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By J. A. Holmes

It is a fact that is coming to be more widely recognized by the general public, as well as by members of the medical fraternity, that the health of persons living in our hill-country depends in no small degree upon the drinking water obtained, just as it has been found that the* use of pure water in the lowlands and swamp-areas of the Southern States results in practical immunity from malarial diseases. Hence the problem, how to obtain supplies of wholesome water for the towns and manufacturing establishments in the hill-country or Piedmont plateau-region of the Southeastern States, becomes one of considerable interest, the importance of which will continue to increase, as the favorable conditions for manufactures and agriculture in this region will make it, in the near future, the most thickly populated portion of the South Atlantic States. Water-supplies from Surface-streams are unquestionably of the first importance; and in the mountain counties, where the region is still largely forest-covered and the streams are swift and continually aerated by rapids and cascades, the water is of superior purity and clearness. This statement is also applicable to the more elevated and sparsely settled portions of the Piedmont plateau; but in the less hilly and more thickly settled portions of this region the streams are more sluggish, and the waters more muddy and less pure, owing to the fact that a much larger proportion of the surface is under cultivation.

Jan 1, 1896

By Harry M. Roeser

As a result of the publication, several years ago, of some articles on determining the constants of empirical formulas, the determining the constants of types of curves used for estimating the production decline of oil wells was brought to the writer for study. Methods requiring the minimum of time and labor and the maximum of rigor were sought, as it appeared that the nature of the data from which such curves are computed and the relative uncertainty of occurrence of the events predicted from them did not justify close adherence to the theory on which the solution of such problems is ordinarily based. The technical deficiencies of the solutions presented in this paper, from the standpoint of the method of least squares, are readily apparent to those familiar with that method, but their presentation in detail here is irrelevant to the subject matter. However, it is the author's conviction, after a rather exhaustive study of the problem, that the value of the solutions lose little by the approximate application of the conventional theory. It must be understood by those who use these formulas that the solutions herein given, and the formulas based on them, are merely facilities to aid the valuation engineer in forecasting future events. It is assumed, also, that before application is made of them, prescient judgment based on the circumstances in each case, shows that the forecast has some probability of realization. On this basis only will these formulas be found useful.

Jan 1, 1925

By Walter E. Heinrichs

Since World War II exploration geophysics has derived its scope from the following factors: first, the usual post-war interest in exploration to rebuild war-depleted reserves; second, the impetus supplied by the uranium prospecting boom; third, increased demand for natural resources due to the Korean War; fourth, the discovery of substantial metallic ore by geophysical means in Canada, the U. S., and other countries; and, finally, continuing discoveries of commercial oil by geophysical methods throughout the world. The past year's national business slump has severely curtailed mining exploration in general and correspondingly has brought about even greater reductions in applied geophysics in mining. Petroleum exploration, conceived and executed on a broader statistical basis than mining, has kept up its geophysical programs relatively well, although domestic work has been substantially reduced.

Jan 7, 1959

By A. L. Hornbaker, S. D. Schwochow

Industrial minerals are becoming increasingly important in Colorado's mining industry, not only in production value but also in the variety available and in their potential development for both conventional and new uses. Fluorspar, building stone, fire clay, and pegmatite minerals have been historically important but are not now extensively mined. Aggregates (sand, gravel, and crushed stone), cement materials, metallurgical limestone, and common clays currently are the highest valued commodities. Those offering the greatest future potential include diamonds, nahcolite and dawsonite associated with oil shale, alunite, potash, zeolites, and rare earths.

Jan 1, 1982

By M. A. Bryant, J. C. Goodwin, T. B. Faddies, L. D. Kornze

The Mercur Gold Mine is located 56 km (35 air miles) southwest of Salt Lake City in north central Utah; In July 1981 Getty Mining Company made the decision to put Mercur into production. The first gold bar was poured in April 1983. This paper provides details on: 1) the history of the camp, 2) past production, 3) geology of the deposit, 4) the exploration and development program, 5) ore reserve estimates, 6) detailed geologic pit mapping, 7) production blasthole sampling techniques and 8) the use of geostatistics (kriging) in handling assays and gold extractions to produce the required mill feed.

