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By S. J. Pearce

One phase of the work of the Bureau of Mines in health and safety is promotion of the use of safe, satisfactory, and reliable respiratory-protective devices. To insure that such devices will be available, the Bureau has established schedules of minimum requirements for self-contained breathing apparatus,3/ gas masks,4/ supplied-air respirators (hose masks, air-line respirators, and abrasive-blasting helmets, hoods, or masks),5/ dispersoid (dust, fume, and mist) respirators,6/ and nonemergency gas respirators (chemical-cartridge respirators).7/ Approval tests of self-contained breathing apparatus are conducted under the supervision of mining engineers of the Accident Prevention and Health Division} Region VIII; approval tests of other types of respiratory-protective devices are conducted by the Health Branch.

Jan 1, 1952

By L. Thomassen, N. Spooner, J. M. Thomas

NI-CR and some Ni-Cr-Fc alloys, when used as electrical resistance heating elements in reducing atmospheres, at times suffer rapid breakdowns due to so-called "green rot." These reducing atmospheres are most frequently used in bright annealing and heat-treating furnaces which are kept for long periods of time at 1500' to 1800°F. The green rot is a preferential oxidation of the chromium in the alloy to such an extent that the remaining metal frequently becomes ferromagnetic. The Curie point (magnetic transition point) at room temperature for a pure Ni-Cr alloy is known to be at about 7 pct Cr.¹ This represents a severe loss in chromium for one popular grade of resistance alloy, which is nominally 80 pct Ni-20 pct Cr. The formation of oxides along the grain boundaries makes the ribbon brittle and gives the fracture a green, earthy appearance—hence the name. The authors have studied this phenomenon, simulating the industrial conditions by heating resistance ribbons in various reducing atmospheres, such as moist hydrogen or the atmosphere specified in the ASTM test.² This atmosphere contains 16 pct H2, 10 pct CO, 4 pct C02, 1 pct CH1, 1.5 to 2.5 pct H2O, balance N2. Little success was had in producing severe corrosion with the commercial 80 pct Ni-20 pct Cr alloys. It had been noticed, however, that 90 pct Ni-10 pct Cr alloy wires deteriorated very rapidly when placed in the bottom of narrow thermocouple protection tubes. The bottoms of the tubes with the wires were heated in air. This took place both in porcelain tubes and in Inconel* tubes either with the cold end open or loosely stoppered with asbestos. On examination the wires showed microstructures which would be classified as green-rot corrosion. Subsequent investigations with various alloy wires confirmed the observation that corrosion occurred in some wires, including 80 pct Ni-20 pct Cr alloys, much more rapidly in such tubes than had occurred previously in test atmospheres mentioned above. When 90 pct Ni-10 pct Cr alloys are oxidized with an abundant air supply, the oxide coat consists of both nickel and chromium oxides. In this case thermodynamic equilibrium between the oxides is not established. However, when oxidized 90 pct Ni-10 pct Cr alloy specimens were heated to 1500" to 1800°F inside small diameter tubes, the oxide coat transformed to a bright metallic outer layer of nickel or nickel-rich alloy, beneath which appeared a green oxide, followed by intergranularly attacked metal. The obvious explanation is that in the narrow tubes, thermodynamic equilibrium is being established according to the equation NiO + Cr (in alloy) ? Ni + Cr2O3 This reaction is favored due to the fact that the oxygen pressure over nickel oxide is more than 10"' times the oxygen pressure over the green chromium oxide. The initial oxygen in the tubes is depleted very rapidly by oxidation of the wire and of the tube, if it is metallic. A confirmation of the occurrence of the reaction, reduction of NiO by the chromium in the alloy, was obtained by putting oxidized nickel foil into an evacuated quartz tube along with a piece of bright 90 pct Ni-10 pct Cr alloy ribbon, and heating the tube at 1820°F for a number of hours. The nickel oxide on the foil was completely reduced to pure nickel, leaving a bright foil. The 90 pct Ni-10 pct Cr alloy became strongly magnetic and showed the typical green-rot structure. Weights of the samples before and after testing showed the weight loss of the foil to approximately equal the weight gain of the ribbon. Evidently the bottom of long, narrow protection tubes, stoppered or not, may under certain conditions act just as the sealed quartz tubes in respect to being a confined space in which oxygen is not freely replenished. This condition of oxygen depletion can be prevented by introducing a small amount of air into the bottom of the tube. Many conditions becloud the green-rot phenomenon, such as carburization, sulphidization, and the presence of other corrosive agents. However, these experiments have shown that the basic reaction is a case of internal oxidation which can occur simply by adjusting the oxygen pressure to a low enough level so that the atmosphere will leave the nickel intact and oxidize the chromium. The action of the other agents in commercial atmospheres can then be taken up as individual cases. From these and numerous other tests completed to date or still in progress, it is believed that a more critical evaluation of electrical resistance alloys for their resistance to green-rot corrosion can be made. A much better understanding of the mechanism for this type of corrosion should also result. A more complete report on these experiments will be published later. In the May 1953 issue: TP 35213 Discussion: Solubility of Carbon and Oxygen in Molybdenum by W. E. Few and G. K. Manning, discussion by N. A. Gokcen: p. 747, first column, the fifth, sixth, and seventh lines should be the first, second, and third lines, followed by the present first, second, third, fourth, eighth, ninth, and tenth lines.

