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By Dallas Grubbs

Agenda ?Growth Projections ?Economic Indicators ?Mining Equipment Growth ?Tire Supply ?Michelin Actions to Increase Capacity ?Michelin?s Challenges & Recommendations

Jan 1, 2006

By W. O. Kerr

As in other industries, companies engaged in mining and extraction use and develop intellectual property (?IP?) in the form of new technologies or production processes. The development of IP assets in mining may occur as a byproduct of ongoing operations, or result from investment in dedicated R&D efforts. New technology may lower costs, increase quality of output, and/or increase operational efficiency or safety. Key business questions with respect to any new technology are how best to use IP assets, how to protect them and how to derive value from them. IP assets can provide a competitive advantage to a developing firm that uses the technology to improve its operating results. The developing firm can preclude others from using the technology if it believes that is the best way to exploit the technology?s value. Or, it can be shared with others taking care to ensure rights are maintained, thereby generating royalty income or strategic value through cross licensing or other business relationships. Either way, in order to fully realize the maximum economic benefit, innovators must protect the IP assets and control their dissemination.

Jan 1, 2012

By A. H. Onur, S. Ural

"The Afsin-Elbistan coal deposit with its 3.4 billion metric tons of reserve is the biggest coal basin and one of the most important resources for electrical energy production in Turkey. The coal deposit is located north of Elbistan, Kahramanmaras Province, in southeast Turkey (Fig. 1).The Kislakoy sub-basin of the Afsin-Elbistan basin was selected as the first open cast mine to feed four power station blocks of 340 MW each. The mine is equipped with six identical bucket wheel excavators of the type Sch Rs (2300/5) 32. The annual coal demand of the power station is 18.5 million metric tons. The Elbistan basin encompasses an area of 900 km2, and its centre lies about 1150 m above mean sea level. The sedimentation took place mainly in the upper Pliocene period. The thickness of the coal bed varies from 20 m to 60 m, respectively. The basal part of the coal beds consists of clay, marl and sandy clay. These formations are overlain by gyttja, which may also occur in the form of calcareous ooze, enveloping coal beds. The thickness of the gyttja is up to 35 m (Otto-Gold, 1969). The coal of Afsin-Elbistan is soft coal and the quality has been found to vary considerably throughout the deposit. The thicknesses of the sterile intercalations vary from 0.50 m to 2.2 m and average 1 m in thickness. From the quality control point of view, the coal seam is regarded as upper seam where the gyttja formation occurs as sterile intercalations, and lower seam where the clay formation occurs instead of the gyttja (Fig. 2). The CaO content of upper Kislakoy coal is very high, grinding resistance is low and base to acid ratio of ash, that is, the ratio of acid oxides of metals to base, is greater than one (Ural and Onur, 2001). Contrary to upper Kislakoy coal, CaO content of lower Kislakoy coal is very low, grinding resistance is high and base:acid ratio of ash is smaller than one. Modified Impact Strength Index (MISI) tests are used to determine the grindability of the Elbistan coals (Ural, 1999)."

Jan 1, 2003

By Fabiano Mendes

Processos industriais de carbonização são tecnologias maduras e operam há mais de 7 décadas. Contudo, o sistema integrado de produção de ferro primário e aços a base de biomassa como fonte de energia e termorredutor, mesmo sendo a alternativa ambiental de menor impacto existente, chega a seus limites tecnológicos, ambiental e econômico, ameaçando a sua sustentabilidade. O grupo Vallourec buscou o processo Lambiotte como base tecnológica para desenvolver seu ambicioso projeto de carbonização contínua, em substituição ao processo artesanal de fornos retangulares de batelada, utilizados atualmente. O esforço experimental de mais de meia década, com a adaptação e profunda reengenharia do processo Lambiotte, que é o que melhor representa esta classe de reatores, para que ele atendesse as condições brasileiras e o uso das espécies de madeira da família dos Eucaliptos culminou no desenvolvimento do processo de carbonização continua Carboval, que demonstrou sua plena capacidade, para atender aspectos econômicos, sustentáveis e de qualidade siderúrgica do carvão vegetal produzido.