Jan 1, 1985

By B. C. Craft, T. J. Johnson, H. L. Kirkpatrick

Petroleum engineers are displaying considerable interest in the problems of cementing oil wells, especially in the Gulf Coast and California areas, where steep temperature gradients are encountered and where wells are being drilled to greater depths. Deep drilling, that is, at depths in excess of 7000 ft., has been undertaken in these areas only in the last few years and with this trend oil-well cementing requires more technical treatment. It is not the purpose of this paper to describe the scope and application of cement operations in the oil industry or to give the standard specifications, methods of sampling and testing of portland cement. The various testing methods have been described by the American Society for Testing Materials1, Uren2, Tickell and Wankowski3 and Rakestraw and Parsons4. The latter authors (pp. 50-58) have also described in detail the methods of cementing. The authors realize that it is impossible to reproduce in the laboratory the scale of forces and dimensions that exist at great depths, but an attempt has been made to scale down these dimensions proportionally. The selection of problems to be studied was based largely upon the practical questions asked by several of the largest operators in these fields. All cements used in these experiments met the specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials.

Jan 1, 1935

By B. G. Langston, R. D. MacDonald, F. M. Stephens

WITH the development of uranium ores that contain substantial amounts of acid-consuming compounds, the alkaline leach has become an attractive method for extraction. Considerable work has been done on both atmospheric and pressure-leaching with aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as the lixiviants.1,2,3 For the treatment of uranium-bearing limestones and other high-lime (CaO) ores, the sodium carbonate leach has proven attractive because it avoids the high reagent consumption incurred by the reaction of sulfuric acid with lime. In addition, the corrosion problems with sodium carbonate are negligible as compared with those encountered in the acid-leach system. The sodium carbonate leach, however, does not yield as high an extraction of the uranium as the acid leach and is not attractive for economic reasons when treating ores that are high in sulfates or sulfides.

Jan 9, 1957

The Board of Directors on April 18, 1940, adopted a resolution providing that "no person who has been awarded any one of the four medals-Douglas, Saunders, Lucas, and Rand-is eligible for consideration for any other of the four medals " Later in the year the rules for the award of these four medals were revised and, so far as practicable, made uniform The medalists are elected by the Board of Directors, on recommendation of special standing committees of award, appointees on which serve four-year terms and are engaged in the branch of industry represented by the respective awards Under the rules only members of the committees of award are eligible to propose candidates\ for the nomination

Jan 1, 1952

By James W. Neill

Bituminous coal has for many years been used for the smelting of iron-ores in the blast-furnace. In some districts in Scotland it is used alone, in others it is used mixed with coke. The similar use of certain bituminous coals in the United States has been repeatedly mentioned in the Transactions. (See, for instance, as to the Hocking Valley coal, the papers of Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, Trans., ii., 275, and vii., 313; and as to Indiana "block-coal," the paper of Mr. J. S. Alexander, Trans., i., 225.) Phillips (Elements of Metallurgy, p. 250) says: " Raw coal for blast-furnace use must be of a non-cokiog kind, and, when of suitable quality, is perhaps the most advantageous fuel." In the first

Jan 1, 1892

By M. Hayri Erten

In this research the possibility of pelletizing high grade fluorsoar fines or flotation concentrates with the use of calcined colemanite as binder is investigated, and the room temperature and elevated temperature strengths of these pellets are compared with those of pellets which are obtained by using bentonite as binder. Pellets of 10-12 mm. size and having 10% calcined colemanite showed a much higher room temperature strength than those containing 5% benonite, both being endurated at 1000°C for 15 minutes. However, when the same batch of pellets were tested at elevated temperatures of 250º to 500°C, bentonite gave better results. X-ray tests showed that in the pellets endurated at 1000°C for 15 minutes the original crystal structure of fluorite mineral is preserved.

Jan 1, 1977

By Abderrafih Guessous

INTRODUCTION Morocco is an important lead-zinc producing country: 120,000 tons of lead concentrates were produced in 1968. Zinc ore production is less, 67,000 tons of concentrates in 1968. Most of the present production comes from three districts (fig.1) (i) Touissit-Bou Beker district, in the eastern part of the country, close to the border with Algeria. (ii) Aouli-Mibladen district, in the central part of the country. (iii) Aouam district, about $0 miles south of Meknes. In the first district lead and zinc are always found together. The two other districts produce mainly lead. This paper will be limited to a short description of geology and mining methods in the three aforementioned districts. More detailed geological informations can be found in the symposium on lead-zinc deposits in Africa (1).

