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By P. J. Bourassa

Incorporated in 1957 under the laws of the Province of Quebec, Quebec Cartier Mining Co. undertook the development of its low-grade iron ore reserves located at Lac Jeannine in the southwest extremity of the Quebec-Labrador trough. This challenge comprised the construction of a 200-mile access road, two towns, a 191-mile-long railroad from Port Cartier to Lac Jeannine, a hydro-electric generating plant on the Hart Jaune River, and mining, crushing, concentrating and ancillary facilities to support a yearly production of 8.0 million tons of iron ore concentrates at 66% Fe. In order to meet increasing market demands for iron ore concentrates concurrently with the depletion of its Lac Jeannine reserves , Quebec Cartier announced, late in 1969, the first step toward bringing into production a new iron ore deposit, known as Mount Wright, located 70 air miles northeast of Lac Jeannine and 25 miles southwest of Labrador City, Newfoundland. In September 1970, the company announced its decision to develop and bring into production its Mount Wright reserves at an annual rate of 1 8.4 million dry long tons. The scope of this project included the construction of an access road linking the mine, the new town and Labrador City, Newfoundland, the extension of the railroad by some 86 miles, the construction of an ore concentrating plant with all the ancillary facilities, the development: of the mine, the construction of a pourer transmission line and a new town adjacent to Lake Daviault. The Mount Wright story is divided into five individual papers covering: (a) the history and development of the project; (b) the mine; (c) plant control by a process computer; (d) crushing, grinding and concentrating; and (e) the townsite of Fermont.

Jan 1, 1977

By Antonio Segatori, Bjørn Holmedal, Kai Zhang, Trond Aukrust, Knut Marthinsen

"The visual appearance and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy extrusions are strongly dependent on the microstructure and texture of the extruded profiles, where the desired microstructure and texture may depend on the specific applications. In the present work, the evolution of deformation, as well as recrystallization textures during extrusion of AA6xxx aluminium alloys, have been experimentally and numerically investigated. Extrusion trials were performed in a laboratory extrusion set-up, which enabled immediate water-quenching of the profiles at the exit of the die, and thus the possibility to capture the deformation texture prior to post-extrusion recrystallization. The textures and their through-thickness variations were experimentally measured by the electron back-scatter diffraction technique (EBSD, and the deformation textures numerically modelled by coupling FEM flow simulations and crystal plasticity (CP) simulations. Different CP models as well as different choices of model parameters were employed and evaluated for texture predictions. With an appropriate choice of crystal plasticity model and model parameters, the deformation texture can mainly be predicted, although the accurate intensities are hard to reproduce. The corresponding recrystallization textures, either generated through spontaneous recrystallization of the extruded profiles or through post-extrusion annealing, are far more challenging to reproduce with available recrystallization models.INTRODUCTION Extrusion is a widely applied thermal-mechanical process to produce aluminium profiles. The properties of the profiles, for example mechanical, fatigue, fracture, corrosion as well surface appearance, are strongly dependent on the underlying microstructure and texture, and the requirements with respect to these aspects may vary with applications (Ralston et al., 2010; Dumoulin et al., 2012; Donati et al., 2013). Moreover, it is often a challenge to produce extrusions with a consistent and homogenous grain structure and texture along as well as through the cross section of the profiles. It is thus vital to understand and be able to predict (model) how different microstructures and textures are formed and how they evolve during and after extrusion, as basis for controlling the final appearance and properties of extruded profiles."

Jan 1, 2018

By John J. Barakso

A summary of geochemical dispersion processes is presented. Secondary and tertiary dispersion of uranium was examined at several uranium prospects in British Columbia. The vertical migration of uranium from bedrock (primary dispersion) through overburden into the various soil horizons, and into snow and plants, was studied, and relationships were sought to explain the dispersion patterns in the secondary and tertiary environments. Soil developments were examined to obtain information on factors affecting the dispersion of uranium in soil profiles and tertiary substances; samples were analyzed for a number of elements. Biogeochemical data indicate that plant geochemistry is a possible exploration aid in areas of heavy overburden owing to the high selectivity of certain plants for specific elements. Some new data on the geochemistry of snow are discussed as a matter of research interest in the tertiary dispersion of uranium. Analytical techniques and problems are discussed, particularly extraction techniques, which must be carefully chosen to give reliable information on uranium dispersion.