Aug 17, 2017

By M Chaudhari, G Manekar, D Shome

MOIL Limited is operating 7 underground and 3 opencast mines in central India and producing annually more than 1.2 million tonnes of various grades of manganese ore. The underground mines are operating at shallow - 90 m at Munsar mine to moderate - 353 m at Balaghat mine below the surface with horizontal cut and fill (HCF) or its variant method of stoping with post filling by hydraulic sand stowing. The Munsar mine is being worked underground since 1903. The opencast mining is presently stopped. The ore body below the opencast quarry is geological continuity of the area excavated in past by opencast method of mining. The underground mining is done through the adit in three levels i.e. 270’L, 220’L, 170’L and by incline in western part of the property at 70’L. The horizontal drift development has been developed in the manganese ore body with sill drive of 5 m above the sill pillar in lower level at 70’L and barrier pillar of 5 m thickness is left for protection of upper level at 170’L. Valuable mineral has been locked in sill pillar and therefore rock mechanics investigations have been carried out. On the basis of study now the drift development has been carried out in footwall rock at 70’L, (-) 30’L and below levels and it has improved the mineable manganese ore by about 20%. In this modified HCF stope design, an alternative fill material in place of sand, which has been developed in house by use of overburden (OB) material after treatment, has been used for hydraulic stowing. The experimental trials find out that the alternative fill material of OB is more compact and forming a non expansion floor for the men and machines in the stope. This will certainly help in the introduction of mobile underground mining equipment for drilling in the stopes and mechanical mucking, transportation and loading of the ROM. The paper presents rock mechanics investigations and future use of alternative fill material of OB for better safety and productivity at Munsar Mine of MOIL. CITATION:Manekar, G, Shome, D and Chaudhari, M, 2018. Modified ground support with alternative fill material for ground control at Munsar underground manganese mine of MOIL Limited, India, in Proceedings The Fourth Australasian Ground Control in Mining Conference (AusRock), pp 58–65 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Nov 30, 2018

By James G. McKelvey

Owners have seen several major tunnel projects in recent years fall victim to a general reduction in the number of bidders as well as an erratic range of pricing. It should be noted though that this is not a universal trend and some projects have seen good competitive bids. Contractual terms and conditions are an important factor in attracting good competition. The Front End documents of tunnel projects have come under increasing scrutiny as tunneling contractors in the U.S. industry are looking much more closely at their risk exposure in the contract terms and conditions. Considering the amount of tunnel construction work upcoming in North America, it is important that General and Special Conditions are put together in a way that provides a reasonable basis to execute the Contract and also provide a fair, balanced and swift way to resolve disputes.

Jan 1, 2008

By Davi Alves Marques

Este trabalho visa analisar a temperabilidade dos aços ABNT 1045 e ABNT 4140 através do ensaio Jominy e correlacionar suas propriedades com a variação microestrutural devido ao gradiente de transferência de calor através dos corpos de prova, também como analisar o efeito dos elementos de liga presentes. O ensaio Jominy foi realizado segundo a norma ABNT A255-10. Foi observado que o aço ABNT 4140 apresenta maior temperabilidade que o ABNT 1045 devido à maior profundidade de têmpera e, por conseguinte, apresentou produtos de transformação martensítica em profundidades maiores do corpo de prova. Visto que o teor de carbono em ambos os aços é aproximadamente igual, a maior temperabilidade do ABNT 4140 se dá devido aos elementos de liga presentes. Os elementos de liga do ABNT 4140 contribuem para uma maior percentagem de carbono equivalente, quando comparado ao ABNT 1045, deslocando assim o diagrama de transformação isotérmica para a direita, reduzindo então a taxa de resfriamento crítico.

