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By V. S. Papezik

Pyrophyllite, a hydrous aluminium silicate, is used mainly in the ceramic industry and to a lesser extent as a filler in the manufacture of paper, rubber, insecticides and baby powders. Commercial deposits of pyrophyllite in North America are restricted to the "Avalon Zone" , a belt of late Precambrian volcanic and sedimentary rocks that extends along the eastern flank of the Appalachian orogenic belt f rom Georgia to Newfoundland. The only commercial Canadian pyrophyllite deposit lies near Foxtrap on the A valon Peninsula of Newfoundland. Here, steeply dipping lenses of altered pyrophyllite rock occur in a north-trending rhyolite belt near the contact with a granitoid pluton. The altered rock is massive, light greenishyellow and contains varying proportions of pyrophyllite, sericite and quartz with lesser amounts of diaspore and traces of barite and rutile. A lteration was produced by acid solutions, either derived from or activated by the intruding pluton, at temperatures of 250° to 270°C and pressures not exceeding 2 kbr. The largest of the Foxtrap pyrophyllite lenses, discovered in 1897, was mined intermittently f rom 1903 until the early 1950s. The present owner of the mine, Newfoundland Minerals Limited, acquired the property in 1959 and ships between 27, 000 and 36,000 tonnes annually to th e company plant in Lansdale, Pennsylvania, for use in ceramic tile.

Jan 1, 1984

By M. Solomon

Abstract -Giant, sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits in northern Australia formed during development of Mid-Proterozoic extensional basins that overlie Lower Proterozoic basement. The basement in the Mount Isa area, exposed by folding and faulting, contains fractionated, high-heat-producing granites. These granites generate heat at a rate of about 6 ?Wm-3, probably sufficient to form giant lead-zinc deposits either by (a) driving episodic convection of saline basement and basin fluids for periods of 105 to 106 years at temperatures of about 230°C, or (b) heating basin fluids moving under the influence of topographic relief or fault movement. The presence or absence of such granites may form a vital component of the genetic model. Ore-forming fluid flow was probably initiated by continent-scale, extensional basin fracturing.

Jan 1, 1992

By Craig Haase

A. Introduction

Jan 1, 2003

By J. W. Reynolds

Use of crushed waste rock recovered by sink-float separation from normal ore production for backfill is an established procedure at Commco's Sulhvan mme, Kimberley, British Columbia. Need for a safe method of placement in voids which were difficult to reach by gravity methods led to a co-operative venture with Radmark Engineering Ltd. in the development of a workable pneumatic transportation system for rock material. This paper reviews work done to date in a current program, and includes comments on the nature of the fill so placed, options for cementing such fill, implications for other aspects of mining and references to other applications of the system by other organizations who exchanged experiences with the Sullivan mine staff during the five-year period reviewed.

Jan 1, 1972

By P. Cicmanec

Mining activities in the territory of Slovakia have a long history. Mining techniques have developed rapidly in the last centuries. This paper deals not only with mining history, but also with underground brown coal mining, magnesite mining and other mining activities at present and sustainable developments of the mining industry in the Slovak Republic. This paper looks forward in the context of mineral raw materials in Europe (Global Europe, 2012).

Aug 1, 2013

By F. Habashi

Lead is an ancient metal. The alchemists related it to the planet Saturn. It was largely obtained by smelting galena which generally contains small quantities of silver. That is why the metallurgy of lead was closely related to that of silver and in some cases the ore was treated only for its silver content. It was also known during the Roman time that lead vapors were toxic. Lead has been produced exclusively by pryrometallurgical methods. Lead refining is a complex process because of the presence of deleterious impurities such as arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. In the nineteenth century lead played an important role as a material of construction in the manufacture of sulfuric acid. In the twentieth century tetraethyl lead was used exclusively as an anti-knock reagent. In recent years lead is mainly used for making batteries.

