic amount of copper concentrate within 0.40% has also been imposed in China, and above which will be introduced about 50 RMB penalties per ton for each 0.10% increasing by smelters now. Therefore, it is necessary to remove arsenic from the copper concentrate.In copper concentrate, arsenic is mainly in the form of arsenopyrite (FeAsS), enargite (Cu3AsS4) or tennantite (Cu12As4S13). There are two types of arsenic in the separation of copper and arsenic: arsenopyrite and arsenic bearing copper mineral. It is easier to separate arsenopyrite from the copper sulphide by flotation in comparsion with the separation of enargite or tennantite from non-arsenic copper minerals (Pineda et al., 2015). The main difficulty in the separation of arsenic copper mineral from non-arsenic copper sulphides is their extremely similar floatability, which depends on the fact that tennantite and enargite contain high copper content (Pineda et al., 2015)."

Jan 1, 2016

By G. Scamans, J. Lazaro-Nebreda, Z. Fan, J. B. Patel

"Melt quality is crucial for both continuous and shape casting of light alloys and in order to improve it, removal of excessive inclusions, accumulated impurities and unwanted gases becomes necessary. To address this problem, a new multi-purpose high shear liquid metal treatment technology, based on intensive melt shearing by a rotor/stator unit, has been developed. The device ensures achieving uniform temperature and chemical composition and an efficient dispersion of gas and solid phases in the melt with minimal disturbance of melt surface, and can be used, among other things, for de-gassing and de-ironing of Al-alloy melts. Efficient degassing is achieved by dispersing each argon bubble into many small ones, which significantly increases the overall surface area of the bubbles and the time they remain in the melt capturing hydrogen before reaching the surface. This allows using much lower inert gas flow and mixing times than conventional rotary degassing. When applied to Al-alloy scrap, with accumulated iron, the high shear melt treatment speeds up the nucleation and growth of primary Fe-rich intermetallic particles, allowing a faster removal rate. Therefore it reduces processing times, increasing recycling productivity, and facilitates full metal circulation of secondary Al-alloys.INTRODUCTION Aluminium and magnesium alloys are widely considered in various industrial sectors for the purpose of weight saving (Polmear, 1995). In particular, they are used in the automotive sector, where components are mostly manufactured by high pressure die casting (HPDC) because of its simplicity and relatively low cost, but efficiency and mechanical properties are quite low compared with other processes. To date, the main focus to overcome this problem has been for improving the HPDC machinery (Dahle, 2001) but little attention has been paid to the opportunities of controlling the nature and quality of the molten metal supplied to the die. In this way, liquid metal treatment, which involves a variety of physical and/or chemical processing methods to improve melt quality prior casting, is crucial for both continuous and shape casting products."

Jan 1, 2018

By R. R. Rogers

Abstract The degree of cathodic protection of steel and the anode corrosion rate were determined when anodes and waters of different compositions were used at temperatures similar to those in domestic hot water tanks. Twenty different anode materials, sixteen of them magnesium-zinc-aluminium alloys, were immersed in six different synthetic waters resembling those to be found in various parts of Canada. The results showed that (1) both the degree of cathode protection and the average anode corrosion rate are affected materially by the composition of the anode material and of the water; (2) poor cathode protection is associated with low anode corrosion rate; (3) when the cathode is fully protected, the anode corrosion rate may be comparatively low or comparatively high, depending upon the composttion of the water; (4) an important relationship exists between the magnesium content of the preferred anode and the composition of the water; (5) the degree of protection is increased as the SO4 + Cl concentration of the water is increased and thus as its specific resistance is decreased. Introduction Fairly recently, the use of the active metal magnesium for the cathodic protection of less active metals has received a considerable amount of attention. This interest has been stimulated by the fact that the wartime demand for magnesium was greatly in excess of the present peacetime demand and there is a natural desire to continue operating the large magnesium plants which were built during the war. Information regarding the use of zinc and aluminium for this purpose also has been published. There is a great demand for domestic hot-water tanks which will resist corrosion satisfactorily. This problem is rather complex in view of the fact that the composition of the water used in such tanks varies greatly and depends upon the locality. The present investigation deals with the effect of water composition and anode composition on the cathodic protection of steel under conditions approaching those which exist in hot water tanks.