Jan 1, 1954

By E. J. Nielsen, P. R. Strutt

A study has been made of the progressive changes in the distribution of etch-pit structures occurring during high-temperature creep in copper + 7 wt pct Al single crystals oriented with a [113] tensile axis. The two equally stressed glide systems with the highest Schmid factor would be expected to form subboundaries of the type predicted by Kear.2 The alignments of etch-pits on sections parallel to different (111} planes consistent with these types of boundaries were not observed. However, they were consistent with planar subboundaries (on a macroscopic scale). From an analysis of Amelinckx1 it may be shown that stable cross-grid dislocation boundaries may form in the primary slip planes. These boundaries form when dislocations with a Burgers vector not in the slip plane move into the plane by combination of climb and glide. THE geometry of subboundaries formed by the interaction of dislocations of two glide systems has been analyzed by Amelinckx,1 and the particular types produced by deforming fee crystals are predicted by ear.' In this paper types of boundaries which may be formed when climb as well as glide occur are discussed as this is relevant in high-temperature creep. It is assumed in the present investigation that the etch-pits observed in Cu + 7 wt pct A1 on surfaces parallel to {111} planes delineate the sites of dislocations. Although there is no direct evidence for this previous work on a-Cu/Al single crystals by Mitchell, Chevrier, Hockey, and Mon-aghan,3 would show this assumption to be reasonable. The alignments of etch-pits which form during creep are studied on sections parallel to each {111) plane. It is then deduced that these alignments are consistent with a specific type of planar subboundary. The Cu + 7 wt pct A1 single crystals had a [113] tensile axis and Fig. 1(a) shows schematically the relation of the slip planes and slip directions (as represented by tetrahedron ABCD) with reference to the tensile axis. The two equally stressed glide systems with the maximum Schmid factor namely ß-AD and (a-BD, from the analysis of Kear,2 would be expected to form the boundaries shown in Fig. l(a) and (b), also Fig. 5(a) and (b). EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The a-Cu/Al single crystals were grown and annealed in a "gettered" argon atmosphere. Chemical analysis showed the aluminum content to be uniform in each crystal and the difference between crystals was maintained to an accuracy of ± 0.25 wt pct. The initial dislocation density and mean subgrain diameter after annealing was -106 cm-2 and 250 µ, respectively. Surfaces parallel to (111) planes were produced by specially developed electrolytic machining processes. The {111} faces were next electropolished for 5 min in a solution consisting of 25 g chromium trioxide, 113 ml glacial acetic acid and 40 ml water; the applied potential was 8 v. Dislocation etch-pits were revealed using l an etchant described by 1 ml bromine, 45 ml HCl, and - 250 ml water. RESULTS In crystals strained into secondary creep at higher stresses (443 and 750 g - mm-2 at 650° C aligned rows of etch-pits parallel to slip plane traces were evident in sections parallel to the (1111, (ill), and (111) planes, see Fig. 3. As well as the longitudinal alignments in Fig. 3, well formed randomly oriented arrays indicative of an equiaxed subgrain structure are evident. At the lower stresses (100 to 230 g . mm-2) only an equiaxed structure formed during creep. The sections in Fig. 3 are from a crystal crept for 70 hr at 650°C with a CRSS of 443 g.mm-2. Two identically oriented crystals were also deformed at the same temperature and stress for 5 min and 4 hr. In the crystal crept for 5 min, the etch-pits were randomly distributed with no tendency for directional alignment, see Fig. 2(a). As shown in Fig. 2(b) aligned arrays were evident after 4 hr creep but they were not nearly so well defined as in Fig. 3. The alignments (parallel to the arrows) in Fig. 3 are consistent with the existence of boundaries in the two main slip planes a and ß. The way in which this is deduced is seen by reference to Fig. l(c), where the existence of boundaries in the a and ß planes is verified by sectioning parallel to a,ß, and d. The (111) and ß(111) planes intersect the d(111) plane along BC [101 ] and AT [011] and alignments parallel to [101] and [011] are clearly evident in Fig. 3(c) in a section parallel to the d(111) plane. Similarly the a, and ß planes in Fig. l(a) intersect each other along DC [110] and hence there will be an alignment parallel to [110 ] in sections parallel to the a-plane and the ß-plane; this is evident in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b). It is interesting to note that alignments of etch-pits consistent with the boundaries predicted by Kear2 were not observed; see Figs. l(a) and l(b). The geometry of boundaries in {111} planes as shown in Fig. l(c) is discussed later. In Fig. 4(a) the individual etch-pits are resolved and the alignments are exactly parallel to the slip trace direction [101]. However, in some areas alignments deviate away from the slip trace direction by as much as 10 to 15 deg, this is evident in Fig. 4(b), and in Fig.