Jan 1, 2008

By Ralph Harris, Javier Jara

"Oxygen is essential in gold cyanidation. It is supplied to the leaching media by sparging oxygen or compressed air into the cyanidation tank. The rate of oxygen transfer is critical to achieve the desired oxygen concentration in solution.The performance of a novel device for gas sparging recently developed at McGill University is compared to the mass transfer characteristics of the two spargers most used in the gold industry: the four lance configuration and the inverted cone. The distribution of gas and the kinetics of oxygen desorption of the three types of spargers was studied in a 140 litre tank. The oxygen dissolution of the new device is three to five times faster than the other spargers. This could increase the leaching rate and/or decrease the cyanide and oxygen consumption.IntroductionIn hydrometallurgical processing, it is often necessary to bubble gas through a pulp to carry out the wanted reactions. The gas can act to agitate the pulp and it can also supply reactant. The rates of the reactions which require a reactant supplied by the gas are often dependent on the rates of mass transfer from the gas to the solution.A common example of this is gold cyanidation which requires oxygen for gold dissolution. Since the gold containing slurry is rich in other oxygen consuming substances (sulphide like pyrrhotite), it is important to provide enough oxygen to allow complete gold dissolution within the residence time of the cyanidation reactors. It has been demonstrated that the rate of gold dissolution is directly proportional to the dissolved oxygen concentration of the pulp which in turn is proportional to the oxygen partial pressure in the bubble 1 2 3. Improving the rate of mass transfer of oxygen increases the dissolved oxygen concentration of the slurry and therefore improves the rate of the reaction.The rate of mass transfer from a bubble to its surrounding solution increases with decreasing bubble size and increasing gas bubble residence time which in turn increases with decreasing bubble size. The generation and dispersion of small bubbles is thus critical to achieving high rates of mass transfer. Different configurations and devices used to inject gas have different effects on the bubble size and the residence time, influencing the overall rate of mass transfer. Therefore better mass transfer can be achieved by adopting a more efficient method.The methods tested in this report are the four lance configuration (wall spargers), the inverted cone and a new device, designated HCD. The wall spargers and the inverted cone are used widely in the industry today."

Jan 1, 1994

By D. R. Schmitt, Q. Jia, R. Kofman

"Tests were carried out on clear glass blocks containing borehole aligned with and at an angle to applied principal stress states in order to study the growth of drilling induced tensile fractures. The samples were illuminated such that photoelastic fringes could be video recorded during the measurements; this was useful in assessing states of stress and in determining fracture initiation. Axial drilling induced fractures were observed at the azimuths of the applied uniaxial stress as would be expected from the concentrated stresses. En echelon fractures were observed from the borehole deviated at 45° to the direction of the compression. These preliminary and currently qualitative results show that glass blocks serve as a useful test medium for studies of stress concentration and drilling induced fracture creation. INTRODUCTIONWith the increasing exploitation of unconventional oil/gas reservoirs using deviated drilling in recent years, the effects of the in-situ stress on the success of energy production have become more critical than ever before. Knowledge of the state of stress in the earth enables us to determine well trajectories, well locations, hydraulic fracturing design and production rates, but knowing the crustal stress is always challenging. Strictly, it can only be obtained to varying quantitative degrees by accessing the earth through drilling. Failure of the rock at the borehole wall produces borehole breakouts (e.g., Bell & Gough, 1979; Haimson & Herrick, 1986; Zoback et al., 1985) and drilling-induced tensile fractures (DITF) (e.g., Aadnoy, 1990; Aadnoy & Bell, 1998; Barton et al., 1997; Brudy & Zoback, 1999; Davatzes & Hickman, 2010; Peska & Zoback, 1995). Thus, it is important to understand the failure mechanism of the rock in the vicinity of the borehole. A number of closed-form expressions have been developed that allow the stress concentrations to be calculated in the vicinity of a borehole including Kirsch’s (1898) 2-D plane strain solution and 3D formulae for elastically isotropic (Hiramatsu and Oka, 1962) and anisotropic (Lekhnitskii, 1981; Amadei, 1983) continua. These solutions have been applied in numerous studies (e.g., Ong, 1994; Ong & Roegiers, 1996; Vahid & Ghassemi, 2011; Jia & Schmitt, 2014; Ito et al., 2001) to analyze the failure mechanisms of drilling-induced tensile fractures (DITF) on the borehole wall."