Jan 1, 1948

By G. S. Hume

THE discovery of natural gas with naphtha in 1924 in the Upper Palaeozoic limestone of Turner Valley, 35 miles southwest of Calgary, has led to continuous developments in this field. Drilling undertaken soon after this discovery demonstrated that the anticlinal structure was in reality a major drag-fold cut off on the east side by a westerly inclined fault of large displacement. The faulted edge of the .limestone at depth determines the eastern limits of the field, which between 1924 and 1936 was shown to have a gas area 14 miles long by about 1 mile wide. Since the strata dip westerly, away from the axis of the fold, drilling becomes progressively deeper to the west and, with the advent of deeper drilling, crude oil was discovered in 1936 on the west flank of the structure but in the same porous reservoir rocks as the gas on the crest and upper parts of the fold. Since 1936, drilling has been undertaken wholly for the production of crude-oil and at present two producing areas have been found within the Turner Valley structure. The larger of these, at the south end of the field, in the vicinity of Highwood river, has a length of about 4 3/4 miles and a proved width of one mile, whereas the smaller, in the north end of the field, south of the north fork of Sheep river, has only a few producing wells.

Jan 1, 1939

By A. G. Roach

Introduction This paper deals with the operations and plant of the Craigmont Corundum Project, formerly of Wartime Metals Corporation but now under the Mines Section of the Resources Development Branch of the Department of Reconstruction and Supply. Corundum is recovered by the re-treatment of an old tailing deposit at Craigmont, Ontario. Crude concentrates so produced are shipped to the plant of the American Abrasives Company, Inc., at Westfield, Mass., for final processing and distribution to the abrasive industry. The plant was recently described in a paper entitled Craigmont Corundum which was presented by the writer before the Chicago meeting of the A.I .M.E. in February, 1946. General The Project is located on? lots 4 and 5, concession XVIII, township of Raglan, Renfrew county, Ontario, near the village of Combermere, which is on Highway 62. The property is about 135 miles from Ottawa. The general area enjoys a pleasant climate with moderate summer temperatures, though the winters are rather severe, the mercury frequently falling to - 35 deg. F. The excellent boating, fishing, and hunting have made the district a favourite resort for tourists. Lumbering is the main industry. Some farming is carried on, but the soil is poor and much of the land is hilly and rocky. There are no other operating mines in the immediate vicinity, though several 'industrial minerals', including mica, feldspar, nepheline, beryl, socialite, and others have been produced in the area. The district is drained by the York and Madawaska rivers and is generously dotted with large and small lakes. The general elevation is about 1,000 feet above sea level, though numerous hills rising several hundred feet give a rolling appearance to the landscape.

Jan 1, 1946

By L. C. S. Dharmasiri, S. M. Shin, A. Senaputra, J. S. Sohn, K. H. Park, J. Avraamides

Reducing agents can be applied to leach metal values from natural and secondary resources such as laterite ores and deep sea manganese nodules and recycled materials such as spent batteries / catalysts which contain high-valent metal oxides of manganese, cobalt and iron. Selective leaching of some metals can be achieved by selecting conditions to control the saturated solubility and dissolution rates of metals from oxides or mixed metal/oxide matrices. The leaching results are rationalized on the basis of chemical species, Eh-pH diagrams and heterogeneous kinetic models. The role of reducing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide and iron(II) sulphate, in acid, alkali and in the presence of complexing ligands such as ammonia for the improvement of the leaching of metal oxides and metals is discussed. Previous studies on acid leaching of metals from nickel laterites, manganese nodules and spent catalysts/batteries in the absence or presence of reducing agents show that the rate controlling step involves the diffusion of protons through a thickening product layer on the particle being leached. It is shown that the leaching of nickel and cobalt from manganese nodules and zinc-carbon batteries in ammoniacal sulphur dioxide solutions also obey shrinking core kinetics.