Oct 30, 2017

By James K. Stanley

When a plastically deformed mctal is heated to a certain temperature, it undergoes a complete change in microstructure, the consequence of which is a marked alteration of mechanical properties such as hardness, strength and ductility. This change in microstructure occurs by re-crystallization and is a process involving the formation and growth of strain-free nuclei in the deformed matrix. These nuclei continue to form with time and grow until a new grain structure replaces the cold-worked structure. The formation of the nuclei in the deformed sheet of I per cent silicon ferrite is illustrated in Fig. I. If a recrystallization is conducted iso-thermally, a nleasurement of the fraction of the matrix recrystallized plotted against time leads to an isothermal recrystallization curve, first established in 1942.1 Such recrystallization curves are shown in Fig. 4. These curves show that the recrystallization of a cold-worked metal is best considered as a rate process rather than a time independent process such as is suggcsted by the improperly named and misleading recrystallization diagrams involving deformation, temperature, and grain size.2-5 Any study of the rate of recrystallization resolves itself into a study of the component rates of nucleation and growth. The previous paper1 provided an account of the determination of the rates of nucleation; N, the number of nuclei formed per unit time per unit of unre-crystallized area, and growth, G, the radial growth in unit time, in the recrystallization of silicon ferrite (I per cent Si). A method was developed to furnish experimental data for evaluating the effect of the recrystallization variables on N and G. The mathematical analysis for the derivation of the isothermal recrystallization curve was developed for a two-dimensional case (in thin sheets where the diameter of the recrystallized grain is greater than the sheet thickness). The present paper is a continuation of the study of recrystallization of I per cent silicon ferrite begun in 1942.1 In this work the effect of the factors deformation, temperature, grain size, composition, and recovery is studied with respect to the rates of liucleation and grouth. At the same time it is shown how the cooperation of N and G affects the isothermal recrystallization curve. The study of these variables on N and G has a definite bearing on the mechanism of recrystallization and should lay a foundation for a rational theory on the subject. Procedure The procedure used in these experiments was essentially the same as that described previously but in certain details some changes were made in the interests of speed. With few exceptions, the procedure is the same for the study of all the variables. Where the procedure is different from standard manipulations attention is called to this fact.

Jan 1, 1945

By S. Brummelkamp, G. Van Weert

Separation of minerals by shape has received little attention, since minerals normally do not break into different shapes during crushing and grinding. However, comminution of consumer wastes generates opportunities for novel separations based on particle shape. For instance, ductile plastics are broken into longer curved shapes, whereas brittle plastics yield angular particles. Using spouting beds for particle separation in water requires controlling the spout's instability. The preferred geometry for such redesigned spouting beds is reported. Plastic cylinders, discs and spheres were separated as a function of rising water velocity and amount of particles in the system. By using 5 mm particles, differences in settling behavior could be video recorded.

Jan 1, 1999

By Kenneth McGowan

"The aluminum industry is the 5th largest consumer of energy and the largest consumer of energy on a per-weight basis. Process heating accounts for 25% of the energy consumed to manufacture aluminum. Consequently, the generation of this energy results in the production of a significant amount of CO2 (over 3.75 million metric tons in 2003)1. As a result, the Aluminum Industry Technology Roadmap of 2003 listed the development of improved refractory materials as a goal to reduce energy use and decrease greenhouse gas creation. The result of a R&D effort addressing this desire is the development of patented microporous refractory materials for metal contact applications in all furnace areas including the belly band. It has been demonstrated that this material can reduce energy consumption up to 38% in furnaces and significantly reduce heat loss in launder and trough systems. Furthermore the material developed is non-wetting and remains un-penetrated by metal throughout its lifetime. The material does not contribute to the formation of corundum. As a result, the energy efficiency of an older lining remains intact compared to standard refractory materials which may have an initial high insulating value (such as lightweights and board) or standard dense refractory (even with penetration inhibitors) both of which show a rapid increase in thermal conductivity as the refractory is penetrated with aluminum and formed corundumIntroductionThe aluminum industry is the second largest producer of metal in the United States, behind the iron and steel industry. It is the 5th largest consumer of energy and the largest consumer of energy on a per-weight basis. Process heating is required to melt, hold, purify, alloy, and heat treat the metal and accounts for 25% of the energy consumed to manufacture aluminum. As such, process heating is the second largest energy consuming operation. Smelting, which utilizes an electrolytic reduction process is the largest energy consuming operation1.Most process heating is accomplished through the use of fossil fuels, either directly or indirectly. The choice of fuel is dependent on a plant’s location and fossil fuel availability. Table I shows the processes impacted by refractories and the calculated BTU’s generated by usage of the respective fuels as well as the Metric Tons (MT) of metal passed through each process in 20001."

