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NOMINATIONS FOR OFFICERS. In accordance with the Constitution, Article VII., the following nominations have been prepared by the Nominating Committee, submitted to the Board of Directors at its October meeting, and are hereby published for the information of the members. For Director and President: Benjamin B. Thayer, District 0 For Directors and Vice-Presidents: Herbert C. Hoover, District 6 W. L. Saunders, District 0 For Directors : Reginald W. Brock, District 11 Charles W. Merrill, District 6 Albert R. Ledoux, District 0 Henry L. Smyth, District 1 D. C. Jackling, District 7 The Constitution further provides that " Any complete or partial ticket of nominees signed by any twenty-five Members or Associates of the Institute and transmitted to the Secretary by December 15 shall also be printed and circulated with the official ticket and over the names and with the recommendations of the nominators, together with an expression of opinion of the Board thereon if deemed expedient.

Jan 11, 1913

By Harold F. Yde

Hydraulic tailing fill in the Butte deep-level mines resulted from studies made in 1958 by The Anaconda Co. Mining Research Department. At the time of the study, dry mine tailing was hauled via rail cars from the Anaconda tailing ponds, 25 miles distant, to the tailing fill plants of the underground mines at the Leonard, Anselmo and Mt. Con mines. Presently, tailing from the Weed concentrator in Butte is delivered to the Kelley shaft via pipeline and stope filling has become automated. Tailing at 30% solids is pumped 8000 ft horizontally and upward from the concentrator to the Kelley fill plant, where it is dewatered and deslimed by three Krebs cyclones. These discharge the material into the cased and grouted mine delivery boreholes at desired densities of up to 70% solids. The vertical boreholes and 4-in. rubber-lined Victaulic pipe carry the material downward to horizontal distribution lines, which in turn tap into the 3-in. stope-filling, unlined Victaulic pipelines.

Jan 1, 1970

HAVING described and taught you the method of assaying silver for gold in the preceding chapter, and therein having proceeded in the order and Drover wav followed in the working of quantities of gold and silver, I could have fled this task of describing to you the first part of parting. In truth, there is no other difference in the method of arriving at the end except in respect to certain precautions that must be taken against the dangers causing loss. In order that you may guard against these, I shall repeat the procedure completely, in addition to the second part of this art, which is the method of reducing the silver to its body.

Jan 1, 1942

By S. C. Fall

The basic aims of the drilling and blasting program at the Mission mine are fourfold: 1. To provide 100,000+ tpd of broken alluvium and rock material for shovel excavation; 2. To obtain fragmentation that will permit the most efficient digging of the broken material and provide an acceptable crusher feed; 3. To conduct the drilling and blasting program in accordance with approved safety procedures; 4. To obtain these objectives at the lowest possible cost. The material that is mined from the pit is divided into four different rock types and the overlying alluvium. Each of these materials is broken by using procedures tailored to its individual characteristics.

Jan 9, 1965

By Henry M. Howe

I NOW call your attention to two directions in which very important progress may be confidently hoped for—pyrometry and the heat-treatment of steel. We already find in the market more than one pyrometer which, in spite of serious defects, may lie used advantageously for determining and controlling the temperature of many of our metallurgical processes. It is to be hoped, and with much confidence, that by the rapid extension of the use of such instruments, the economy and efficiency of these processes may undergo an increase which, in the aggregate, will be of the greatest importance. In this connection, the lucid paper of Prof. Roberts-Austen," and the learned bulletin of Mr. Barus, are most welcome. But much remains to be done in the way of devising pyrometers suitable for manufacturing purposes. While some of the present pyrometers are most convenient and accurate in the laboratory, serious difficulties attend the use, in factories, of those which I have

Jan 1, 1895

By A. F. Beasley

FROM the initial Bunker Hill smelter operations in 1917, to March, 1930, only 50 per cent of the ore production of the Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining and Concentrating Co. was handled at this plant. Since the date last mentioned, the total mine production has been received. The old lead refinery was equipped with four 105-ton drossing kettles, three 110-ton softening furnaces, four 105-ton desilverizing kettles, three 100-ton refining furnaces, one 150-ton round refined lead-storage furnace, one 75-ton residue furnace and one hand-operated casting wheel. This equipment, with the exception of the residue furnace, could not adequately handle the increased tonnage in addition to the regular supply of custom ore. It became necessary either to install additional furnaces and kettles or to rebuild the entire plant, installing equipment of greater capacity.. The latter course was chosen, partly because of lack of space for additional equipment but mainly because of the more economical operation of larger units.