Jan 1, 2014

By R. A. Crouse

The Tanco pegmatite at Bernie Lake, in the Lac du Bonnet mining district of southeastern Manitoba, is a unique deposit of Li, Rb, Cs and Ta, with substantial reserves of Be and several industrial minerals. This paper summarizes the present state of understanding the regional geology, structural setting, zoning, mineralogy and geochemistry of the pegmatite, and the mining and ore-processing methods used in its exploitation.

Jan 1, 1979

By Jack Craft

Local Environment Atmospheric conditions (or lack thereof) Drilling fluids are impractical Cuttings removal is a major concern Heat dissipation is a major concern Some tried-and-true mechanisms need air to function properly Gravity Low gravity means low downforce Microgravity means even less downforce Regolith Local dust may be highly abrasive Packaging for Spaceflight System mass is highly constrained The drill must fit within the spacecraft?s launch envelope Power is constrained

May 1, 2013

By K. Trapani

"The study undertaken aims to investigate an ice stope heating and cooling system for its potential to be implemented in sub-arctic mines, as a low carbon alternative to conventional natural gas and refrigeration chiller systems. Its performance was simulated for a years’ worth of data, taking into consideration hourly temperature data. Results showed that to supply the required heating and cooling loads, the ice stope system had to supplement its heating with natural heating. The techno-economic performance of this system was compared to that of a conventional heating and cooling system in a mine, with the ice stope thermal storage system hawing the lowest annuitized cost and significantly lower carbon emissions.INTRODUCTIONConventional heating and cooling, in a mine is implemented using natural gas heaters and chiller refrigeration systems respectively. This results in a significant portion of energy consumption in underground mines attributable to ventilation (De Souza, 2015), including the conditioning of the air to ensure that temperatures do not exceed work comfort standards (ACGIH, 2011). Especially at depth where heat could become a significant issue. An ice stope thermal storage, using ice as the storage medium is being proposed as an alternative to provide the heating and cooling—with the ice creation resulting in heating and the ice melting providing the cooling required. A techno-economic investigation of the two systems is undertaken to identify the capital and operating costs for the two systems, and to assess the ice stope’s potential to be considered a low cost and carbon solution for heating and cooling of mines in sub-arctic climates.NATURAL STORAGE SYSTEM – CONCEPT DEVELOPMENTThe concept for the natural storage system is developed from the ice stope at Frood-Stobie Mine, ON, Canada (Stachulak, 1991). The ice stope was developed for mine air heating, with the heating occurring by spraying warm return service water onto the cold intake air—resulting in the air temperature increasing and ice being created in the stope. In summer this ice was melted by passing warm air on top of it, resulting in slight cooling of the air but no significant temperature difference which could allow effective cooling. A schematic of the Frood-Stobie Mine ice stope is provided in Figure 1."

Jan 1, 2019

By W. G. Stevenson

With the author's background of extensive experience, this paper delineates the role of the prospector in modern-day exploration programs. The stages in the development of a prospect to a producing mineral district are outlined, and examples are given from the Ross River area of the Yukon Territory and the Peachland and Highland Valley areas of British Columbia.

Jan 1, 1970

By B. R. Johnston, K. D. Streeter

"ABSTRACTCoal Mountain Operations is the newest of Fording Coal’s operations although it is the oldest in terms of its historical production. In October, 1994, Fording purchased the former Corbin Creek/Byron Creek Mine. The mine is located in southeastern British Columbia, approximately 150 air kilometers from Calgary, Alberta. It was first developed in 1905 and has gone through a variety of owners in its 90-year history.This paper will deal with the remobilization strategy and the mining plans for the operation which are being implemented to make this operation competitive in the world export coal market. IntroductionIn October 1994, following a due diligence process, Fording Coal Limited purchased Coal Mountain Operations from Corbin Creek Resources, an employee group which had previously owned the mine. The purchase awarded Fording Coal Limited with 100% of the assets, and control of all the coal leases at Coal Mountain.The mine is located in southeastern British Columbia, southeast of Sparwood at the hamlet of Corbin, (Fig. 1).Rehiring of laid-off employees started in November 1994, with mining activities also recommencing in November. The coal preparation plant was restarted in December with one shift, went to two shifts in January 1995, and had four-shift, full-time operation in April 1996."

Jan 1, 1997