Jan 1, 2009

By P. C. Pistorius, M. P. Maphutha, J. D. Steenkamp

Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) are sophisticated materials being developed by the steel industry to mitigate challenges related to the performance of motor vehicles. To meet the requirements of AHSS, the ferromanganese alloys (FeMn) utilized in the production of the steel are required to contain acceptable levels of unwanted impurities, i.e. P, S, N, H, and C. The focus of the current study was to investigate dephosphorization of ferromanganese to produce a low-P alloy that could be effectively utilized in the production of AHSS. The study involved conducting laboratory-scale testwork to study the efficiency of CaO-based slag systems to dephosphorize FeMn alloys. The addition of Na2O, CaF2, and BaO to MnO-CaO-SiO2 slag was considered. The test work was carried out in a 25 kW induction furnace at temperatures of 1350°C, 1400°C, and 1450°C. The P partition coefficient (Lp) remained small at <1, which is an indication that dephosphorization had not been achieved. The baseline slag, comprising 40%CaO-40%SiO2-20%MnO, reported higher Lp values. Addition of Na2O and CaF2 did not show any further benefit. Substituting half of the CaO by BaO, resulted in similar Lp values to those of the baseline slag under conditions of 1350°C and 1450°C at 30 minutes. In summary, based on the Lp values obtained, the conditions investigated with the CaO-based slags appeared to have been unfavourable for dephosphorization of FeMn alloys, as most of this impurity element remained in the alloy.

Sep 1, 2021

By John A. DesLauriers

INTRODUCTION This paper will update the status of small sized tunnel boring machines used in both the Mining and Civil Industries. I will mention a) new developments in small size hard ground tunnel boring machines, b) review North American performance records of the Atlas Copco Mini/Midi Fullfacers, and c) compare relative costs in driving a 1200m (4000 ft) typical utility tunnel using a leased TBM versus the conventional drill and blast method. NEW DEVELOPMENTS JARVA MACHINES Of all small rock tunnel boring machines currently in use, the Jarva MARK VI and MARK VIII are receiving the most enthusiastic acceptance. These circular fullface borers using usually 15 inch single disc cutters (manufactured also by Jarva) are designed on the &apos;T&apos; bracing principle. Previously, Jarva&apos;s line of tunnel boring machines, even their smallest, was designed on the &apos;X&apos; or double diagonal bracing configuration with a gripper in each quadrant. In small tunnels where net room is so very important, the &apos;T&apos; scheme with gripping only at the spring line nets precious room around the cutter unit for passage of men and supplies. It allows freer un-

Jan 1, 1981

There is a saying, ?If it moves, it vibrates.? This is especially true in our modern industrial environments, where workers use powered tools, machinery, vehicles, and heavy equipment. How workers are affected by these elements of the industrial working environment is a concern of health professionals, govern­ments, and scientists around the world. How to adequately assess the effects of human vibration exposure is an equally important issue. The human body comprises a dynamic structure that is living, intelligent, and complex. Consequently, it is not unreasonable to consider that exposing the body to an array of vibration environments would result in outcomes that are not necessarily simple or easily predictable. Sensations caused by vibration may include nausea, annoyance, discomfort or pain, and exhilaration or pleasure. Many factors contribute to the effects of vibration on humans, including the characteristics of the motion and the exposed indi­vidual, the activities of the exposed individual, and various elements of the environment. There have been attempts to summarize the effects of occupational vibration exposures by simply recommending the avoidance of certain frequencies of vibration or by providing a graphical method, i.e., a single curve displaying all human responses to all frequencies. However, such efforts have not withstood the scrutiny of scientific research and analysis. Thus, attendees and participants at this professional gathering now have the rare opportunity to benefit from the technological advances and new scientific research to enhance their understanding of human responses to vibration that suggest more than a simplistic approach. In the tradition of the First American Conference on Human Vibration (1st ACHV) held in Morgantown, WV, June 2006, the 2nd ACHV provides a forum for scientists, engineers, medical doctors, industrial hygienists, and educators to learn and advance research and education in the specialized area of human body vibration. The conference was organized by the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, with support from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory. As with the first conference, the 2nd ACHV provides the unique opportunity to learn about the current activities of peers and colleagues and to exchange information on topics of interest such as human response, human modeling, experimental design, sensors, new technologies, and epidemiological studies of human responses to hand-transmitted and whole-body vibration. The conference organizers hope that the publication of these conference proceedings continues to foster new research and technological advances to reduce health hazards associated with occupational vibration exposures.