Jan 1, 1979

By W. M. Goodwin

"IntroductionIN THE preceding paper we have learned about Canada's resources of metallurgical coal. There is an adequate amount in Nova Scotia, a very large reserve on the eastern flank of the Rocky mountains, and a strictly limited supply on the Pacific coast. Added to these is an unknown quantity of coking coal in the Peace River district, at present rather isolated but possibly capable of industrial development in the future.The chief use of metallurgical coal is to make iron and steel. For this, an adequate supply of iron ore is required. So we should now scan the Canadian supply of iron ore, the possibility of its increasing use at home, and the probable markets abroad.Trade in iron ore tends to be international, as is the case with many other raw materials. The present tendency with iron and steel, in contrast, is to keep its manufacture within national boundaries, and there is no evidence that this will change much in the years to come. We should keep these two points clearly in mind when considering the disposal of iron ore from Canadian mines. We should remember, also, that the modern blast furnace and steel plant has such a large output that a correspondingly large population, reasonably compact, is needed to consume its products.Large Ore Supply in East, Small in WestCanada has now four major iron ore fields, well situated to serve adequately the eastern half of the country. Wabana .and Labrador are well placed to serve overseas markets and plants on the eastern seaboard and eastern interior of the United States and Canada."

Jan 1, 1952

The Nak?azdli First Nation and the municipality of Fort St. James are located in the Stuart Lake/Nak?al Bun area and are not unfamiliar to mining. These northern British Columbian communities have been associated with the historic Pinchi Lake Mercury mine and today are closely linked with British Columbia?s newest mine, the Mt. Milligan mine. Prior to the construction of Mt. Milligan, community health and social service providers were concerned about potential impacts that would occur from new mineral development activities. This concern has led to a partnership between the above communities and researchers with expertise in the area of mining and health. This paper describes: the current mining and health environment with a focus on British Columbia; mining trends in the Stuart Lake/Nak?al Bun area; the current community-based health research project funded by the Vancouver Foundation and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and; a suite of community-based health recommendations to mining companies on key issues to consider when developing projects near municipalities and Aboriginal communities in Canada, based upon one of the newest mines under development in Canada.

Aug 1, 2013

By John C. Wilmot, Robert E. Brewer, Royce J. Smith

In March 2003, Phelps Dodge started up an innovative pressure leach facility for processing copper concentrates at the Bagdad mine in Arizona. This paper describes the development of the concentrate leaching plant at Bagdad and the operational results from start up to present. Optimization efforts and an approach to mineralogical modeling of the concentrate to calculate oxygen utilization are also presented.

Jan 1, 2004

By C. I. Garcia, G. Zhou, W. Gao, A. J. DeArdo

The development of X-100 and X-120 linepipe steels was investigated using a series of low-carbon Mo-Nb-B steels. The laboratory steels were vacuum melted and processed using advanced thermomechanical processing (TMP) philosophies. Prior to the laboratory hot-rolling experiments, the grain coarsening temperature, the conventional T95 and T5 start-stop recrystallization temperatures and the transformation behavior of y were studied using a computer-controlled high temperature deformation MTS-458 and a Theta-IV High Speed dilatometer systems. The results from these experiments provided the guidelines for the design of the laboratory hot-rolling TMP processing experiments. The mechanical properties of the experimental steels showed yield strengths in the range 700-850 MPa and CVN impact properties of over 80 J at -20°C. The best balance of mechanical properties was obtained by using CCR+DQ+Tempering treatments. The major microstructural features responsible for the observed mechanical properties in order of importance were: a) substructural refinement associated with lower bainite, b) dislocation strengthening, c) fine recrystallized ferrite, and d) small amounts of retained austenite. Fine Nb(C,N) precipitates formed in ferrite were observed, however their contribution to the strength was minimum. Most of the Nb(C,N) precipitation took place in austenite. This precipitation was used to exert microstructural control of austenite during hot rolling. The physical metallurgy and optimum TMP to achieve the mechanical properties are detailed in this paper.

Jan 1, 2005

By W. van der Merwe

ABSTRACT With the gold industry processing more complex ores, the online measurement and control of cyanide addition to the gold leaching circuit has become more critical. This paper compares the two commonly employed ‘free’ cyanide online analysis methods (amperometric and potentiometric endpoint silver nitrate titration) with the rhodanine endpoint silver nitrate titration and ion selective electrode methods common at site laboratories. Measurement differences between these methods are presented and discussed for cyanide solutions containing copper and zinc with varying cyanide to metal ion ratios. The resulting cyanide available to leach gold is also compared using these measurement techniques.