Jan 1, 2015

By Z. Q. Liu, J. M. Du

"On the basis of analyzing current design and applications, the structure form, working loads and design principles of shaft sinking headframe are summarized in this paper. To overcome the insufficient bearing capacity and geometry size of the finalized shaft sinking headframe in China, a series of new large shaft sinking headframe were developed under vertical shaft construction conditions of maximum net diameter of 12.0 m and maximum depth of 1200 m. The new series shaft sinking headframe include two sets (with single sheave platform and double sheave platform), three dimensions (optimum shaft diameter <8.0 m, 8.0-10.0 m, and 10.0-12.0 m, respectively) for each set, and has innovation and optimization on structure of the sheave wheel platform (MU type) and bracing frame (REN and ZHONG type). The largest new shaft sinking headframe can arrange up to 4 hoisting equipment simultaneously and has bearing capacity more than 10000 kN. Two of the new shaft sinking headframe were successfully applied in practical engineering, such as the Hulusu auxiliary shaft, the Dahaize 1# auxiliary shaftand Sishanling auxiliary shaft. These applications showed that the new shaft sinking headframe has sufficient bearing capacity and reliable applicability. The new shaft sinking headframe could provide an effective guarantee for safety and efficiency sinking of deep-large shaft in the future.INTRODUCTIONShaft sinking headframe is one of the basic shaft sinking structures and it is mainly for hanging hoisting containers and sinking facilities in sinking a vertical shaft (Yu & Shi, 1991; Wang, Jing, & Liu, 2007). Currently, 7 types of steel pipe sinking headframe are used in China, which are mainly finalized by the Ministry of Coal Industry of China (Wang, 1988). As shown in Table 1, V-type is the largest of them and it is only suitable for sinking shaft of diameter less than 8 m and depth less than 1 000 m(Yang, 1982). However, with the increase of mining depth and scale of mineral resources in China, the diameter and depth of newly built vertical shaft are increasing continuously (Xie, Zhou, Xue, Wang, Zhang, & Gao, 2012; Qi & Pu, 2013). At present, the maximum net diameter of vertical shaft is close to 12 m, and the maximum depth is more than 1600 m (Yang & Chen, 2015; Xu, Yang, Liu, & Qin, 2015). The shaft sinking headframe has become the main restrictive factor for the development of sinking equipment, such as the height of muck discharging platform cannot meet the usage requirement of hydraulic umbrella driller, the size of sheave wheel platform is difficult to arrange the increasing hoisting and suspension equipment, the bearing capacity is insufficient to meet the needs of multiple hoisting loads in sinking a deep-large shaft, etc. Therefore, development of new shaft sinking headframe for deep-large shaft (>1000 m in depth and 8~12 m in diameter) is urgently required for China and also the whole world."

Jan 1, 2019

By Gautier Njiekak

The current study provides an experimental approach that aims at documenting the effects of different phases of CO2 (gas, liquid, supercritical fluid) on rock seismic responses. This has implications on obtaining quantitative estimates of fluid saturations for geological storage. The ultrasonic pulse transmission technique is the underlying methodology used in this work. Unlike previous rock physics studies involving CO2 as pore fluid, care is taken to fully saturate the studied samples and also to separate pore fluid effects from pore pressure build-up effects during the experiments. This allows to record seismic effects that are solely reflective of changes in the pore fluid properties. Measurements were done on a CO2 saturated Berea sandstone. Laboratory results show P- and S- waveform variations (velocity, amplitude) in response to CO2&apos;s varying phase state. Overall, CO2 phase changes (gas to liquid and gas to supercritical fluid) are marked by a drop in velocities, with the drop being smaller and less immediate over the gas-supercritical fluid transition than over the gas-liquid transition.

Jun 1, 2012

By Jessica E. Heuchan

An industry survey has been conducted by the Queen&apos;s University Mining Engineering Department of 30 Canadian mining organizations to determine how effectively newly graduated mining engineers meet the needs of the industry. The principal objectives of the survey were to evaluate, and thus provide focus on change for, curricula being taught at Canadian mining engineering schools in service of the industry&apos;s needs; to provide feedback on current industry expectations; and to reinforce contacts with the industry as a means of providing future collaboration. A strong focus of the survey was placed upon industry&apos;s perception of the special attributes of engineering hires and applicability of student academic training to meet their industrial requirements. In providing this detailed summary of corporate responses, a clearer understanding of the mining industry&apos;s expectations of engineering training at Canadian colleges and universities has been gained.

May 1, 2003

By J. C. Ingles

"A new technique is in the process of revolutionizing inorganic chemical analysis. Galled atomic absorption spectrophotometry, it combines the use of a special light source, a flame, and the equipment of conventional spectrophotometry, to provide a quick, reasonably accurate method for the determination of a large number of elements.This paper outlines the principles on which it is based, describes the commercial instrumentation"" available for exploiting it, and. summarizes current applications in process metallurgy."