Jun 1, 2009

By Vinay Kumar

The disposal of large quantities of electronic scraps generated world wide is causing not only environmental problem but also loss of resources. Therefore, R & D efforts have been made to develop a suitable process for extraction and separation of metals viz. copper, zinc, cadmium and nickel expected from the leaching of e-scraps using solvent extraction process. Different process parameters viz. pH, aqueous to organic ratio, kinetics of extraction, extraction isotherm to establish stage requirement for extraction in continuous mode etc have been studied to optimise the condition for the separation of metals. The studies showed the selective extraction of copper after iron precipitation from the sulfuric acid leach solution of e- wastes containing ~1.0 g/L Cu and minor impurities with 2-hydroxy-5- nonylacetophenoneoxime (LIX 84) above pH 2.0 in single stage. A scheme for separation of cadmium, zinc and nickel has been proposed using di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) under controlled pH of the aqueous solution. The order of extraction was found to be Zn> Cd> Ni.

Jan 1, 2009

By Jei Y. Choi, P. G. Shewmon

The surfrrce-diffusion coefficients (DJ for Aulg8 on (100) and (111) surfaces of copper have been determined between 1050" and 780°C using a new avuzlysis imd experimental procedure. The results are: D, has also been determined fm cua4 at 870°C, and the values found are 4.5 times larger than those measured by the grain boundary grooving technique for the same surface orientations. This difference is felt to result from the approximate nature of the mathematical solution used in the present work. Attempts to measure D, for silver on copper and silver surfaces indicated a means of matter transport different from surface diffision was dominant in moving tracer from the source out over the surface. Cnlculations and experiment both indicate that this is the flow of silver through the vapor phase which completely masks the much smaller flow due to surface diffusion. The previous self-difhsion studies of D, for silver and copper are discussed in terms of our own analysis and found to yield values of D, factors of lo5 or more greater than those found by the grain boundary grooving tech -nique. UNTIL about 5 years ago it was widely believed that the activation energy for surface diffusion, AH, , was less than that for grain boundary diffusion, AHb,, which in turn was less than that for diffusion through the lattice, AHz.&apos; This was concluded from various evidence that D,> Db>Dl, and one tracer study of D, for silver on silver from which AH, was inferred.2 In 1959 Mullins and Shewmon demonstrated that D, could be determined from the kinetics of the growth of grain-boundary grooves.3 Using this procedure, Gjostein measured D, on copper between 800" and 1050°C and found that the activation energy was roughly equal to AHl .4 Subsequent work on copper,5" silver,&apos;,&apos; and goldg between the melting temperature T, and 0.87 T, confirmed that AH, as determined using the grain boundary grooving or scratch-relaxation technique was equal to or greater than AHz. During the same period, Drew and Pye again determined AH, for silver on silver using a tracer techniquelo and a mathematical solution similar to that of Nicker son and arker.&apos; Though the values of D, Drew and Pye measured at any given temperature were about 200 times smaller than those reported by Nickerson and Parker, they again found a low activation energy of about 10 kcal, or about one fifth that found at the higher temperatures with the mass transport technique. A distinguishing characteristic of these two previous tracer studies is that they have worked at low temperatures (-1/2 T,) where they felt volume diffusion was negligible and then analyzed these data as if all tracer atoms leaving the source flowed out into and remained in a homogeneous high-diffusivity surface layer of undefined thickness. This is totally different from the model used in the mass-transport studies or the studies of grain boundary diffusion, which assume the high-diffusivity surface layer to be only a few angstroms thick. If this latter model is applied to the earlier tracer studies, it is shown that the tracer has really pe!etrated into the lattice a mean distance of 1000A. Thus the tracer distribution observed after an anneal is thought to be due to the combined effects of surface and volume diffusion. Independent of the relative validity of the two models, it seems evident to us that any comparison of the values of D, as determined in these two ways is meaningless and misleading, since the values of D, and AH, obtained in these two ways would be totally different for the same physical distributions of tracer. Once the fundamental difference in the approaches of the two techniques is established, we are faced with the question of which model better approximates physical reality. Here all the evidence seems to be on the side of the &apos;&apos;thin surface layer" analysis. In fact, the authors of Refs. 2 and 9 do not argue for the "thick-layer model" we have described; they simply invoke it through the equation they use to calculate D, . The primary evidence for the thin-film approach is: a) grain boundary grooves and scratches widen in proportion to tU4 and Mullins&apos; rigorous analysis shows that this is only valid for a surface layer which is quite thin relative to the width of the groove;11 b) all accepted or seriously discussed models of solid-vapor interfaces and high-angle grain boundaries assume that the disturbed region of the interface is at most a few a0 thick. With the above in mind, it was desirable to determine D, using a radioactive tracer and a "thin-

