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By D. Xia

Pt-Bi intermetallic Nanoparticles was prepared by the polymer-anchor method. The electron micrographs shows that the dimensions of particles sharply distribute in the range of about 3-6 nm. The elemental ratio of Pt/Bi in the bimetallic particles is estimated by the electron probe microanalysis method. Pt-Bi intermetallic Nanoparticles shows a higher activity for the ORR than pure Pt. No significant dependence of the oxidation currents on the rotating speed of the electrode could be observed in the presence of methanol. This clearly indicates that the Pt-Bi is inactive to methanol.

Jan 1, 2005

By G Anders

The effectiveness of two types of powder used in long-wall slashing was compared. The evaluation of the results can serve as a good example of how the application of statistical methods to underground test data can help to minimize the number of tests to be carried out. The conclusions are stated concisely, including a definite assessment of the reliability of the tests. Introduction AN assignment at the Algom Nordic mine called for a performance comparison between 70 per cent Cilgel B and 75 per cent Dygel in longwall stope slashing, particularly taking into account, in both cases, the build-up of bootlegs as dependent on hole deviation. Stopes were usually 8 to 10 ft. high and inclined at about 17 degrees. Starting from a raise, they were widened by consecutive longwall slashes to 60 ft., and, al-lowing for drift pillars, were approximately 300 ft. in length along the incline.

Jan 1, 1964

By Premil Agarwal, Alok R. Patnaik, Pulak Dhar, Prakash C. Patnaik

In this study, a physics based model has been presented, considering the growth of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer on the bond coating of a thermal barrier coating. Using diffusion equations, a model has been developed to physically describe the oxidation process. The mathematical equations representing the diffusion formulations have been solved numerically. The computed results show the depletion of Al in the bond coating as it diffuses both towards the super-alloy substrate and towards the TGO produced in between the bond coating and the ceramic TBC top layer.

Jan 1, 2004

By L. Contretras

This study has as an objective to analyze and to propose actions to improve the quantity and quality of the graduate education in the area of mining industry, specifically of mining engineers, metallurgists, geologists, to satisfy the expectations of professionals in the mining industry. Included are an analysis of the present scenario and the future demands in countries like Chile and proposed plans for the Establishment of Educational Initiatives, country policies and market forecast, vis-a-vis the experience of Australia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America.

Jan 1, 2007

The PEMAC Commitment to World Class Industry in Canada The Plant Engineering and Maintenance Association of Canada PEMAC is a national, not-for-profit industry and technical association for plant and facility maintenance, engineering and physical asset management practitioners and professionals. Founded mid 80?s in the last century PEMAC is a knowledge based organization that focuses on sharing knowledge with our members and the profession. We provide education and professional development programs and certification for maintenance practitioners and professionals. We develop, produce and participate in conferences, seminars and trade shows.

May 1, 2008

By T. Maruyama

Tamano Refinery started its operation in 1972 with the cathode production capacity of 84,000 tons per year. After several expansions, the production capacity increased to 228,000 tons per year in 2001. In this paper, we are introducing our next expansion projects starting October 2006. The project expands the production capacity of cathode from 228,000 tons to 260,000 tons per year. The main modification of this project is the conversion to the ISA process and the installation of additional seventy-two cells in the No.2 Tankhouse. The No.1 Tankhouse remains the same, using the conventional process. Half of our starting sheet cells are converted to commercial cells. The other expansions are to enlarge our purification plant. And the incidental facilities are enlarged, for example, circulation tanks, heat exchangers, filtration system, etc. Finally, this paper describes those improvements to our refinery performance and preparing for future expansions.