Jan 1, 2013

By G. R. Elliott

Foreword The office of the Supervisory Mining Engineer, a branch of the l. Federal Government, is financially interested in no oil company and has no stock to sell. This office, however, is deeply interested in the proper and efficient development of Canada's natural resources. The people of Canada are interested in the petroleum development in Turner Valley for two principal reasons: As represented by the Department of the Interior, they are the largest owners of petroleum and natural-gas rights in the field; As a nation, they are vitally interested in the development of petroleum and natural gas as a national asset, and therefore, also, in all productive property, no matter who directly controls the leases. As has been stated by Mr. Charles C. Ross, Supervisory Mining Engineer, "The Department, being responsible for the administration of these public resources, necessarily requires regulations to protect them from abuse by lessees. Our portion of this responsibility is to record a complete history of all drilling operations and to see that proper drilling methods are adopted to prevent damage and wanton waste of the valuable natural resources under discussion." Not only does our position necessitate an impartial and a judicial viewpoint, but, being day by day in touch with all operations in the western provinces, we are uniquely situated to comprehend both individual and general problems.

Jan 1, 1930

By G. Wren

As base metal sulphide resources become increasingly challenging to process, producers seek alternative options to treat concentrates. This study considers the mineral, elemental, and leaching character of a West Australian nickel sulphide deposit (Cosmos Nickel Project). After a brief review of the published work bench top leach tests were conducted to examine the factors which impact the kinetics of nickel sulphide leaching such as particle size, temperature, acid strength and type, concentration of copper sulphate and sodium chloride, and oxygen partial pressure. The effect of sodium chloride was considered due to the common occurrence of hyper saline water at West Australian nickel sulphide mine sites. Ultrafine grinding to an 80% passing size of 10 µm resulted in high nickel leaching efficiency. Moreover, higher concentrations of acid, copper(II) and sodium chloride also gave higher nickel and cobalt leaching efficiencies but arsenic precipitated as FeAsO4. Under the most suitable conditions the extractions of nickel, cobalt and arsenic at 90oC after 6 hours were >95%, 90% and <5%, respectively. The comparison with results from high pressure operations indicates the possibility of using a hydrometallurgical flowsheet based on fine grinding and atmospheric pressure leaching and warrants further investigations.

Jan 1, 2014

The introduction consists of back-ground information, of an historical and statistical nature, relating to the Thompson mine. The geological presentation is based on illustrations that are intended to provide a progressively closer look at the ore occurrence. The illustrations consist of an index map, a geological map of a 15-by 85-mile area including the Thompson mine, a series of four maps dealing with the geophysics and geology of a 6-by 4\f.j-mile area at Thompson, a mine level plan and corresponding section, two sto11e 11lans and corresponding sections, and photo-graphs and photomicrogra11hs of the various one types. T HE Thompson mine is located about 400 miles due north of Winnipeg. The ore deposit was dis-covered in February, 1956. Five years later on March 25, 1961, the Thompson production facilities were officially dedicated with the shearing of the first nickel produced at the Thompson refinery. Full production, at an annual rate of more than 75,000,000 lbs. of refined nickel, was attained later in the year.

Jan 1, 1963

By A. G. Roach

HISTORY AND LOCATION SEAL HARBOR GOLD MINES, LIMITED, was incorporated in January, 1934, to take over 116 acres of mining lands in the Stormont gold district, Guysboro county, Nova Scotia. The nearby ten-stamp Mulgrave mill was also purchased, and since that time 974 acres of adjoining properties have been secured from the Government by direct lease. The property is served by a motor road and is about two miles from the village of Goldboro, situated on the shore of Isaac&apos;s harbour. The bulk of ?the supplies are brought in by coastal steamer from Halifax, a distance of about 100 miles, since the nearest railway connections are at Antigonish, some 40 miles distant. EARLYY WORK The Seal Harbor properties include the old Partington and Beaver Hat mines. A small tonnage of ore was mined from each and treated on the properties in stamp mills, which were later torn. down . A survey of old records shows that this ore averaged about $8.00 gold per ton. Development work by the present Company was confined to the 100-foot level until February, 1935, but after that rime the incline shaft was deepened to 425 feet and the 300-foot level was explored east and west of the shaft. Six belts of ore were intersected to the west of the shaft. The ore from these belts was hand sorted and the ore portion was put through the 10-stamp Mulgrave mill to defray operating expenses and to serve as a sample of the deposits. The average recovery per ton from this sorted ore was $6.10. Samples of the ore were sent to the testing laboratories of the Mines Branch, at Ottawa, and of Canadian Industries, Limited, at Toronto. Recommendations from both of these authorities were for removal of the coarse gold by concentration and barrel amalgamation, followed by cyanidation of the residue.