Jan 1, 1966

By J. Koponen, K. S. Stadler, A. Fuerst, S. Gaulocher, Th. von Hoff, R. Veldsman

"Gearless mill drives (GMDs) are the workhorse in the mineral processing industries, more specifically when it comes to grinding crushed ore and cement (in various production stages) in semiautogenous (SAG) mills and large ball mills. They are renowned for their excellent reliability and robustness, long lifespan, and little need for maintenance, and thus yield a low total cost of ownership (TCO).A GMD represents a major investment for a mineral processing plant, and its availability is pivotal for the grinding process. As a basic rule, shut-down periods are to be minimized, but even much more important is that unscheduled shut-downs be avoided. In this contribution, we will present a portfolio of innovative remote diagnostic that consist of the following three key components:1. Trouble shooting is a form of corrective maintenance and is based on state-of-the art remote access technology, thus enabling highly skilled engineers to access the current sensor readings anytime and from anywhere in order to resolve urgent problems together with the GMD user.2. Periodic maintenance reports are a form of preventive and predictive maintenance and aim at continuous improvement based on long-term historical records and analyses of multiple measured signals. These detailed reports highlight the health and operational status of the GMD and are periodically (e.g. 3 months) submitted to the customer.3. Remote condition monitoring spans across preventive and predictive maintenance and is based on continuous recording and automatic analyses of relevant signals using advanced algorithms. The main issue is how to handle the enormous flood of data in an intelligent manner. The results of these analyses are made available to both the GMD user and supplier in real time in order to increase the availability and reliability of the GMD.In this paper, we consider various parts of the GMD, e.g. the cycloconverter, the ring motor, the auxiliary devices (e.g. cooling and lubrication systems), and also phenomena related to the mill itself (e.g. state and quantity of charge). The signal analysis techniques range from simple threshold-based analyses to complex time and frequency domain analyses. We will illustrate the benefits of the proposed approaches with some selected examples."

Jan 1, 2012

By F. Vagnon, A. M. Ferrero, M. Pirulli, A. Segalini

"The topic of this study is the design of flexible fences to mitigate the risk due to debris flow phenomena by means of theoretical and experimental studies analysed in framework of the Rock Engineering System (RES).The study of the interaction between debris flows and flexible barriers is a major challenge since many different aspects concerning both the slope characteristics and the structure features are involved. Debris flows are often triggered by the mobilization of debris deposits that are generated by rock fall of adjacent rock walls. The rock debris deposits are difficult to be characterized by the physical and mechanical point of view due to their large variability in volume distribution and, moreover, when dealing with high mountains environment, they are also strongly affected by the presence of water at different phases (solid or liquid) depending on the temperature. The debris deposit turns unstable in relation with the geotechnical and environmental features of the areas and the instability evolution in high mountain steep valley is often a debris flow. Debris flow destructive potential is very high and protections are often needed to reduce the debris flow risk.This complexity determines the needs of comprehensive study able to include the global basin dynamic and the environmental conditions. An a-priori analysis of the influence of the different aspects can be useful to focus on the real driving aspects of the problem. Due to the complexity of the system the application of the RES methodology is recommended in order to clearly define the different assumptions needed, their influence on the simulations and a comparison among them.RES allows investigating triggering criteria, flow and depositional processes and interaction of flows with protection fences in a rational way. For this purpose, an interaction matrix is created: it summarizes the key geotechnical parameters that influence debris flows, their interactions and debris/engineering protection opera behaviour. The goal is to quantify the diagonal-off terms to assess the residual risk after barrier construction, using back analysis from real debris flow event and data collection from literature.This methodology is applied to analyze a debris flow event in the Italian Western Alps where numerical analyses are carried on to assess flow characteristics to be used for fence design through the application of an analytical and numerical model developed by the authors (Brighenti et al, 2013). In particular, the velocity and deposition heights have been estimated using the numerical code RASH3D (Pirulli, 2010), which is a single-phase model based on depth-averaged Saint Venant equations. Pathways of different lengths are studied to assess the input data necessary to design the protection barrier and to determine the associated risk. Simulation of the barrier at different places along the valley will also allow to determine optimal barrier location in terms of minimum residual risks by comparing the velocity, the volume and the energy of the debris after the barrier impact.The work will produce a possible design scheme to be adopted in this environment."