Jan 1, 2007

By Ming’an Wei, Qifu Duan, Chengtie Wang, Jianmin Wu, Erdenet Mining Corporation, Lusheng Zhou, Wenjian Wu

"The development and industrial applications of magnetic liners have been around for decades. A Swedish company SKEGA first introduced the rubber magnetic liner, and then followed by the Chinese metal magnetic liners. Traditionally, both liners were used in secondary and regrind ball mills, especially for ores containing magnetic materials. Mostly steel balls or equivalent forged balls, usually below 60 mm in diameter, were used as grinding media. With the development of mineral resources over the years, SAG mills and larger ball mills have become the dominating components for comminution circuit design globally. Due to the larger ball mills and thus larger grinding balls (up to 80 mm) especially in non-ferrous metal industry, the application of magnetic liners has been very limited. Based on the new development of materials, the HMR Group Limited has been exploring new designs of magnetic liners which led to the invention of the Nano Steel Magnetic Liner (NSML). Recently, NSML had a successful application in a 5.5m x 6.5m ball mill with 80 mm balls at the Erdenet Copper Mine in Mongolia. Although the first set of liner had a service life of 12 months, the design of the second set was modified and improved to accommodate the operating conditions, which is expected to reach least 24 months service life. The original manganese steel liner only had about 8 months liner life.1. IntroductionMineral processing is an essential operation for the development and utilization of mineral resources. The effective concentration of various useful minerals depends on sufficient liberation of the mineral particles in the ore. The crushing and grinding process such as ball milling are the most common way to achieve proper liberation size. Mill liner is an eternal topic for the operations, not only because it protects the equipment, but also affects the mill grinding efficiency and availability. In recent years, magnetic mill liners have been developed that can easily meet the production targets with numerous benefits, such as zero maintenance, reducing specific energy consumption and improving grinding efficiency."

Jan 1, 2016

By Edouard Masengo

A long dyke will be constructed in a lake with rockfill placed by end dumping method. Its crest will be at elevation 521.5 m compared to the nominal lake level at 520 m. In the first portion, its height will vary from 1.5 m on a 35.1 m thick tailings layer to 18.3 m on about 0.5 m of tailings. In the second portion, the dyke will be built on native silty clay and will vary from 18.3 to 15.2 m in height. The tailings consist in stratified layers of fine-grained soils showing lateral and vertical segregation. The tailings are compressible and may develop excess pore water pressure on loading. The tailings overlie a thin layer of relatively soft native silty clay. The till beneath the silty clay is considered incompressible compared to the material above. After construction, as the tailings and silty clay consolidate, pore water pressures will dissipate and dyke stability will improve. Since dyke stability will increase with time, the primary concern is its stability during construction. As a result of construction activities, three potential modes of failure were identified and recommendations were provided regarding the measures that should be undertaken to increase dyke stability during construction.

May 1, 2003

Falling asleep at the wheel of a moving vehicle is not only dangerous but avoidable. It is implicated in up to 30% of all road fatalities in general and up to 65% of mining incidents involving haulage trucks. These types of crashes normally result in serious injury and/or fatality due to the lack of breaking that occurs. However, when a 300 tonne haul truck has a sleep related crash it is not only the safety of the driver that has a high price but also the commercial impact on the mines? productivity and efficiency. We have been developing our ASTiD technology which stands for the Advisory System for Tired Drivers to seamlessly integrate in to Modular Mining?s Dispatch system to provide real-time early warning fatigue risk management. The benefits being driver shift optimisation, sustained productivity and of course less accidents. By monitoring the drivers alertness levels in real-time using ASTID, the Dispatcher becomes empowered to make critical, management decisions that will ultimately prevent serious injury or loss of life and the driver gets to stop when he needs to and not just when he is supposed to. This paper shows how this integrated solutions works.

May 1, 2011

By Par G. Jönsson, Joachim von Scheele, D. S. Sarma, Mukul Goyal

Dust from flue gas cleaning systems at iron and steel production is frequently considered as a waste problem, but it is actually a potential raw material source. By using a technology like the oxyfuel based OXYFINES technique, it can be melted into a suitable form. The product from this processing, however, needs to meet the requirements of a recyclable raw material, here particularly a top-charged blast furnace feed. The present work has been focused on characterization of the product produced from these dusts by OXYFINES technology. The investigation has been carried out on samples of processed dusts from a European integrated steel mill. It was done by means of chemical analysis, density measurement, light optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and micro indention hardness measurement. Special attention was paid to the presence of zinc, an element that might be harmful while recycling the material (e.g., in a blast furnace). The results show that the product contains four different regions with different morphologies and properties in the material, which are discussed in detail. The overall conclusion is that by processing the dusts in this way, a raw material suitable for recycling in a blast furnace can be obtained.