Jan 1, 1932

By P. Somasundaran, D. W. Fuerstenau

Adsorption isotherms for dodecyl sulfonate on alumina were determined at 45°C and 25°C and the data was used for calculating the partial molar heat and entropy of adsorbed ions under various concentrations. Changes in OH and AS observed at certain concentrations agree with the postulate of interaction of surfactant ions to form two-dimensional aggregates at the solid-liquid interface. Values of the total OH and AS for the aggregation process calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation is used to interpret the interactions of surfactant ions with each other as well as with the solvent molecules.

Jan 1, 1973

The fall meeting of the Coal Division t was held at Pittsburgh, Oct 21-22, with the William Penn Hotel as headquarters The registration totalled 168 Secretary Parsons, George Otis Smith and J T Breunich were the official representatives from Institute headquarters Eighteen papers were presented There were five sessions altogether Monday morning and afternoon were devoted to papers on miscellaneous subjects, on Thursday morning there were two sessions, one on combustion of coal, the other on miming subjects, and on Thursday afternoon the outstanding feature of the meeting occurred when the members of the Division met in the Cathedral of Learning, University of Pittsburgh, to hear the prize-winning papers read by J F Bottomley, of Harrisburg, I11 , and William Bellano, of Crested Butte, Colo All the students of the School of Mines at the University attended this session The informal

Jan 1, 1937

The materials used for pump construction vary according to the nature of the solution handled. The pump materials in use are the result of extended experiment and are all giving satisfactory results. Research is still in progress, particularly with stainless steel and rubber lining, both of which show considerable promise. Following are the materials used: For tank-room acid, carrying about 100 grams per liter free sulphuric acid, hard lead is used. Stainless steel is under investigation. Duriron is satisfactory, but requires very careful handling to prevent mechanical breakage. For pulps containing low acid (10 grams per liter), abrasive solids, ferric iron, copper, etc. pumps are made of hard lead. Stainless steel is satisfactory. For pulps containing no acid but carrying abrasive materials and copper, bronze is used. Pulps containing acid (10 grams per liter), copper, iron and nonabra-sive solids require lead pumps. Rubber linings are under investigation. Clear neutral solutions containing copper are handled in bronze pumps; neutral solutions free of copper, acid, abrasive material, etc., in iron or bronze. The hard lead used contains 13 per cent antimony. The stainless steel has the following analysis: Cr, 20.0 per cent; Ni, 7.0; C, 0.25; W, 4.0; Cu, 2.0.

Jan 1, 1937

By M. M. Fine

Normally the U. S. produces less than 10 pct of its annual manganese requirement. About 95 pct of domestic consumption is used by the steel industry.1 The strategic and critical nature of manganese has been recognized by its inclusion in the national stockpile and by intensified research directed toward cataloging and evaluating domestic manganiferous deposits. The USBM has participated in these activities for many years with field and laboratory studies to assess the extent and potential utilization of domestic manganese ores. One area of particular interest is in the vinicity of Batesville, Ark., where deposits have been mined since 1849 for both manganese and ferruginous manganese ores. Production is centered in Independence County, but deposits are also found in Sharp, Izard, and Stone counties in north- central Arkansas. Miser has described the geology and manganese mineralization in some detail.2,3 The rocks of the area are sedimentary, consisting of sandstone, limestone, shale, and chert. The two formations of greatest importance,4 Fernvale lime- stone and Cason shale, are host rocks of the primary manganese mineralization.