Jan 1, 2015

By Baisheng Nie

The process of gas diffusion through coal particles and the mathematical physical model under the third kind boundary condition was determined to obtain the rules of gas diffusion through coal particles of different sizes. The analytical solution of the equation was obtained by the Method of Mathematical Physics. The parameters of analytical solutions and the implications of parameters were analyzed. The Biot criterion (Bi) and the Fourier criterion (F0) of mass transfer can represent and reflect the features of gas diffusion field of coal particles. Moreover, the measurement method of gas diffusion coefficient and surface mass transfer coefficient is introduced and an example of measurement is given. The achievement can provide the support to prevent disasters related to methane in coal mines.

Aug 1, 2013

By E. G. Joe

"Recent trends in Canadian mineral processing were reported in seven areas of interest covered by seventeen technical papers at the 1976 Annual Meeting of the Canadian Mineral Processors, held at Energy, Mines and Resources' Camsell Hall, Ottawa. New milling equipment included the Enviro-Clear thickener, large-volume Outokumpu flotation machines and abrasion-resistant polyurethane screens. Grinding experiences from a variety of milling operations were reported. Opportunities for increased sizing and grinding efficiency were presented. Flotation control by digital computer and by chemical additions were described in two mill operations. Slurry pumping and sampling techniques were described for various operations. Environmental control in milling was reported concerning dust suppression, arsenic removal and tailings disposal. Several aspects of gold milling were described by the most recently commissioned gold mine and by CANMET. Potash operations were reported showing the similarity of processing and process control to that of metallic minerals."

Jan 1, 1976

By K. Szczesny

This paper considers the integration of uncertain real-time logistics data for reactive construction scheduling. In order to manage a construction project efficiently, an accurate schedule representing the current project progress is inevitable. The quality and up-to-dateness of such a schedule depends on the availability of real-time data. Typically, real-time logistics data contain information about the availability of material, equipment and personnel as well as delivery dates and site conditions. The accuracy and inherent uncertainty depends on the location where the real-time data was acquired. Currently, the integration of such data into a construction schedule is a very time-consuming, manual and, thus, errorprone process. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology that enables an automatic integration of such uncertain data into construction schedules. By integrating uncertainties into the existing schedule their impacts on the construction work can be evaluated. For this, discrete event simulation is applied. In order to model uncertain input parameters for simulation models this methodology applies the fuzzy sets theory. In combination with alpha-cut sampling technique, discrete model input parameters are obtained. By applying reactive scheduling with several discrete event simulation experiments, the results can be used to modify construction schedules according to agreed timeframes and costs. In order to demonstrate and validate the presented approach an example is conducted.

Aug 1, 2013

By Sakellariou M., Ferentinou M.

Determination of the nonlinear behavior of multivariate dynamic systems often presents a challenging and demanding task. Therefore, complex geomechanics systems are an ideal area for the application of intelligent methods. Often the physical problem is controlled by nonlinear equations, conveying to the use of neural networks. Hudson, (1992a), aiming at efficient engineering modelling and design, introduced and developed Rock Engineering Systems (RES) approach, through the implementation of generic interaction matrix GIM. This approach has been used for a wide variety of rock engineering and other problems, resulting in many case studies available, which illustrate the application of RES to rock engineering problems. Considering the spectrum of the coding methods for the Generic Interaction Matrix, we suggest an objective coding approach. Among the five proposed coding GIM methods, the coding method according to the slope of Pi and Pj relation is relatively accurate, but it might be difficult or impossible to establish or estimate the exact relation of Pi vs Pj for most of the variables involved within a rock engineering system. Self organising maps, are a special type of unsupervised artificial neural networks, which can learn from complex, multidimensional data, and transform them to visually decipherable clusters. The proposed, coding of the GIM, is performed through the combined use of scatter plots produced through, (SOM), and the coding according Pi vs Pj slope. Naghadehi et al., (2013) constructed a database of worldwide experience, in open-pit mine slope stability, the selection of the principal factors was based on Hudson (1992a) who proposed an ‘atlas’ of factors affecting the stability of rock slopes. Slope classification was performed according to status of stability. The rating of the GIM matrix was completed, coupling scatter matrix produced by SOM training, and Pi vs Pj slope plot. Results refer to the identification of clusters, according to status of stability within the original multivariate data set, and the rating of the principal factors according to the dominance and interaction intensity within the open pit mines RES.