Jan 1, 1970

By O. B. Hopkins

The total production of oil in Peru in 1940 was 12,127,135 bbl., or about 10 per cent less than in 1939. Most of the reduction can be attributed to the fact that the export market under war conditions is much restricted and naturally is more than ordinarily competitive. Development and Exploration in Older Areas As evidenced by Table I, almost all production continued to come from the three established fields in coastal northwestern Peru. Zorritos Field.—Exploration in this small field, which was purchased by the Peruvian Government in 1939, continued with that in near-by areas in the adjoining National Reserve. Several wells were drilled, regarding which details are not as yet available. It is estimated that the production rate for a total of some 45 old and 15 new wells approximated zoo bbl. per day, or about 3 bbl. per well per day. Lobitos Fields.—The Lobitos area produced 2,435,504 bbl.; about 10 per cent less than the amount for 1939. La Brea-Pari9zas.—This property of International Petroleum Co. continued to account for nearly 80 per cent of Peru's production. During the year, drilling was stepped up to 139 wells, as compared with 73 wells completed in the previous year; 123 were producers and aggregated a total of 287,867 ft. Of this total, more than 85 per cent was drilled by rotary tools, which are steadily displacing other equipment. Although most of these wells were drilled in the proved or semiproved areas, eight

Jan 1, 1941

By L. O. Howard

THE practice of using acid-lined converters at the plant of the Old Dominion Copper Mining & Smelting Co. was discontinued early in January, 1913, and they were replaced by basic-lined converters. The new equipment consists of one electrically operated 12-ft. upright converter stand and two basic-lined shells for same. These shells are provided with twenty-four 1 1/4-in. tuyères. The mouths are 5 ft. in diameter. Owing to the fact that there is no bedding system or other large storage capacity between the mine and the smelter, the furnaces must handle as fast as produced ore and concentrates, which may vary considerably from day to day, both in tonnage and copper content. Consequently the converter is often crowded to its utmost capacity by the frequent fluctuations in the daily matte supply. From the foregoing, it will be seen that in no way can the converter be favored by running light charges or by transferring to it from other stands in operation. Neither can it regularly be allowed to cool between blows, and only occasionally can it be run at as low a temperature as might be wished. No copper precipitate or other foreign material high in copper is available to help out the tonnage. Repairs and alterations or the removal of defective tuyères must wait until such time as a slight falling off in the matte supply-allows the converting operations to ease up. These variable conditions all combine to interfere with the systematic operating of the converter.

Jan 7, 1914

By O. B. Hopkins

The total production of oil in Peru in 1940 was 12,127,135 bbl., or about 10 per cent less than in 1939. Most of the reduction can be attributed to the fact that the export market under war conditions is much restricted and naturally is more than ordinarily competitive. Development and Exploration in Older Areas As evidenced by Table I, almost all production continued to come from the three established fields in coastal northwestern Peru. Zorritos Field.—Exploration in this small field, which was purchased by the Peruvian Government in 1939, continued with that in near-by areas in the adjoining National Reserve. Several wells were drilled, regarding which details are not as yet available. It is estimated that the production rate for a total of some 45 old and 15 new wells approximated zoo bbl. per day, or about 3 bbl. per well per day. Lobitos Fields.—The Lobitos area produced 2,435,504 bbl.; about 10 per cent less than the amount for 1939. La Brea-Pari9zas.—This property of International Petroleum Co. continued to account for nearly 80 per cent of Peru's production. During the year, drilling was stepped up to 139 wells, as compared with 73 wells completed in the previous year; 123 were producers and aggregated a total of 287,867 ft. Of this total, more than 85 per cent was drilled by rotary tools, which are steadily displacing other equipment. Although most of these wells were drilled in the proved or semiproved areas, eight

Jan 1, 1941

THE fifth annual convention of coal-operating men, with the usual exposition of coal-mine equipment, was held at Cincinnati, May 7 to 11 inclusive, and was fully up to the high standard set by previous years. This spring meeting has come to be one of the most helpful services to industry performed by the Ameri-can Mining Congress and a center at which operators and engineers easily and quickly get into touch with the newest and best things in practice and equipment. Over 200 exhibitors showed this year and very little if anything that is new `failed to be shown. The ex-hibits were well arranged and adequate rather than elaborate. They attracted the careful attention of the members and guests of the Congress, admission being by badge rather than by ticket sold to, the general public. Eight sessions were held for reading and dis-cussion of technical papers, one for Management and

Jan 6, 1928

By John V. Beall

Dear J. B.: The recent cable I sent you for a transfer of $200,000 was the outcome of the diligence and perspicacity of our group which, as you know, is laboring under severe hardships here in Rondônia. I only mention the latter difficulties in passing because no reply has been received to our urgent appeal for money. As much as I detest appearing to plead for more attention than you feel called upon to pay to our forgotten mission, I can assure you that it would be in the best interest of the company for you to do so. The fact is, we have been able to outmaneuver the competition and have succeeded in securing pesquizas on some of the most promising cassiterite gravels. We have not been able, up to now, to do much bulk sampling (for lack of funds) but our preliminary panning shows great promise as you can see from the enclosed assay sheets.

