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By K. C. Sclater

GAS as a factor in the efficiency of oil production, might be a better title for this paper as it deals in general with the significance of the gas-oil ratio as an index of the efficiency of oil production and briefly discusses oil production methods with reference to the gas-oil ratio in wells, particularly during the early life of a field. In the recent hearings held at Washington before the Federal Oil Conservation Board the fuller utilization of the energy contained in the gas occluded in or associated with the oil underground was stressed by some of the speakers when referring to greater ultimate recovery of oil. One speaker commenting on this point said in part, "There is ample evidence indicative that if the gas associated with the petroleum in our fields were conserved and elevated gas pressure maintained in the oil sands during their productive life, the ultimate production of oil could be greatly increased."

Jan 1, 1926

By John Mills

THREE case histories from professions other than engineering will serve to introduce ideas basic to this discussion. Case (1) Date, about 1900. A young man, B. D. from a three-year graduate course in a prominent divinity school, was for two years a successful pastor of a small church; then friction over theological matters arose with a fundamentalist deacon of the "Bible belt" type. He resigned, returned to his university for a four-year medical course, interned for two more, and thereafter was successful and apparently happy as a physician. We may assume that he was converted in early adolescence and vowed himself to service as a minister. Acceptance of his announced career by parents, friends, and teachers plus his own determination confirmed his choice until illiberal criticism threatened his usefulness and he awoke to the fact that his inner needs were not along the direction in which inertia and his conscience had constrained him.

Jan 1, 1947

Prof. J. C. BRanner, Stanford University, Cal. (communication to the Secretary): On p. 398, Mr. Hedburg mentions Marionite and Brannerite as ores of zinc. Neither of these has been authoritatively recognized as a distinct mineral species. Marionite, originally described by Elderhorst, was subsequently determined to be nothing else than hydrozincite. Analyses of the so-called Brannerite were sent by me to Prof. Penfield, who says it is a mixture of Smithsonite with some other mineral. On p. 398, Mr. Hedburg says the zinc-bearing formation of North Arkansas " is recognized as the Upper Silurian." So far as my observation goes, the ores occur both in Lower Carboniferous and in Ordovician or Lower Silurian rocks, but nowhere in rocks known to be of Upper Silurian age. If Mr. Hedburg has any paleontological evidence of the Upper Silurian age of these rocks, or of any of them, he will confer a favor upon geologists by making it known. On the same page is another statement in which I cannot concur. He says that in this region, " it can easily be seen that the largest fissure-deposits have been eroded and washed away, leaving here and there a few patches adhering to the hillsides." I am compelled to say that in many years' study of the geology of the region in question, I have never been able to recognize such a state of affairs as Mr. Hedburg here describes. The patches which he regards as remnants of fissure-veins, " adhering to the hillsides," I have found to be either the edges of bedded deposits, or portions of the zinc-bearing breccias, formed along old drainage-lines, and laid bare by the ordinary processes of erosion. That fissure-deposits have been partly removed by the same agency, goes without saying; but it is, in ,my judgment, no more true of North Arkansas than of any other mining-region that erosion has selected and washed away " the largest " deposits. My own views of the region in question are given in detail

Jan 1, 1902

Jan 1, 1894

By Raul Ramirez

Jan 1, 1983

UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA University, Ala Mining and Metallurgical Society G T Bator UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA College, Alaska Mining Society Earl H Beistline-

Jan 1, 1952

Jan 1, 1905

Jan 1, 1918

By V. F. Zackay, J. F. Carlson

CURRENT experimental work on the development of gas turbine engines in the automobile industry has emphasized the need for a relatively low cost nonstrategic castable alloy for service in the 1200" to 1400°F temperature range. Ferritic steels

Jan 1, 1956

Jan 1, 1897

Jan 1, 1916

By David A. Rice

This note describes a simple, rapid technique for measuring the apparent volume and density of individual bits of porous materials such as iron ore pellets or pieces of coke. The method consists of determining the weight recorded on a balance when a particle is depressed below the surface of mercury, and calculating the apparent volume from the known density of mercury. The apparent density is calculated after weighing the particle in air. The method is particularly well suited for applications where a great number of determinations are to be made. An additional benefit is the minimal handling of the mercury. In any event, the usual recommended safety precautions should be adhered to.

Jan 1, 1982

By J. D. Vincent, Paul A. Weyler

Climax Molybdenum's plan for the Henderson 30,000 tpd molybdenite plant didn't just happen. It slowly evolved over a period of 3% years. Many plants cannot afford similar delays, but the Henderson project will take about 10 years to complete from the time the orebody was first discovered until production begins. Pilot plant testing results with both the single stage and two-stage semi-autogenous grinding circuits were highly favorable in terms of operating costs reduction-so much so, that the Amax subsidiary made the decision to go with semi-autogenous grinding for the Henderson mill.

Jan 5, 1972

By Victor Phillips

Cyclone thickeners have emerged from the development stage and now can be accepted as useful tools for the recovery of fine coal from a preparation plant circulating water. As primary thickeners in a closed water circuit operation, their advantages over conventional thickening methods are twofold-the lower initial investment and reduced area requirements.

Jan 8, 1951

Executive SIDNEY J. JENNINGS, Chairman GEORGE D. BARRON J. E. JOHNSON, JR. EDWIN LUDLOW ROBERT M. RAYMOND Membership KARL FILERS, Chairman LEWIS W. FRANCIS J. E. JOHNSON, JR. LOUIS D. HUNTOON ARTHUR L. WALKER Finance GEORGE D. BARRON, Chairman CHARLES F. RAND BENJAMIN B. THAYER Library E. GYBBON SPILSBURY,1 Chairman ALEX C. HUMPHREYS3 GEORGE C. STONE 2 J. H. JANEWAY4 BRADLEY STOUGHTON

Jan 5, 1918

By Freeman Bishop

Elburt F. Osborn's scholarly look doesn't prevent his keen insight into human beings and practical affairs of the world from coming through strong and clear, as it did in an exclusive interview with this reporter a half-hour after Dr. Osborn was sworn in as director of Interior's Bureau of Mines. An internationally recognized authority on geology and mineral resource development, Dr. Osborn won his Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology. Since 1959, he has been vice president for research at Pennsylvania State University, where he originally joined the staff as professor of geochemistry in 1946 and also served for six years as dean of the College of Mineral Industries.

Jan 1, 1971

By Lawrence Adler

The authors are to be complimented on using a novel and potentially helpful technique to analyze the effects of mine roof trusses. However, some criticisms of their application and analysis seem appropriate to further its acceptance. This discussion will deal with the normal structural analysis format covering: 1) material, 2) load, 3) structure, and 4) analysis. It will then briefly review the testing procedures and finally cover miscellaneous items.

Jan 12, 1978

By Persifor Frazer

There is always a difficulty in assigning limits to the scope of a science or art, and among the dificulties of that kind besetting practical or stratigraphical geology is that of determining what kinds of natural objects shall be considered as the goals of its search. The term mineral, in its broader sense, includes every solid, liquid, or