Jan 1, 1969

By David L. Hill

Newmont Gold Company's Mill No. 4 is located along the Carlin trend, about 25 miles North of Carlin, Nevada. The plant consists of a primary grinding circuit using a 7.2 m (22 ft) diameter by 2.6 m (8 ft) long semi-autogenous mill along with a 2.3 m (7 ft) diameter cone crusher. Secondary grinding is performed in a 4.8 m (14.5 ft) diameter by 9.2 m (28 ft) long overflow ball mill in closed circuit with a set of 66 cm (26 in) diameter cyclones. The ground product is fed to a typical carbon-in-leach gold leach circuit. The grinding/crushing circuit operation and control scheme are the topics of this paper.

Jan 1, 1993

By Jinrong Zhang

Major components of soil were tested for their ability to attenuate cyanide. Feldspar, kaolinite, plagioclase and bauxite are found to degrade cyanide at an appreciable amount mainly through adsorption. A soil near a mining site in northern Nevada was studied in detail using a tall column. Many species of cyanide were anlyzed to determine the mechanisms of the reactions of cyanide with soil. Volatilization, adsorption, oxidation, precipitation and complexing were quantitatively identified, being 5 to 10, 11.7, 4.2, 7.3 and 4 per cent of the total cyanide added, respectively. It is found that the oxidation of cyanide to cyanate is due to the catalytic effect of nickel and copper leached from the soil. Precipitation of metal-cyanide complexes occurred at low pH values.

Jan 1, 1991

By Charlie Wyche

The principal minerals produced in the Dominion of Fiji in 1982 were unrefined gold, silver, and tellurium. The combined value of these commodities was about $16 million,2 representing over 85% of the total value of mineral output. Cement, sand and gravel, and quarry products were the other minerals produced in Fiji. Despite the small part played by minerals in Fiji's economy, exploration on land and in the coastal areas was carried out by several international mining companies representing Australian, British, Canadian, West German, and U.S. interests. At the end of 1982, 30 prospecting licenses covering 2,300 square kilometers were issued. Most licenses were for copper, zinc, gold, and silver. Total expenditure on mineral exploration was $3.5 million.

Jan 1, 1984

By Thomas J. Peters

In 1988, at the request of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Bureau of Mines studied the 5,640-acre Soda Mountain Wilderness Study Area (OR-011-017), in order to evaluate its identified mineral resources. The study area is located in Jackson County, OR, about 30 miles south-east of Medford. The study area covers most of the south-facing slope of 6,071-ft Soda Mountain. Geologically, the area is underlain by Oligocene to Pliocene basaltic andesite flows and less extensive intrusive rocks of the western Cascade Mountains. In addition, there is a 3/4-mile-diameter area of kaolinized and silicified rhyolite tuff, which appears to have intruded the andesite, and is host to epithermal gold mineralization.