Jan 1, 2004

By Timothy D. Dreger

In the spring of 2009, Suncor Energy Inc. technical personnel saw an opportunity to improve planning 0and mining of overburden material in order to address aggressive construction goals and increased mining complexity. By tying together current and historical equipment performance, geological model information, and material observation in the field new operating elevations for the shovels were developed. At the same time, methodology of recording and reporting overburden movement through the Modular Mining DISPATCH system was changed. The result of this first stage of improvements was an increase in construction-grade material available at the face. The personnel involved realized that other opportunities were available to build on the initial successes and establish processes that would stand up to attrition and experience levels. A cross-functional technical team was assembled to identify ways of further improving workflows around overburden mining. Some of the opportunities realized include greater alignment between planning, reporting and operations as well as development of reporting tools that help steward Mine Operations to the plan. All of which have resulted in Suncor meeting or beating its forecast overburden targets. The cross-functional technical team continues to seek out new and better ways of doing business so Suncor can continue to deliver on its commitment of outstanding performance and results.

May 1, 2011

"These guidelines, implemented in 2003, were recommended by the Diamond Exploration Best Practices Committee established by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. The guidelines are applicable to public companies and their consultants reporting diamond exploration results.“The guidelines are referenced in the Companion Policy of NI 43-101 with a statement that disclosure regarding the reporting of diamond exploration sampling results should conform to them.”Reporting GuidelinesThe following guidelines have been recommended by the Diamond Exploration Best Practices Committee established by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. These guidelines are applicable to public companies and their consultants reporting diamond exploration results.In respect of these guidelines, Diamond Exploration Results are results derived from the initial activities undertaken to investigate a diamond bearing prospect or deposit, to generate tonnage, grade and value estimates that cannot be classified as a Mineral Resource or Mineral Reserve. They do not address the earlier stage reporting of geophysical, geochemical or kimberlite indicator mineral results.Public reports of Diamond Exploration Results relating to mineralization not classified as Mineral Resource or Mineral Reserve must address the confidence limits of the result and contain sufficient information to allow a considered and balanced judgement of the significance of the results.The objective of these guidelines is to assist public companies and consultants in making appropriate disclosure of diamond exploration results by reporting in a manner which is:Uniform within the diamond exploration industry; Consistent with reporting from other industry sectors .Comprehensive .Unambiguous .The guidelines are not prescriptive. Materiality is the overriding principle that determines the information that should be disclosed. However, where a company or consultant deviates from the guidelines, the disclosure or technical report should state the extent to which the guidelines have not been followed, and the reasons for the deviation.The guidelines do not in any way replace jurisdictional reporting requirements (For example, the requirement for Canadian reporting issuers to comply with Canadian Securities Administrators National Instrument 43-101 by having technical disclosure endorsed by a Qualified Person as defined in that legislation)."