Jan 8, 1959

My bets are on you, every time! But who is right? In the "cobalt issue" of our favorite magazine, January 1951, you stated: "By far the best immediate United States prospect for, large amounts of cobalt is the Blackbird mine of the Calera Mining Co., which is operating for Howe Sound Co., in Leinhi County, Idaho." In the March 1 issue of Saturday Evening Post, Ernest F. Mechlin, Jr., chief cobalt section, National Production Authority, states: "The Bethlehem Steel Co.'s Cornwall, Pa. ore bed is the principal domestic source." Maybe he should have said: "was the principal domestic source", or perhaps Howe Sound's Idaho cobalt is still in the prospect stage in Mr. Mechlin's opinion, perhaps in yours too. KATHARINE W. CARMAN GEOLOGIST 933 MICHIGAN AVE. EVANSTON, ILLINOIS Mr. Mechlin is correct in his statement that Cornwall is the principal domestic source of cobalt, but within the year, Blackbird production should greatly exceed that from Cornwall. Calera is expected to ultimately produce 3 million lb per year, whereas Cornwall averages 520,000 lb per year. -Editor.

Jan 1, 1952

That the chemical industries are alive to the situation that they now occupy in the sum of affairs is evident in the preparations being made by many firms for the Second National Exposition of Chemical Industries To be-held at the Grand Central Palace, New York City, during the week of September 25-30, 191 The list of exhibitors indicates that the Exposition is already twice the size of its successful predecessor. The American Chemical Society will hold its annual meeting during the whole week, the American Electrochemical Society has arranged to - hold its meetings on September 28, 29 and 30, and the Technical Association of the American Pulp and Paper Industry is also planning to meet during the week. The Bureau of Commercial Economics at Washington is again co- operating with the Exposition by arranging an elaborate program of motion pictures covering subjects dealing with the industries depending on chemistry. Many of these films will have their first showing at the Exposition. They will take the visitor through industrial plants, shops, manufactories, mines, etc., where visitors are never admitted; they will show operations that in ordinary light would never be seen; they will demonstrate more than any other kind of motion picture the great strides and improvement in the art of photography.

Jan 8, 1916

By Y. S. Bonillas

IRA B. JORALEMON, Warren, Ariz.-This paper has covered the situation so well that I have few suggestions to offer. Two points, however, are shown more clearly in the lower mines of the Calumet Arizona Mining Co. than in Copper Queen workings, and may be worth mentioning. The first is the usual association of high-grade primary sulphide orebodies with much larger masses of pyrite and silica, averaging less than 1 per cent. copper. The richer areas occur sometimes around the borders of the lean pyrite bodies, and sometimes entirely within them. While as yet we have not been able to find any certain reason for the location of high-grade sulphides in low-grade masses, it seems likely that the age of fracturing is one controlling feature. The first stage of mineralization, with pyrite and silica, had the effect of sealing up the rock. The later solutions, richer in copper, could pene-

Jan 12, 1916

By Stephen C. Blair

Laboratory permeability measurements at elevated pressure and at temperatures ranging from 20º to 150°C have been conducted on samples of Ironton-Galesville sandstone. The purpose of this testing was to identify and characterize important physicochemical processes occurring in association with the injection and withdrawal of heated ground water at the U.S. Department of Energy's Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) field site in St. Paul, Minnesota. Results indicate that permeability decreased significantly as temperature was increased and that dissolution of the dolomite and silicate cementing agents and accompanying changes in mechanical properties may occur in the heat storage aquifer at St. Paul. Further, loss of permeability with temperature in laboratory samples may be caused by the change in the mechanical structure of the sample. Tests at ambient temperature to evaluate the effect of particle migration under conditions of reversed flow indicate that this process will not significantly impair formation permeability at the St. Paul site.

Jan 1, 1984

An Interstate Mining Commission organized in Raleigh, N. C., on April 27 still has no offices, no budget and only four members, but it could spell the beginning of the end for the state-to-state environmental control variations that have lately been con- founding the mining industry. Established by Kentucky, North Carolina, Oklahoma and Pennsylvania, the new organization is committed to protecting land, water and other resources through improved strip and other mining practices. In pursuit of this end, it has broad authority to study all mining activities affecting the environment and to recommend improvements in mining practices and in laws regulating the mining industry. The Startup The Commission was created under an interstate Mining Compact enacted in the 1960's by the legislatures of the four member states. According to the rules of this Compact, the Commissioners in the new organization are, ex officio, the governors of the member states-namely, Chairman Louie B. Nunn (Ky.), Vice Chairman Robert W. Scott (N.C.), David Hall (Okla.) and Milton J. Shapp (Pa.). Each Commissioner, however, must appoint an advisory body to counsel him in matters relating to Commission business and delegate one member of this body to act as his alternate. Each advisory body must include representatives of mining, conservation and other public and private interests.

