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By M. L. Jeremic

Altered and unaltered coal from the Star-Key Mine near Edmonton, Alberta has been tested under compression and under tension. The test results showed that altered coal samples have an appreciably lower strength than unaltered coal. Altered coal samples do not give a linear load-displacement curve, peak strengths are poorly defined and yielding is observed over a range of loads, so the material can be regarded as relatively plastic. However, unaltered coal samples produce a linear loading curve with a high tangential modulus and an easily distinguished peak strength at which there is a sudden brittle failure. These findings lead to important differences in the theoretical design of ribs and pillars in underground mines in the two coal types. The substantial differences in the strength properties and behaviour of the two types of coal are governed by a higher intensity of cracks in the weathered coal. Two causes of the additional cracking can be suggested-subaerial weathering and subterranean weathering of the coal.

Jan 1, 1979

By M. Westendorf, T. Banerjee, S. Kaushik, D. Tinney

"Cyclones are one of the most extensively used pieces of equipment within the mineral processing industry because of their simplistic operating and maintenance philosophies. They are commonly used as classifiers within the comminution circuit to control the grinding product particle size for satisfactory performance of downstream operations.Cyclones are a key contributor to the effective operation of the plant and have a significant impact on the mineral processing plant operations. If the cyclones are not performing as they should, the results are often a combination of lost recovery, grade, capacity and reduced throughput. Similarly, an inefficient cyclone operation may also lead to low or high recirculating loads that impact the efficiency of the comminution circuit. This highlights the importance of having proper stability in cyclone operation while implementing any plant-wide optimization strategy.One of the key challenges in cyclone operation is that cyclones are highly sensitive to changes in operating conditions and are affected by process fluctuations such as feed pressure, solids concentration and flow rates. Fluctuations in cyclone feed characteristics lead to unstable cyclone performance which affects mineral liberation. For such an impactful unit operation, cyclones have historically been under-instrumented in an otherwise highly instrumented process plant. Traditionally, mill operators have relied on visual observations of the apex discharge to determine the operating state of the cyclones. Visual cues corresponding to the different cyclone operating conditions have been discussed by Neesse et al. (2004) as shown in Fig. 1."

Jan 1, 2014

By David B. Reger

Wildcat drilling for new supplies of gas and the expansion of previously discovered oil and gas pools were the principal petroleum activities in West Virginia .during 1942. Much of the new gas exploration is still uncompleted and still indecisive but various wildcats made substantial extensions to existing pools. Out of 53 wildcats drilled 27 resulted in commercial gas and 6 in commercial oil. Four of the oil discoveries also had commercial gas. No strictly new pools of oil or gas can safely be described as discovered but several scattered oil and gas wells previously drilled have been confirmed as the openers of definite pools; also, various completions closed wide gaps between apparent gas pools already discovered. The proved oil territory of the state was increased about 4850 acres and the proved gas territory about 51,000 acres. The new proved oil reserves should about balance withdrawals and the new gas may represent a substantial increase. Aside from the drilling in four rather lively pools, oil activity was slight because of unfavorable operating conditions and prices. Gas drilling also declined for reasons beyond the control of the operators. The account of operations, as gathered from trade journals and other reporting services, shows that 797 new wells were drilled, providing 119 new oil wells with 2762 bbl. of daily new production; 536 new gas wells with 1,228,501,000 CU. ft. of daily open flow: and 142 dry holes. Also... 76 old wells were drilled to deeper sands, with 71 bbl. and 26,034,000 cu, ft. of added production. On the new wells the oil average was 23.21 bbl. per well per day; and the gas average was 2,270,406 CU. ft. per well per day. On new wells the ratio of dry holes to completions was 17.82 per cent. On deeper drilling the ratio of failures was 21.05 per cent. Production of oil for the year was estimated by the Oil ad Gas Journal as 3,492,000 bbl., as compared with 3,378,000 bbl. in 1941. Production of natural gas for the year is estimated by the author as 220,000,000,000 cu. ft., as compared with the U. S. Bureau of Mines final figures of 207,000,000,000 cu. ft.* in 1941. General State op Industry Leasing of wildcat acreage increased considerably. The total land of all classes under lease may now exceed 5,000,000 acres. Taking into consideration completions, abandonments and corrected figures or estimates, Table I shows cumulative and late annual statistics. New Pools and Extensions Table 2 shows the principal areas of drilling activity during 1942. Various consolidations of territory, hitherto treated as separate pools, have been made. in addition to these active pools, extensive drilling was done in numerous other areas where pool boundaries can hardly be defined. Summary or Exploration Table 3 gives a summary of important wildcat or exploratory wells drilled during