Jan 1, 2003

"In 2000 the CIM Council approved the CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves – Definitions and Guidelines, developed by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions. The Definition Standards established definitions and guidelines for the reporting of exploration information, mineral resources and mineral reserves in Canada. The Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve definitions are incorporated, by reference, in National Instrument 43-101, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, which came into force in Canada in February 2001 and was amended in December 2005.CIM DEFINITION STANDARDS- For Mineral Resources and Mineral ReservesPrepared by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve DefinitionsAdopted by CIM Council on December 11, 2005FOREWORDCIM Council, on August 20, 2000, approved the ""CIM Standards on Mineral Resources andReserves - Definitions and Guidelines,"" developed by the CIM Standing Committee on ReserveDefinitions. The CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves (CIM DefinitionStandards) establish definitions and guidelines for the reporting of exploration information,mineral resources and mineral reserves in Canada. The Mineral Resource and Mineral Reservedefinitions were incorporated, by reference, in National Instrument 43-101 - Standards ofDisclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101), which became effective February 1, 2001.At the August 20, 2000 Council meeting a new CIM Standing Committee on ReserveDefinitions was established consisting of the following: John Postle, Bernie Haystead, LarryCochrane, Normand Champigny, Mike Hoffman, Colin McKenny, Jack Mullins, Phil Olson,Fred Payne, Jody Todd and Joe Ringwald.Subsequent to the publishing of the August 20, 2000 CIM Standards on Mineral Resourcesand Reserves, various CIM committees have compiled and published more extensivedocumentation on mining industry standard practices for estimating Mineral Resources andMineral Reserves. These standard practices provide more detailed guidance than that containedin the August 20, 2000 CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves. On November 14,2004 CIM Council adopted an update to the CIM Definition Standards to reflect the moredetailed guidance available and effect certain editorial changes required to maintain consistencywith current regulations. This version of the CIM Definition Standards includes further editorialchanges required to maintain compatibility with the new version of National Instrument 43-101which is expected to become law at the end of 2005. The CIM Definition Standards can beviewed on the CIM website at www.cim.org."

Jan 1, 2003

By Richard Morland

The Ekati Safety Guarantee is a conversation that has been taking place at Ekati for the last two years. It is a challenging, confronting, inspiring conversation which encourages people to see and pursue the possibility of guaranteeing that nobody who works at Ekati will be seriously injured or killed at work. The conversation takes us out of the normal, incremental approach to safety improvement; it takes us out of the world of striving, of seeking, of trying, and allows us to stand in, and be a stand for the future possibility of Zero Harm. It requires an unreasonable stand for, and commitment to, our own safety and the safety of our colleagues. A Powerful Conversation The safety guarantee began with conversations between executive team members and has been propagated regularly through the line through management meetings, pre-shift meetings, during workplace inspections, job safety observations, job and project planning, orientation and induction sessions, and when opportunities present themselves. This is a conversation that continues outside of Ekati with family, with government, with community members. It is a stand for safety as a value. The conversation about the safety guarantee is now pervasive at Ekati and forms part of a framework of initiatives that have led to sustained improvement in safety performance. During the last two years, the recordable injury frequency at Ekati has dropped to its lowest level in Ekati?s history. At the same time, job safety observations have increased from 500 per month to 4000 per month, whilst the overall number of people at Ekati has reduced by 30%. It has led to new ways of thinking about the conduct of operations. It influenced the 2008 upgrade of the Ekati process plant, resulting in the development and implementation of a crane lift protocol that eliminated injuries during over 100 lifts in two weeks, in an area of difficult geometry and with multiple entrances. It created space to successfully conduct a challenging commissioning period for the process plant crusher, during which time the machine was disassembled and reassembled several times, without incident or injury. No production pressure was permitted to interfere with this work, in line with our stated aim that we wanted everyone involved to guarantee that they would not be seriously injured or killed?our people had the space to do the work at a pace, and in a way, that guaranteed this outcome.

May 1, 2010

By Roger Reed

It is well known that the performance and carbon emissions associated with the modern gas turbine engine depend critically upon the properties of the nickel-based superalloys, particularly those used in single crystal form. However, the design of all alloys in current use has been essentially empirical, or at best heavily reliant upon regression/neural network analysis of experimental datasets. In this paper, alloy design approaches [1] are described which are able to identify new alloy composition spaces which are worthy of experimental study. It is shown that a large amount of design data can be generated, which can be interpreted in different ways. Of course, the success of the approach depends heavily upon the accuracy of the underlying sub-models. Estimates of the creep resistance, cost, castability, density and oxidation resistance are made. It is demonstrated that these methods allow quantitative trade-offs to be made between the properties of interest.