Jan 1, 1971

By J. D. Vincent

During the history of man, the term concentration has had many meanings. Early in history, it may have been construed to mean sorting and smelting. Not many years ago, its definition included only the physical beneficiation processes. Today, and in this article, the term concentration is taking on the meaning of beneficiation and chemical processing, or either separately. An alternate definition could be: concentration is the process of recovering and upgrading an element or nonmetallic mineral so that the product can be used or refined for the needs of man. For the purpose of this article, concentration will have the same connotation as it does in the mineral industry, which has come to include processing methods such as leaching and chlorinization under this heading. Usually, smelting techniques and electrorefining are excluded and classified under the heading of refining. Using the broad definition of concentration, the areas of mining processing include not only the physical beneficiation processes and flotation but also hydrometallurgy and vapor-metallurgy. These methods include sorting, sizing, crushing and grinding, gravity concentrating, magnetic processing and flotation as well as hydrometallurgy and vapor- metallurgical processing.

Jan 1, 1971

By James A. L. White

Of the natural elemental surfur deposits of the world, volcanic deposits are not only the most spectacular, but probably the most widely distributed. As defined for the purposes of this paper, volcanic sulfur deposits include those associated with all phases of volcanic activity, including eruptive flows, and fumarolic and hot spring deposits. The line of demarcation between the latter and sedimentary deposits is not always clearly defined. Although volcanic sulfur has played an important role for centuries, serving as essentially the only source of sulfur, currently it is considered as purely marginal material. Volcanic deposits were relegated to this position by the advent of Frasch sulfur into world markets, which established sulfur prices and annual production levels with which volcanic sulfur cannot compete, Since early in the 20th century commercial interest in volcanic deposits of sulfur has been high only when premium markets are available. This occurred in the early 1950s and is the case at present. Considerable effort is currently being expended to establish new producers of volcanic sulfur, and to expand current operations or reactivate previous ones.

Jan 6, 1968

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Jan 2, 1968

Insoluble slimes are present in nearly all sylvinite ore bodies and must be removed prior to potash flotation because they adsorb excessive amounts of potash flotation reagents and cause low potash recoveries and grades. The problems associated with insoluble slimes will become more pronounced as high grade-low insol potash ores are depleted and lower grade ores containing high insols are processed. The most common commercial practice for insoluble slimes removal is mechanical desliming (hydroclassification); however, most of these desliming circuits were designed to treat sylvinite ores containing less than 4 percent insoluble slimes. As Mr. Banks mentioned in his presentation, higher insoluble slimes concentrations (>4 pct) in the mill feed overtax the mechanical desliming circuit and result in excessive brine and potash losses. Increasing the capacity of the circuit would require redesigning of the entire potash circuit and additional costly equipment. Because of mineralization and liberation properties of the high insols sylvinite deposits, the expansion of the desliming circuit may not economically maintain high potash grades and recoveries. Selective flocculation-flotation is an excellent alternative for removing insoluble slimes from potash ores. Cominco's ore, containing 4.5 to 8 percent insoluble slimes, is particularly amenable to the slimes flotation process, probably because of the absence of expanding-type clays such as montmorillonite. The overall potash recovery of 86 percent and low slime flocculant and collector dosages of 0.03 to 0.04 pound reagent per ton of feed is good evidence of the success of the process. If appreciable montmorillonite were present, the metallurgy would not be as favorable and reagent consumptions would increase significantly.

Jan 1, 1979

By M. C. Fuerstenau, D. N. Collins, R. B. Bhappu, D. N. Moir

D. N. Moir (Senior Scientific Officer, Warren Spring Laboratory, D.S.I.R. Stevenage) and D. N. Collins (Scientific Officer, Warren Spring Laboratory, D.S.I.R., Stevenage, England) — During work on the petroleum sulphonate flotation of beryl in 1959 at Harwell, and subsequently at Warren Spring Laboratory, effects similar to those mentioned by the authors were noticed. Brief details of some of this work were given to the 6th International Mineral Processing Congress at Cannes.' It is interesting to note that the authors experienced strong activation effects with Fe+++ ions on beryl when using petroleum sulphonate collectors. This phenomenon was of interest in our work when

Jan 1, 1963