Jan 1, 1971

By M. E. Wadsworth

The Michigan State College of Mines was established ten years ago last September as the fourth and last of the iustitutions of Michigan which are devoted to higher education. From the moment of its inception its single object has been to send out men who are qualified to take active part in the development of the mineral wealth of our State and nation, and any study which is essential to this end will not be found wanting in its courses of instruction. The institution has been singularly happy in its location. It is an axiom of modern education that any school which is to obtain the greatest return for the money and energy spent in

Jan 1, 1898

The official Institute reports for the year 1929 were distributed in pamphlet form at the Annual Meeting, February, 1930, and were later included in Section 2 of Mining and Metallurgy, June, 1930, and thus made available to the entire membership. Membership In its report the Admissions Committee set forth the changes in membership during 1929, as follows: Total membership, Jan. 1, 1928, 8582; elected and placed on rolls in 1929, including 59 reinstatements, 509; loss by resignations in 1929, 88; loss by death in 1929, 110; loss by suspension in 1929, 37; membership at end of year not including Student Associates, 8856. Distribution of membership: Honorary Members, 16; Members, 6590; Junior Members, 38; Associates, 1041; Junior Associates, 1033; Rocky Mountain, 138; total membership, Jan. 1, 1930, 8856; Student Associates, 150; total including student associates, 9006. Treasurer's Annual Report, Year of 1929 Statement of Receipts For the year ended December 31, 1929 Dues: Arrears............................................ $ 3,501.75 Current............................................ 97,257.12 New Members...................................... 5,721.50 Advance........................................... 1,970.79 $108,451.16 Initiation Fees.................................................. 7,436.00 Magazine Receipts: Advertising Gross Receipts........................... $40,610.81 Magazine Sales..................................... 3,799.84 44,410.65 Sale of Transactions Current........................... $ 2,985. 15 Sale of Special Editions Current........................ 5,147.82 Sale of Back Transactions and Special Editions........... 4,186.93 Sale of Year Book..................................... 65.50 Sale of Authors' Reprints.............................. 2,585.40 Sale of Pins and Fobs.................................. 14.73 Sale of Technical Publications.......................... 1,451.55 Sale of Bindings...................................... 3,949.13 20,376.21 Net Interest Received: On Bank Balance and Temporary Investments......... $ 2,595.04 On Lie Membership Fund........................... 3,223.43 On James Douglas Library Fund...................... 5,425.61 On General Reserve Fund............................ 2,015.58 13,259.66 Miscellaneous Receipts........................................... 335.80 Total Receipts................................................ $194,269.48

Jan 1, 1930

By R. A. Wyman

KYANITE schists in the Sudbury area have been generally described by Haw,' who has also given particuLar information on preliminary treatment of three large samples from Dryden township, Ontario.' Kyanite, garnet, biotite, quartz, and feldspar comprise the main ingredients of this ore. Kyanite is the valuable mineral. About 5½ tons of —35 +200 mesh product, made by dry rod milling, screening, and separation on the Exolon magnetic separator, were available for treatment by flotation. Magnetic separation had effectively reduced garnet and biotite so that flotation feed consisted essentially of kyanite, quartz, and feldspar, the kyanite content averaging 32 pct and representing about 86 pct of the kyanite in the original ore. Earlier work on kyanite at the Mines Branch, Ottawa, s-c employed an acid circuit, but to avoid production difficulties in the use of acids and at the same time take advantage of the fact that industrial minerals respond somewhat to soap flotation, it was decided first to investigate the higher pH levels. Exploratory tests using —65 +200 mesh feed ended with production of 96.6 pct kyanite concentrate rep-

Jan 1, 1959

Due to the advanced date of publication of this Bulletin, the lists of new members, changes of address, etc., for the month of July will be printed in the September number of the Bulletin. CANDIDATES FOR MEMBERSHIP. The following persons have been proposed during the period July 1-20, 1913, for election as members of the Institute. Their names are published for the information of members and associates, from whom the Committee on Membership earnestly invites confidential communications, favorable or unfavorable, concerning these candidates. A sufficient period (varying in the discretion of the Committee, according to the residence of the candidate) will be allowed for the reception of such communications, before any action upon these names by the Committee. After the lapse of this period, the Committee will recommend action by the Council, which has the power of final election.

Jan 8, 1913