Jan 1, 1943

By David B. Reger

Wildcat drilling for new supplies of gas and the expansion of previously discovered oil and gas pools were the principal petroleum activities in West Virginia .during 1942. Much of the new gas exploration is still uncompleted and still indecisive but various wildcats made substantial extensions to existing pools. Out of 53 wildcats drilled 27 resulted in commercial gas and 6 in commercial oil. Four of the oil discoveries also had commercial gas. No strictly new pools of oil or gas can safely be described as discovered but several scattered oil and gas wells previously drilled have been confirmed as the openers of definite pools; also, various completions closed wide gaps between apparent gas pools already discovered. The proved oil territory of the state was increased about 4850 acres and the proved gas territory about 51,000 acres. The new proved oil reserves should about balance withdrawals and the new gas may represent a substantial increase. Aside from the drilling in four rather lively pools, oil activity was slight because of unfavorable operating conditions and prices. Gas drilling also declined for reasons beyond the control of the operators. The account of operations, as gathered from trade journals and other reporting services, shows that 797 new wells were drilled, providing 119 new oil wells with 2762 bbl. of daily new production; 536 new gas wells with 1,228,501,000 CU. ft. of daily open flow: and 142 dry holes. Also... 76 old wells were drilled to deeper sands, with 71 bbl. and 26,034,000 cu, ft. of added production. On the new wells the oil average was 23.21 bbl. per well per day; and the gas average was 2,270,406 CU. ft. per well per day. On new wells the ratio of dry holes to completions was 17.82 per cent. On deeper drilling the ratio of failures was 21.05 per cent. Production of oil for the year was estimated by the Oil ad Gas Journal as 3,492,000 bbl., as compared with 3,378,000 bbl. in 1941. Production of natural gas for the year is estimated by the author as 220,000,000,000 cu. ft., as compared with the U. S. Bureau of Mines final figures of 207,000,000,000 cu. ft.* in 1941. General State op Industry Leasing of wildcat acreage increased considerably. The total land of all classes under lease may now exceed 5,000,000 acres. Taking into consideration completions, abandonments and corrected figures or estimates, Table I shows cumulative and late annual statistics. New Pools and Extensions Table 2 shows the principal areas of drilling activity during 1942. Various consolidations of territory, hitherto treated as separate pools, have been made. in addition to these active pools, extensive drilling was done in numerous other areas where pool boundaries can hardly be defined. Summary or Exploration Table 3 gives a summary of important wildcat or exploratory wells drilled during

Jan 1, 1943

By A. Taylor, E. Thorn Corthay, J. Farrell, L. A. Westfall, S. Borchardt

Mining and metallurgical industries need to minimize their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; Hatch specializes in conducting mining and metallurgical energy management assessments and optimizing productivity. Projects executed have demonstrated that there is a wealth of energy management, waste reduction, and process efficiency improvements that require no or low capital investment. Typical energy cost savings are on the order of 5% to 12%, with similar reductions in GHG emissions. Hatch generates Marginal Abatement Cost Curves to optimize the implementation pathway, maximizing carbon abatement and minimizing cost. The findings of a practical case study from Cameco are presented.