Jan 1, 2015

By T. G. Sitharam, Resmi Sebastian

"Wave propagation studies across jointed rocks have significance in the fields of rock mechanics and geophysics. The passage of a seismic wave induces strains in rocks and often, these strains are of low magnitudes except at the vicinity of source. These low magnitude strains are generally in the elastic range and hence elastic constants necessary for the design and analysis of strength of rock mass, can be derived from wave velocities. Measurement of travel time velocities and measurement of resonance frequencies are the two methods usually adopted for obtaining wave propagation velocities.Resonant column apparatus measures wave velocities from the resonant frequencies obtained during testing. Depending on the type vibration applied, torsional or flexural, shear and compression wave velocities are secured. By varying the amplitude of vibrations applied, various strain levels can be introduced and corresponding resonant frequencies and wave velocities can be calculated. The resonant column experiments were performed on a model material, hardened Plaster of Paris (POP) samples, in laboratory. The paper explains the preparation of samples and the working mechanism of resonant column apparatus along with the estimation of wave velocity from resonant frequency. The numerical simulation of resonant column apparatus using distinct element method and its validation with the experimental results are presented in the paper.A distinct element code is usually used to simulate the movement of materials with intersecting discontinuities. Finite rotations and displacements of individual blocks representing the material are permitted and new contacts between the blocks are identified as the calculation progresses. Three dimensional Distinct Element Code (3DEC), the software intended for the numerical simulation of rock engineering projects, can well simulate the behavior of jointed rocks under static and dynamic loading conditions. The numerical simulation of resonant column apparatus has been performed with 3DEC considering its efficiency in modeling jointed rocks.The numerical modeling of the resonant column apparatus with application of torsional and flexural vibrations to the sample is elaborated in the paper. The response of samples to a range of frequencies is obtained and the frequency that induces maximum displacement in the sample is measured as the resonant frequency, for any particular strain level. The displacements measured at various points of the sample during application of vibrations are compared and presented. The numerical modeling of resonant column apparatus with an intact sample (without joint) and a sample with a joint incorporated are explained at a particular strain level. The resonant frequencies obtained from laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are compared and illustrated. It has been found that resonant frequencies obtained using numerical and laboratory experiments are in good comparison and can be extended for various strain levels and sample conditions."

Jan 1, 2015

By J. Ouellet

The authors participated in a study for a new mine shaft in Saskatchewan?s Athabasca Basin where ground freezing is desired to reduce water inflows. Constraints were imposed on the design in terms of permissible water leakage (less than 10 m3 / hour) inside the shaft. Since the shaft goes through highly permeable formations, water control measures had to be incorporated into the design. Ground freezing was selected as the most reliable and proven method for the sinking and a hydrostatic liner design was implemented. While exploring various technological options available for providing a fully hydrostatic liner, the authors came up with a new design concept that offers a more cost effective solution while meeting all the design constraints. The new liner concept is a composite design using concrete and a sprayed-on membrane system. A proof of concept program comprising laboratory testing and field testing was successfully implemented. This paper presents the innovative liner design, as well as the adapted sinking methodology, developed for this type of project. The new concept offers a new cost effective high performance hydrostatic mine shaft liner comparing favorably with traditional methods. RESUME: Les auteurs ont réalisé une étude pour un nouveau puits de mine dans le Bassin de l?Athabasca en Saskatchewan. Des limites sévères sont imposées sur le design en terme de volume d?infiltration d?eau acceptable (moins de 10 m3 / heure). Comme ce puits de mine traverse des formations très perméables la congélation des terrains a été sélectionnée, une méthode éprouvée et fiable. Un design hydrostatique a été choisi pour le revêtement du puits. Dans le processus de design, les différentes technologies disponibles ont été étudiées. Les auteurs ont développé un nouveau concept de revêtement composite offrant un rapport performance/prix plus avantageux que les technologies conventionnelles. Le nouveau design proposé est composé de béton et d?une membrane projetée. Un programme expérimental a été réalisé pour démontrer la faisabilité du concept. Cet article présente le nouveau concept ainsi que la méthodologie de fonçage de puits adaptée. Ce concept innovateur offre un revêtement hydrostatique performant à un cout avantageux par rapport aux techniques de construction utilisées jusqu&apos;à maintenant.

Jun 1, 2012