Jan 1, 1989

By Robert L. Runkel, D. Kirk Nordstrom, James W. Ball

Low-flow reactive-transport processes in Wightman Fork downstream of the Summitville Mine, south-central Colorado were simulated using the OTIS and OTEQ solute-transport models. The simulation was calibrated using data from a synoptic study conducted during October, 1998. Discharge over the 8-km reach from just below the mine site to the Alamosa River confluence ranged from 0.077 to 0.17 m3/s; travel time was 10.7 hours; pH ranged from 4.6 to 5.7. Simulations revealed that mass balance for SO4 was maintained, and that pH, Fe, and Al were non-conservative. Simulations allowing hydrous ferric and aluminum oxide or hydroxysulfate precipitation matched observed water quality conditions more closely than simulations without precipitation.

Jan 1, 2000

By H. R. Babitzke

The purpose of this Bureau of Mine- investigation was to develop columbium and tantalum alloys suitable or u at elevated temperatures. Columbium and tantalum were combined with tungsten, hafnium, zirconium, molybdenum, vanadium, and titanium, and the resulting alloys were evaluated with respect to workability, hardness, electrical resistivity, strength at elevated temperatures, oxidation resistance, and weldability. Cb-33Hf-10W-10Ti, Cb-20111-5Mo, and Cb-30Hf-5Mo exhibited superior high temperature properties. Cb-33Hf-10W-10Ti had tensile strength values of 44,300 psi at 1,200° C and 16,500 psi at 1,400° C, Cb-20Hf-5Mo had values of 35,700 and 20,700 psi, respectively. The corresponding values for Cb-30Hf-5Mo were 38,900 and 17,800 psi. These alloys are fabricable by conventional methods with excellent strength at temperatures up to and including 1,400° C. An oxidation rate of 7 to 21 mg/cm2/hr was observed up to 1,000° C.

Jan 1, 1967

By Matthew E. Fowler, Jean Habimana, Roy F. Cook

The West Side CSO Tunnel, Pump Station & Pipeline Project is currently beginning construction along the downtown waterfront of Portland, Oregon. This4.3 meter diameter, 5,500 meter-long soft ground tunnel will be driven along the westbank of the Willamette River adjacent to buildings and utilities and several major pile-supported bridges. High groundwater pressure, extended lengths of gravel to cobble-size alluvium, and the need to control ground loss and surface settlements were key considerations in the selection of slurry tunnel boring machines for the project This paper presents an overview of the numerical modeling that was performed during design to estimate the strains and additional loads in the pile-supported structures and to assess the efficiency of proposed mitigation measures.

Jan 1, 2003

By J. Roger Loebenstein

Demand for arsenic exceeded supply, and major domestic and foreign producers allocated available supplies to customers for the fourth consecutive year. Major demand for arsenic was about evenly divided between industrial chemicals and agricultural chemicals. Legislation and Government Programs.-Effective April 1, 1981, taxes were collected from companies producing and importing 42 chemicals and petroleum products designated as hazardous, The revenue was used to begin funding of the 5-year, $1.6 billion "superfund" being established under Public Law 96-510, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, designed to help clean up spills of hazardous substances throughout the United States. As hazardous chemicals, arsenic metal and arsenic trioxide were taxed at the rate of $4.45 and $3.41 per short ton, respectively.

Jan 1, 1982

By Zhongning Shi, Ramana G. Reddy, Min Li, Zhaowen Wang

Electrodeposition of cobalt from cobalt tetrafluoroborate (Co(BF4)2) was investigated using 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4) ionic liquid. The experiments were conducted at 353 K. Chronoamperometry experiments confirm that the electrodeposition of cobalt on tungsten electrode proceeds via three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth process. The average diffusion coefficient of Co(II) was found to be 7.5 × 10-8 cm2s-1 at 353 K, which is in good agreement with the estimated value from cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical deposit was characterized using SEM-EDS and XRD methods. The SEM image shows formation of a dense and compact deposit at - 0.75 V. The EDS and XRD analysis confirm that the obtained deposit is pure cobalt metal.