Jan 1, 1937

By Brad Ross

? Value in number of children ? Polygamy common ? Support of extended family and friends ? HIV/AIDS ? Not a culture of savings ? Minimal mechanical experience ? Supportive ? Unintended hindrance ? Mining claims ? Export Permits Lack of funding

May 1, 2011

By J. F. Wright

INTRODUCTION Eighteen years ago about half a dozen experienced prospectors moved from northern Ontario to northwest Manitoba to prospect &apos;greenstone&apos; areas shown on geological maps of .parts of northern Manitoba prepared by J. B. Tyrrell, D. B. Dowling, and Wm. Mclnnes. Gold-bearing quartz was soon discovered by these men in this new field, and in succeeding years many more prospectors entered the district. A number of the pioneers are still prospecting, and since 1913 mineral deposits have been discovered each year in widely separated areas of the large district extending 150 miles eastward from the 102nd meridian and 60 miles north of latitude 54°30&apos;. The majority of the discoveries, however, have been made near Schist, Elbow, Wekusko, and Kississing lakes. One hundred or more mineral occurrences of some merit are known, the main types being sulphide replacement bodies containing nickel-copper or copper-zinc and gold-bearing quartz veins. Some underground exploration or diamond drilling has been completed on 25 or more of the prospects. Up to the present, three ore-bodies, namely, Flin Flon, Sherritt-Gordon, and Mandy, have been proved. Of these, Flin Flon, the largest, is estimated to contain from 16,000,000 o 19,000,000 tons of copper-zinc ore carrying some gold, silver, and lead. Next in importance in regard to tonnage is Sherritt-Gordon, with a calculated reserve of nearly 5,250,000 tons of copper-zinc ore carrying less than $1.00 combined gold and silver.

Jan 1, 1931

By Karl J. C. Harries

"6.1. INTRODUCTIONThis chapter comments on some of the more common types of agreements related to property examination and acquisition, other than the farm-in/joint venture agreement or common undertaking, which is dealt with in the next two chapters. Many of the comments made in Part IV of Chapter 4 apply equally to any such agreement. In addition, many of the comments in Chapter 8 and the examples in Volume II are most certainly relevant to many other types of agreement.6.2. RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL1A right of first refusal is a right that obligates an owner to offer his property, or an interest therein, to the holder of the first right if the owner intends to sell or otherwise dispose of it. It may be triggered either by the owner wishing to offer his property for sale or by receipt of a bona fide offer to purchase his interest from an “outside” third party. The mechanics and procedures to implement a first right should be set out clearly in the agreement, and their basics are the same, whether the first right is a stand-alone document or is part of an acquisition agreement.2Rights of first refusal are common in agreements to permit some control over the disposition of an interest and there they can be a valuable provision. However, some explorationists feel that they are also a good stand-alone agreement to have while a property is being evaluated to decide whether or not it is worth optioning. The reasoning is that such an arrangement will tie up the property to allow a quick look and, if the property looks interesting, the balance of the term of the first right will give an ample exclusive period of time to negotiate with the owner and settle an acquisition agreement. In addition, the explorationist is protected by the first right if the owner decides to negotiate a deal with another party."

Jan 1, 2003

By L. Kilburn

"A survey of 281 mineral exploration agreements examines the ratios among three ways that may be used to purchase an interest in a mineral property, viz: pay cash, pay shares and make future expenditures on the property.The dollar value of the future expenditures exceeds that of cash or shares by about nine times in most of the 110 agreements that contain cash-expenditure or share-expenditure components. Results suggest that cash and shares are treated about the same in terms of value.Buyers and sellers have opposing priorities for the way that they prefer to purchase a mineral property. These opposing priorities should give rise to a perceived 50:50 balance between cash/share payment and future expenditures to satisfy the idealized situation described by most definitions of fair market value (FMV). This balance between cash/share payments and future expenditures appears to be rationalized in negotiations to a FMV when expenditures are nine times greater than cash and/or payments.On this basis, it is proposed that the FMV of a property may be determined by aggregating the dollar amount of the cash/share payments plus one-ninth the dollar value of future expenditures, as set forth in the respective purchase agreement, and proportionately applying such aggregate to full property value."