Jan 1, 1964

By Daniel F. Meyer

INTRODUCTION The Metropolitan Boston Transit Authority (MIA) Red Line has served greater Boston commuter needs from its Harvard Square terminus since its opening in 1912. Since then, the population of Boston&apos;s northwest area has increased substantially, and with this growth have come dramatic changes in the type and distribution of urban land uses, including the number of households, jobs, shopping and recreational opportunities; these changes have created a need for improved transportation. Extension of the Red Line to better serve these communities has been a topic of discussion for nearly 40 years. In November of 1977, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) granted the MBTA approval and funding for the Red Line Extension Project. With funding in place, the MBTA proceeded with final engineering and construction of the section from Harvard Square to Alewife. When completed, the Red Line Extension will add 3.2 miles of new track to the MBTA system. Estimated final cost is about $400 million. On October 3, 1978, the MBTA received bids for the construction of Project 091-105, Harvard Square to Porter Square Tunnels and Shafts, which is part of the overall Red Line Extension. The Joint Venture of Morrison-Knudsen, White, Mergentime was the low bidder at $47,478,600. Official award of the contract came on October 25, 1978, with Notice to Proceed given October 31, 1978. The contract called for construction of two independent parallel concrete-lined tunnels in rock, soft-ground and mixed-face

Jan 1, 1983

By Alfred V. de Forest

We are now assembled in this hall for the eighteenth lecture in honor of the memory of our greatest American metallurgist, Henry Marion Howe. Many of his most intimate contemporaries, led, as was fitting, by Professor Sauveur, have described his vital accomplishments in three fields: as a leader in technical industrial development; in theoretical research; and finally as a teacher and source of inspiration for nearly two generations of students. In 1914 Professor Howe had retired from active teaching, but maintained his laboratory at Columbia University under the care of Arthur G. Levy, with whom he published many of the papers that later were incorporated into his last book, " The Metallography of Steel and Cast Iron." My position at the time was that of personal assistant to Professor Campbell—no pay, no duties, but the great privilege of preparing specimens, taking pictures and attending to some of the current consulting work. Whenever possible, I visited Howe&apos;s laboratory to chat with Levy and gather ideas about the wonderful field of metallography—in which I was a rank amateur, rescued by the quiet enthusiasm of Donald Smith of Princeton from an instructorship in civil engineering. Levy let me act as a fly on the wall during the Professor&apos;s occasional visits. Busy as he was, Professor Howe took the time and trouble to encourage my interest, as he had done for hun- dreds of others. He told me how he went about gathering his own information speculating as to causes, considering experiments, and verifying his conclusions. I ventured to mention some tests I had run on the irregular stretching of wires of different metals. He read the small volume I had prepared of ill-assorted facts and fancies and remarked: "Nobody cares for your theories or the history of your tests. Describe what you found as briefly as possible and perhaps I can help you to publish." Curiously enough, among my discards were some autographically recorded load-versus-electrical-resistance measurements. Taken with inadequate knowledge and equipment, these curves did not reproduce consistently, but if the relationship between strain and resistance had then been explored, the latest type of strain gauge might have been in useful service for the past 25 years. Professor Howe was a gifted teacher, perhaps because he was primarily an ardent and assiduous student. His own eagerness to learn and his willingness to revise and extend his opinions constantly encouraged those of his environment to be diligent and painstaking in the pursuit of knowledge. In honoring his memory, I also wish to bring to mind the kindly, humorous and quiet Levy, and join his name again, as it was for too brief a space in the past, with that of many-sided Henry Marion Howe. Factors oF Impact Strength The subject chosen for the Howe Memorial Lecture by Dr. Gillett last year