Jan 1, 2010

By J. E. Nesset

The past 50 years have been a golden era, not just for the CMP but also for the development and success of Canadian technologies in the field of mineral processing. The CMP has played a critical role of technology transfer agent, and the success of these technologies is also linked to the success of the CMP itself. The presentation will cover, in brief, the growth of the CMP from its origins as the Canadian Gold Metallurgists in 1964, with some 39 attendees, to the present day when the annual meeting sees 500 and more from a dozen countries. Also covered will be selected technology success stories from the 50th anniversary volume to be given to all delegates ‘Canadian Contributions to Mineral Processing Technology 1968-2018’. The volume itself highlights some 40 technologies that have been divided into five categories; process water treatment and minesite environment, technology innovations, innovations in operations, technology providers and university contributions. Some international perspectives will also be shared.

Jan 1, 2018

By M. Xiao Bo

In recent years, there has been a heightened interest in the hydrometallurgical processing of sulfide ores and concentrates (especially copper sulfide ores and concentrates) mostly in the USA and Chile. Currently, hydrometallurgical operations account for about 30% of the primary copper production. In the present research, the leaching phenomena of IOCG (iron-oxide hosted copper-gold) ores and concentrates were studied. The IOCG ore, which is characterized as having a predominant amount of magnetite with fine chalcopyrite, is currently the center of attention for new copper resources. Heap leaching of IOCG ore is desirable because of its low cost. However, the leaching characteristics of the ores and concentrates and the mechanisms of copper leaching require investigation. This study defines the factors, which affect the leaching operation, such as the ORP, pH and oxidizing agents. Based on these results, the optimal leaching conditions are provided for pilot column leaching test and ultimately, commercial operations.

Jan 1, 2007

By C. Sartain

In recent years market pressures have been building on companies to develop the next era of mining projects to follow the previous boom in copper projects of the mid 90's. However the response from the industry has been slow in coming, and somewhat muted. It is clear that there simply have not been the obvious quality projects waiting to be rapidly developed. Many of the known undeveloped copper projects have particular characteristics that have previously prevented their development, including mineralogical complexity in the ore bodies, environmental challenges or particularly difficult geographic locations. This paper describes how the Copper Division of an international mining company, Xstrata plc, is preparing to progressively develop an impressive pipeline of projects, armed with an array of proprietary technologies and with a strong approach towards sustainable development and community engagement. The approach being taken is enabling Xstrata to complement its acquisitive corporate philosophy with a management emphasis on project development and operational optimization and enhancement.

Jan 1, 2007

By Jucheng Wang

Unplanned open stope dilution is a major cost factor for many mining operations, even though significant advances in empirical and analytical approaches for estimating stope dilution have been made. Many factors that influence hanging wall dilution are still either ignored or assessed in purely subjective terms. Undercutting the stope hanging wall on both the overcut and undercut development are well recognized factors which contribute to hanging wall instability and dilution. In many mines, undercutting the hanging wall breaks the integrity of the rock mass that may form along continuous foliation or bedding planes parallel to the stope hanging wall contact, reducing stability. This undercutting also increases the zone of destressed or relaxed rock that may potentially fall into the open stope as dilution. An approach is introduced for quantifying the effect of undercutting on potential stope dilution. An extensive database of stope case histories has been collected to look at dilution from Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting operations (HBMS) in Flin Flon.

May 1, 2002

By S. Afshar, C. Allaire

Several studied have recently shown that the use of non-wetting additives is not always a sufficient solution to improve the corrosion resistance of refractories against molten aluminum. Once in contact with liquid aluminum, the coarse aluminosilicate aggregates, which do not benefit from the protective effect of non-wetting additives in the matrix, may be corroded. In some cases, the corrosion of aggregates, especially those containing a significant amount of free silica and/or alkalis, promotes corrosion in the surrounding matrix. The present work explores the possibility to protect the poor corrosion resistant aggregates via a lining procedure. A slip casting method, using either alumina or celsian-like composition based slurries, has been applied for lining of a series of aggregates. The results from this study show that such linings may prevent efficiently the corrosion of aluminosilicate aggregates. This work also analyzes the effects of firing temperature and lining quality on the corrosion behavior of aggregates

Jan 1, 2004