Jan 1, 2015

By Patricia Pride, Mike Robison, Jon Bergenthal, Wojciech Klecan

"The Lower and Middle River Des Peres (LMRDP) CSO Storage Tunnel is the largest single component of Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District’s (MSD) CSO control system improvements planned to meet consent decree requirements for MSD’s Lemay Service Area. The 13.7-km (8.5-mile) long, deep, hard rock tunnel will have a finished diameter of 9.1 m (30 ft). Beginning at the Lemay Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), the alignment follows the channelized River Des Peres to the outfall of the existing Forest Park tubes, as indicated in Fig. 1.The project includes three construction shafts, 34 intakes and a deep, cavern-style pump station located adjacent to the WWTP. The tunnel will be driven from the Defense Mapping shaft to the Macklind shaft. Another shaft is located near the midpoint at the tunnel in River Des Peres Park.The Forest Park intake, located at the upstream end of the tunnel just beyond the Macklind shaft, is a large, tangential vortex intake structure. With a peak flow rate of 170 m3/s (6,000 cfs), it will have a 6.1-m (20-ft) diameter dropshaft to transfer flow into the tunnel.The project includes another three large tangential vortex-flow intake structures with peak flow rates ranging from 28 to 44.5 m3/s (990 to 1,570 cfs). These large intakes are located at points where three large sewers (formerly creeks) enter the River Des Peres. Dropshaft diameters for these intakes range from 3 to 3.7 m (10 to 12 ft) in diameter. The 30 remaining intakes are smaller tangential vortex-style, with dropshafts in the range of 0.8 to 1.7 m (30 to 66 in.) in diameter.Each intake structure drops flow into a deaeration chamber constructed adjacent to the tunnel at tunnel depth. Intake tunnels transfer flow from the deaeration chambers to the main tunnel. Most of the intake tunnels are short. However, two are long. The Glaise Creek tunnel will extend 762 m (2,500 ft) from the main tunnel to the Alaska Park intake, while the Rock Creek tunnel will extend 823 m (2,700 ft) from the main tunnel to the Rock Creek intake. The dewatering pump station, located at the downstream end of the tunnel, will be built inside a large, horseshoe-shaped cavern with two access shafts. Excavation of the cavern and its access shafts will be performed by the tunnel contractor. Build-out of the dewatering pump station will be performed under separate contract."

Jun 1, 2019

By Jeff Hussey

Since 1955, Gaspe Mines has produced 150 Mt (165 million st) of ore averaging 0.9% copper. The ore was mined from two open pits and from underground workings. In 1994, four exploration drill holes discovered a buried porphyry/skarn copper-molybdenum (Cu-Mo) deposit at depths of between 1,000 and 1,700 m (3,280 and 5,580 ft) below the top of Porphyry Mountain. The mineralization and alteration associated with the Porphyry Mountain quartz monzonite does not outcrop. Prior to 1997, about 19,500 m (64,000 ft) of drilling in 12 drill holes had outlined 200 Mt (220 million st) grading 0.73% Cu and 0.08% Mo. Mineralization occurs as veins and disseminations of chalcopyrite and molybdenite.

Jan 1, 1998

By H. J. Booss

THERE is a considerable lack of data on thermody-namic properties of hard-metal alloys. Only two papers 1,2 give mean values of specific heat in an unknown temperature range; more recently the author3 gave more detailed information on the mean specific heat in the temperature range from 20" to -190° C.. EXPERIMENTAL 1) Method—Experimental procedure followed a method suggested by Oelsen and coworkers.4 It requires samples of some 100 g of weight. The time of measurement is prolonged (30 min) but one run allows the measurement of a lot of positions on the heat-content curve. Results4 were found to be in good agreement with "best values" given by kelley,5 Kubaschewsky and Evans,6 etal.

Jan 1, 1960

Five types of mineral resource were known in the sedimentary cover of the oceans and seas floors prior to the 1980's :1) hydrocarbon fields including some very large zones of oil and gas accumulation; 2) "Red Sea" type thermal oozes with increased concentrations of noble metals; 3) ferromanganese nodules; 4) concentrations of metallic sulphides ("Black Smokers"); and 5) cobalt-bearing ferromanganese crusts on the summits and slopes of seamounts. Since then, the so called "White Smokers", containing sulphides of copper and zinc, have been discovered. The ore horizons (manganese, copper, nickel and other metals) of the sedimentary cover of deep-sea basins comprise a sixth type of mineral resource in the oceans. These horizons have not only a theoretical, but also a principal economic significance

Jan 1, 1995

By Richard D. Hagni

Ore microscopy is a useful technique to detect and study the ore minerals that are associated with sediment-hosted and volcanic-hosted deposits of finely disseminated gold and silver. Ore microscopy can be used to determine the: 1) precious metal-bearing minerals in some ores, 2) associated ore minerals that may form geochemical exploration halos, 3) character of iron sulfide grains, 4) extent of sulfide oxidation, 5) character of oxidized iron minerals, 6) character of original sulfide grains from a study of the hypogene and supergene oxidized ores, 7) relative time of oxidation, 8) character of organic matter, 9) minerals that may consume excessive amounts of cyanide solution, 10) extent of silicification and silica encapsulation, and 11) possibility of salting.