Jan 1, 1941

By Alfred V. de Forest

We are now assembled in this hall for the eighteenth lecture in honor of the memory of our greatest American metallurgist, Henry Marion Howe. Many of his most intimate contemporaries, led, as was fitting, by Professor Sauveur, have described his vital accomplishments in three fields: as a leader in technical industrial development; in theoretical research; and finally as a teacher and source of inspiration for nearly two generations of students. In 1914 Professor Howe had retired from active teaching, but maintained his laboratory at Columbia University under the care of Arthur G. Levy, with whom he published many of the papers that later were incorporated into his last book, " The Metallography of Steel and Cast Iron." My position at the time was that of personal assistant to Professor Campbell—no pay, no duties, but the great privilege of preparing specimens, taking pictures and attending to some of the current consulting work. Whenever possible, I visited Howe&apos;s laboratory to chat with Levy and gather ideas about the wonderful field of metallography—in which I was a rank amateur, rescued by the quiet enthusiasm of Donald Smith of Princeton from an instructorship in civil engineering. Levy let me act as a fly on the wall during the Professor&apos;s occasional visits. Busy as he was, Professor Howe took the time and trouble to encourage my interest, as he had done for hun- dreds of others. He told me how he went about gathering his own information speculating as to causes, considering experiments, and verifying his conclusions. I ventured to mention some tests I had run on the irregular stretching of wires of different metals. He read the small volume I had prepared of ill-assorted facts and fancies and remarked: "Nobody cares for your theories or the history of your tests. Describe what you found as briefly as possible and perhaps I can help you to publish." Curiously enough, among my discards were some autographically recorded load-versus-electrical-resistance measurements. Taken with inadequate knowledge and equipment, these curves did not reproduce consistently, but if the relationship between strain and resistance had then been explored, the latest type of strain gauge might have been in useful service for the past 25 years. Professor Howe was a gifted teacher, perhaps because he was primarily an ardent and assiduous student. His own eagerness to learn and his willingness to revise and extend his opinions constantly encouraged those of his environment to be diligent and painstaking in the pursuit of knowledge. In honoring his memory, I also wish to bring to mind the kindly, humorous and quiet Levy, and join his name again, as it was for too brief a space in the past, with that of many-sided Henry Marion Howe. Factors oF Impact Strength The subject chosen for the Howe Memorial Lecture by Dr. Gillett last year

Jan 1, 1941

By Lívia Lopes de Oliveira Goulart

Com o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade do processo do FEA 1 da gerência de Aciaria Elétrica da Votorantim Siderurgia unidade Barra Mansa (VSBM) e de entender a eficiência energética e a formação de FeO no interior do forno, análises foram realizadas durante três meses envolvendo os parâmetros associados a essas variáveis. Foram avaliados consumos de energia elétrica e a energia química, considerando a composição química do mix de sucatas e o uso dos queimadores de gás natural. Notou-se que as condições da escória na etapa de refino não são ideais para a espumação, implicando em maiores perdas térmicas para as paredes do FEA. Para a formação de FeO, foi avaliada a quantidade de coque injetado adicionada e também a relação entre oxigênio e gusa equivalente da carga. Para a melhoria da eficiência energética são propostas melhoria de injeção e adição de insumos de forma que o consumo de energia elétrica possa ser reduzido e o rendimento metálico o maior possível, de forma a garantir um processo que possa manter o produto competitivo no mercado.

Aug 17, 2017

By Steven J. Schatzel, Mark M. Mazzella, Robert A. Kimutis, VASU GANGRADE, James D. Addis, Marcia L. Harris, Mayley Guitard

Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluated the impact of potential shale gas well breaches and subsequent gas inflow on selected mine ventilation systems of operating longwall panels using a 1:30 scaled Longwall Instrumented Aerodynamic Model (LIAM) and Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a tracer gas. A series of tests were performed at 340, 400, and 500 cfm inflow levels utilizing different mine ventilation scenarios. Results suggest that the breached gas can be diluted to meet statutory levels when the longwall panel is adequately ventilated. The results enhance the understanding of the gas inflow and mine ventilation system interaction and provide critical information to the industry and regulatory agencies for improving miners’ safety.

Feb 1, 2024