Jan 1, 2005

"8.1. IntroductionThe stoichiometry of most named platinum-group minerals (POM) is known (cf. Cabri, 1981b, in Chapter 7), but, because these minerals are subject to a wide range of element substitutions, representative analyses require treatment in a separate chapter (section 8.2). The analyses, in all cases done by electron microprobe, are grouped in sections according to the principal platinum-group element (POE) for each POM, and then follow sequentially with increasing amounts of the principal POE starting with the ideal composition, when known. In order to facilitate reference to specific POM by name, an alphabetical listing is also given (Table 8.1). A range of compositions, in addition to one or several ""representative"" analyses, is given for some POM when more than one analysis has been reported for a particular locality. The tables of POM analyses (Tables 8.2 to 8. 76) include at least one analysis for every locality for which data have been published, to the best of the authors' knowledge. All analyses are referenced for locality and publication source, and include several unpublished analyses (all but one done at CANMET). Most analyses have been rounded off to one decimal place for amounts more than one per cent and their formulae calculated on the basis of an even number of total atoms. In all tables, ''n.d.'' stands for elements sought for but not detected and a dash signifies elements not sought, or when these haven't been specificed in the publication source.Section 8.3 contains tabulated analyses and, in some cases, also includes a critical assessment of POE-bearing minerals in which the POE occur in trace or minor quantities. The organization of the data in this section is by mineral groups; e.g., sulphides, sulpharsenides, silicates, etc. Some of these data are also discussed in Chapter 4 by Crocket (1981) and are discussed briefly in Chapter 6 by Crocket and Cabri (1981)."

Jan 1, 1979

By James D. Bamburak

Total mineral production in Manitoba has averaged C$1 billion over the past ten years. Industrial mineral production has comprised almost 10% of the total, with more than half coming from the aggregate sector. In southeastern Manitoba, tantalum, spodumene and amblygonite concentrates, cesium and rubidium ores, cesium formate, dimension stone and sphagnum peat moss are produced. Gypsum, high-calcium limestone and lime are produced in the Interlake area. Early industrial mineral production consisted of tools and implements, salt and pottery. Historical production has included: salt, building stone, aggregate, lime and dolime, lignite coal, gypsum, natural and Portland cement, calcium bentonite, brick, light-weight aggregate, caustic soda and soda ash, and silica sand. Future industrial mineral production may come from reactivated quarries, pits and wells or from new producers of current commodities. Newproducts may include: stainless steel master alloy, silicon metal, titanium and magnetite, lithium carbonate, float-plate glass and ferrosilicon, "marble" dimension stone, magnesium metal, potash and kaolin.

Jan 1, 2001

By J. Forster, C. A. Pickles, Mackowiak. K.

The future development of nickel laterite deposits is crucial with regards to satisfying impending nickel demands. The commercial implementation of new hydro/pyrometallurgical processes in recent years has led to significant improvements in the extraction of nickel from the laterite ores. One potential alternative pyrometallurgical processing route would be to selectively reduce the nickel and produce a concentrate with nickel contents similar to those attainable in the conventional flotation of sulphide ores. However, even bench scale studies have not yet been able to produce a high grade (>15% nickel) concentrate from a low grade laterite ore. The present research involved the microwave vacuum reduction roasting of a nickel laterite ore to yield a high grade concentrate, rich in nickel. Firstly, the effects of temperature and pressure on the nickel grade and recovery were investigated using a thermodynamic model. Secondly, briquettes containing a mixture of charcoal and a low grade silicate nickel laterite ore were reacted in a microwave vacuum system. The experimental variables studied were the input microwave energy, pressure and absorbed microwave power. Thirdly, the ferronickel in the reacted briquette was concentrated by magnetic separation and nickel grades of up to 21% could be achieved.

Jan 1, 2015

By Anna Maria Venezia

Bimetallic Au-Pd catalysts supported on amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) with vary amount of alumina (0, 8, 14, 28 and 100%) were prepared by the simultaneous reduction of palladium and gold precursors by ethanol in the presence of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated formation of alloyed Au-Pd particles. Ammonia temperature programmed desorption measurements were performed to monitor the acid strength and the amount of acid sites on the catalysts after their reduction with 10%H2/Ar at 573 K for 1h. The effect of the support acidity on the catalytic activity was investigated in the simultaneous hydrogenation (HYD) of toluene (T) and naphthalene (NP) in the presence of dibenzothiophene (DBT). Coke formation was also determined. Under the selected conditions (P = 5.0 MPa, T = 523 K, WHSV = 41.2 h-1), all the catalysts were resistant to poisoning with 113 ppm of S (as DBT). The hydrogenation activity of toluene and the HDS activity of DBT were found to correlate with the concentration of the medium strength acid sites. The enhancement of the HYD activity and the S- tolerance was related to modifications of the electronic properties of the metal atom upon interaction with the Brönsted acid sites and upon intermetallic interaction.

Oct 1, 2003