Jan 1, 2010

By H. F. Seifert

THE classification and preparation of non-ferrous scrap metals is a subject of interest to every individual and corporation that employs in its processes of manufacture non-ferrous metals and alloys and accumulates in such manufacture scrap from these materials for disposition in the form of turnings, borings, short ends, punchings, clippings, grindings, washings, etc. All too frequently the disposition of such scrap is left to individuals who have no knowledge of the subject either from a metallurgical or a commercial standpoint, or both. Much money is thus lost which with a little more intelligent effort might be saved, and in this day of fierce competition and small profits such an opportunity cannot be ignored. The Mineral Resources of the United States for the year 1925, the latest issue available (Part 1, page 221), gives the secondary non-ferrous TABLE 1.-Some Secondary Non-ferrous Metals Recovered in the United States for the Year 1924-25 Material Short Tons Value Copper, including that in alloys other than brass.... 250,600 $ 71,170,400 Brass, scrap remelted 242,300 56,270,800 Lead as metal 112,4201 39,477,100 Lead as alloys 112,460 Zinc as metal 61,430 11,359,000 Zinc -in alloys other than brass 13,300 Tin as metal 1 7,950 35,165,400 Tin in alloys 23,000 Antimony as metal 1 } 3;794,000 Antimony in alloys 10,839 Aluminum as metal 17,700 24 Aluminum in alloys 26,300 ,816,000 Nickel as metal 19 1 1,518,000 Nickel in non-ferrous alloys 2,109 Total 882,600 $243,570,700

Jan 1, 1928

1.0 SCOPE AND REGULATIONS 1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for material handling and associated equipment including design and materials. 1.2 This specification requires compliance with all federal, state, local laws and regulations which may be applicable including the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Construction Safety Act as well as rules, regulations and standards of the Secretary of Labor.

Jan 1, 1979

By V. R. Degner

The trend in both the metallic and non-metallic mining industry is toward processing increasing y higher tonnages of lower grade ores, thereby resulting in a growing interest in progressively larger volume individual machines in the flotation circuit. Because of the relatively high cost of large flotation machine development and evaluation, it is important to establish a rational basis by which the existing smaller flotation machine experience can be extrapolated to establish the configuration of the next larger family of flotation machines with a minimum of development modification in the field. This paper reviews the R&D approach used in translating smaller flotation machine experience to establish the configuration of a 1000 cu ft (2B.3 cu m) induced air machine. Internal cell hydrodynamic principles, which governed this extrapolation, and cell (liquid) surface and froth management considerations will be reviewed, and prototype machine mill tests will be summarized.

Jan 1, 1978

[†AARONSON, ALFRED E., Vice-Pres., Mid-Co. Petroleum Co., Mid-Co. Bldg., Tulsa Okla. '18 ABADIE, EMILE R., Min. Engr Box 927, Porterville, Cal. '76 ¦ABADILLA, QUIRICO A. Student, Colorado School Of Mines, Golden, Colo. '20 ABBOTT, CLARENCE E., Gen'l Supt. Iron Mines Div., Tenn. Coal, Iron & R. I. Co., 1405 Minnesota Ave., Bessemer, Ala. '04] [ ]

Jan 1, 1925

By Harry C. Wiess

PETROLEUM has come to be one of the most important and essential of the mineral re- sources of the nation. It is the most advantageous source of mineral fuels and of lubricants, and as such it has provided in large measure for the phenomenal development in our modern means of travel and in the facilities for transportation by land, sea, and air. Without it the remark- ably rapid industrial and social progress in our country during the past thirty years could not have occurred. In view of its important place and the fact that petroleum is irreplaceable and existent in limited quantities in nature, its conservation is essential.

Jan 1, 1939

Jan 1, 1962

By E Deucker, A White

Gold Fields Australia (Gold Fields) has identified that improving productivity through more detailed shift planning and operational control of mining activities is a key driver to the success of their business. The Hamlet mine was chosen as a pilot site to trial a system that would allow production engineers and shift bosses to align the execution of short-term activities with the longer-term goals of the organisation.Gold Fields partnered with Deswik to introduce an on-site, collaborative, web-based system to allow mine planners to quickly build-up a detailed, activity-based, shift schedule for the coming week from the 13-week plan. Multiple stakeholders could then review and alter the plan, and then track and manage the execution of the activities.The system is designed to be integrated with production data capture systems to allow tracking of progress towards completion for each activity, as well as to plan and monitor the equipment operating in the mine. Integration of systems allowed engineers to use the large quantities of production data being captured to make informed decisions in the operations environment.The system replaced a complex set of spreadsheets that required expert users in Gold Fields to maintain. By capturing the data in a central database, the planning process is transparent and historic data from the execution of activities is available for analysis to improve productivity in the future.The system has ensured that the highest priority and critical path activities for the business are completed at the right time, improving the efficiency of operations.CITATION:Deucker, E and White, A, 2017. Productivity improvement through collaborative shift planning and tracking, in Proceedings 13th AusIMM Underground Operators’ Conference 2017, pp 225–234 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Oct 16, 2017