Jan 1, 1987

By A. E. Deruyttere, J. Van der Planken, M. Laurent, Van den Bergen

FahRENHORST and schmid1 observed that zinc single crystals work hardened less rapidly when strained in liquid air (- 185°C)than in a bath at -82°C, whereas at higher temperatures the rate of work hardening decreased with increasing temperature, as would be expected. Cadmium and magnesium showed no such decrease at -185°C. At that time the observed anomaly for zinc at liquid air temperature probably seemed insignificant. However it later was confirmed2 by experiments in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) and in the mixture solid carbon dioxide-acetone (-77"C) and therefore appeared to be real. seeger3 then suggested that the anomaly might be due to the different wetting of the zinc crystals by the cooling media. Recently a new confirmation was obtained,4 however the cooling media again were different: the rate of strain hardening was found to be lower in liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen than in pentane cooled to various temperatures down to -126°C. Ekperiments will now be reported in which the medium surrounding the specimen at the different temperatures was the same, namely gaseous air. The single crystals were made from "Overcor 99.99" zinc. They were grown in a vertical traveling furnace on seeds of nearly the same orientations. The diameter of the crystals was 5 mm and the length between shoulders 140 mm. The brass shoulders were stuck to the crystals by means of araldite. A thin steel wire was fixed to each shoulder and served to fasten the specimen to a Houns-field tensile testing machine. The crystals with the shoulders and part of the wires were surrounded by two concentric cylindrical containers. The coolant. either liquid air or ground solid carbon dioxide, was poured into the outer container only. During cooling the containers rested on a support which was removed when the straining was started. In order to check the temperature which the crystals would attain inside the inner container, a hollow bar of zinc in which a thermocouple was fitted was first mounted in the apparatus as a substitute for a crystal. It appeared that a constant temperature, respectively - 183° and -72°C, was attained inside the bar, if a soaking time of the order of 1 hr was allowed and if the outer container was constantly kept filled. Accordingly, this procedure was adopted for every tensile test. To take account of the large scatter, fourteen tensile tests were performed with liquid air and seven with solid carbon dioxide. The orientation of the crystals and the results are presented in the table, in which the symbols have the following meaning: 1 : temperature x : initial angle between basal plane and specimen axis : initial angle between slip direction and specimen axis a : shear strain at fracture 0: average rate of strain hardening = —-——- 100 t0 and Te representing respectively the critical shear stress and the shear stress at fracture. Despite the scatter of the a- and 8— values which is of the same order of magnitude as in the work reported by Seeger and Trzuble,4 it is evident that the strain hardening rate is significantly lower at -183°C thanat-72°C. The table also contains the average values calculated from Seeger and Trauble's results at the corresponding temperatures: z.e., four results at -183oC and two at-70°, -71°C. These authors calculated 9 in a slightly different way, but this is unimportant. The agreement between the a-values shows that both sets of experiments are comparable despite the differences in experimental techniques. The rates of strain hardening also agree and it may therefore be concluded that the anomaly is not

Jan 1, 1962

By Tom Snyder, John Brulia

Part I is the first of a series of articles by the authors on hazardous materials (HM) transportation safety and compliance for shippers and carriers who offer and transport commercial explosives in commerce on public highways in the U.S.

Jan 1, 2014

By Woodhouse M, Andrews D, Drew G

The nickel deposits within the Honeymoon Well project area (26¦ 40'S, 120¦ 25'E), located 45 km south of Wiluna, occur in the northern part of the Agnew-Wiluna belt (Figure 1; Hill et at, 1990). The project area is covered by up to 50 m of transported material which greatly hampers both exploration and an understanding of the bedrock geology. Since 1990 intensive exploration has increased the resource from 10 Mt at one per cent Ni to 134 Mt at 0.76 per cent Ni in five deposits (0.4 per cent Ni cut-off, resources above 300 m depth, December 1994). This includes a massive sulphide resource of 2.5 Mt at 3.4 per cent Ni.

Jan 1, 1996