By José Salas, Vicente Salas, Fredy Butrón

El objetivo principal, de la presente investigación aplicada, es determinar cuantitativamente, la viabilidad tecnológica, del aprovechamiento de la energía eólica, minihidráulica, y combinadas de los ríos de las cuencas bajas de las cordilleras, y su sostenibilidad económica; tomando como ejemplo característico, la cuenca baja del rio Ocoña en Arequipa, Perú. Como objetivos parciales, se estudia de forma individual, el tema eólico, minihidráulico

Sep 29, 2023

The Kwademen Au deposit was discovered in 1977- 1978 following a regional geochemical survey carried out as part of a UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) and BUMIGEB (Bureau des Mines et de la Geologie du Burkina) mineral exploration programme. The climate in Burkina Faso is rather dry, with markedly seasonal rainfall averaging 800 mm pa in the Kwademen project area. The relief is low and the drainage poorly developed, so that soil sampling was preferred to stream sediment sampling. Rocks have been subjected to deep lateritic weathering, so that they are transformed into a mixture of Fe-oxides and kaolinite over depths varying between 30 and 40 m. At the regional stage, soil samples (30-40 cm depth) were collected a a 300 x 500 m grid. The Kwademen deposit was indicated by Cu, Zn, Mo and Au anomalies. Subsequently, an area of 9.2 km2 was covered by a detailed geochemical survey by soil (100 x 50 m) and auger sampling. The regional anomaly was fully confirmed, and subsequent drilling intersected mineralized ore shoots, justifying the establishment of an evaluation project led by the U.N.R.F. (United Nations Revolving Fund) in 1983- 1985.

Jan 1, 1988

By Laurence F. Kelley

This paper is one of a series being prepared by the United States Bureau of Mines on shaft-sinking methods and costs at individual operations in various mining districts of the United States. The methods and costs described herein are those of The Consolidation Coal Co. at one of its operations in the Tug River district, McDowell County, W. Va. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author is indebted to Frank R. Lyon, vice-president, Thos. G. Fear, general manager of operations, and Chas. Enzian, chief engineer, of The Consolidation Coal Co., for valuable assistance and collaboration in the preparation of this paper. W. A. Cole, manager of the E. J. Longyear Development Co. furnished valuable data on methods and performance averages.

Jan 1, 1932

By Peter G. Chamberlain

The surge in gold and silver prices during the 1970's attracted many new mining operators and has rekindled interest among experienced ones. With its low capital investment requirements and fast payout, leaching has attracted many operators--particularly those with small or low- grade deposits. Although in certain situations leaching offers many advantages over conventional mining methods, many operators are uncertain how these relatively new techniques should be implemented. Consequently the Bureau of Mines has prepared this circular to disseminate information on gold and silver leaching practices, techniques, and problem. Engineering data gathered from 26 operations indicate that most ores are leached in heaps following crushing and distribution on pads. Metal values are recovered from cyanide leach solutions using either zinc precipitation or charcoal adsorption. Potential problems that my hamper on block development of a leaching operation are poor percolation characteristics of the ore, calcium salt buildup, low temperatures, and solution losses. An extensive bibliography on gold and silver leaching is appended.

Jan 1, 1984

By Stanton L. Tainter

As a part of a wartime program to aid in the development of known ore bodies and in the discovery of hitherto unknown deposits of strategic minerals, the Bureau of Mines investigated the feasibility of diamond-drilling the Christmas copper deposit, in Gila County, Ariz., to increase the reserves of milling ore. Upon recommendation of the examining engineer, drilling was begun in September 1942, from the bottom (770) level of the mine. One month later, in cooperation with the Bureau, the Federal Geological Survey started geologic mapping of the mine workings. Since extensive and costly development would be required, the War Production Board concluded that ore below the bottom level could not be mined at that time because of the wartime shortages of equipment and man-power. In January 1943, drilling was moved to the 300 and 400 levels to locate reserves readily accessible for continued production of fluxing ore. This drilling, which was under the supervision of L. G. Marshall, was completed in January 1944.

Jan 1, 1948

This report briefly describes the broad program of research and technologic work conducted by the Bureau of Mines on coal and related subjects during 1966. In addition to n description of investigations on mining, preparation, and utilization of coal, an account is given of the Bureau's work in mine health and safety, coal resources, mine explosives, and environmental conditions relating to coal mining and utilization. Details of most of the projects are reported in publications cited throughout this report. Centers and laboratories conducting the coal research and related investigations appear in appendix A; organizations, institutions , and companies contributing to the Bureau's coal research and technologic program are listed in appendix B.

Jan 1, 1967

By R. S. Dean

"Applied Mineral Physics, by R. S. Dean.- This is an introduction to the seven papers that follow. It discusses the practical aspects of mineral physics and outlines the theo¬retical viewpoint underlying the investigations reported herein.Explosive Shattering as a Possible Economical Method of Ore Presentation By John Gross and C. E. Wood. - It is shown that explosion shattering by impact is favored by large charges and by low ratio of water to charge. For 400-gram charges of dolomite crushed through 48 mesh the steam costs are less than 5 cents per ton of dolomite obtained. This is within the range of present steam costs for ball-milling dolomite.Electrical Properties of Minersl Aggergates I. Natural and Artificial Aggregates Crystallized Lead Sulphide By R.S. Dean and John Koster - This paper deals with the electrical properties of natural and synthetic galena. It is shown that massive crystalline galena has a normal positive temperature coefficient of resistance, whereas fine-grained steel galena has a negative temperature coefficient, the curve R v. T being exponential in form. That steel galena behaves somewhat like a leaky condenser is indicated by ballistic and alternating-current bridge measurements. In determining the cause of the erratic results of alternating-current resistance measurements it was observed that the measured re¬sistance was a function of the current through the specimen. The direct-current resistance was found to be proportional to the square of a superimposed radio-frequency current and independent of the frequency.The influence of grain size or the amount of metallic interface on the voltage-current characteristics at various temperatures on synthetic galena pastilles was studied. It is proved that the volts v. amperes curves are linear for all sizes and temperatures, that they have an intercept which is apparently a linear function of the temperature, and that their slopes are exponential functions of the temperature and give rise to a negative temperature coefficient of resistance.Apparatus for determing the Magnetic Constants of Mineral Powders by V,H, Gottschalk,and C. W. Davis.- A modified isthmus permeameter having a spark-suppressed primary and a multiplier in the secondary circuit to regulate the effect of capsules functioning as a twin isthmus is used to obtain quantitative data and normal induction and hystersis curves from small amounts of powdered material at fields surpassing 3.000 oersteds. Data and curves are given to demonstrate the calibration of the apparatus and the reproducibility of its results. Applications and limitations of the apparatus are noted.Magnetization Curves for Magnetite Poeders by V. H. Gottschalk and F. S. Wartman.- This paper gives measurements on four lots of purified and analyzed magnetites in mixed fractions with especial reference to the variation of permeability with grain size and with dilution by an inert material."

Feb 1, 1935

By E. P. Hayes

This report supplements the date contained in Bureau of Mines Information Circular 6156, "Special features of core drilling in the salt beds of Western Texas and New Mexico," by J. S. Wroth. That circular dealt with the drilling of the first 12 of the 24 potash tests made by the U. S. Bureau of Mines in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey; this report is concerned with the drilling of the last 12 tests. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer is indebted to R. E. Heithecker, the Bureau of Mines engineer who had charge of the drilling of tests 13 to 17, for his well-prepared records on the drilling of these tests.

Jan 1, 1933