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[JAMES A. BARR Consulting Engineer Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee Washington, D.C. BEHRE DOLBEAR & COMPANY Consulting Mining Engineers and Geologists 11 Broadway New York 4, N. Y. BLANDFORD C. BURGESS Registered Professional Engineer Mining Consultant Montieello, Georgia GLENVILLE A. COLLINS Mining Engineer Uranium examinations Cable "Coins" 210 La Arcada Bldg. Santa Barbara, Calif.]

Jan 1, 1952

By Dan A. Permenter

This paper assesses some of the critical factors that must be considered and addressed in the implementation of small computer systems for technical applications within a coal company. Aspects of hardware selection that are somewhat specific to the coal industry are discussed, and a table of potential areas of application is presented. The dilemma of internal software development is presented and a software development program based on a users group approach is outlined and discussed in detail.

Jan 1, 1983

AN UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR INSTITUTE MEMBERS to increase or complete their sets of the Transactions. In order to encourage the custom of members increasing each year the number of Volumes of the Transactions in their private libraries until the sets are complete, the Board of Directors has authorized the sale of Transactions previous to the year 1913 at the following greatly reduced rates. This offer is made effective for sales made only during the year 1914, and applies only to members in good standing, and to libraries. The reduced price automatically ceases to apply to any volume when the total number of such volume left in stock is reduced to fifty (50).

Jan 12, 1913

This month, Foote Mineral Co. will start to commercially recover tin in the area of Kings Mountain, North Carolina. For 50 years there have been intermittant efforts to recover it but it has finally become economic as a by-product in the mining and concentrating of the associated lithium ore. An unusual deposit of a nonmetallic mineral which is high in sericite, low in quartzite, and similar in physical characteristics to pinite, has been discovered by the Summit Mining Corp. in Adams County, Pa. Work is in progress to determine its suitability for ceramics, fillers, and extenders for insecticides.

Jan 10, 1951

By Eugene S. Perry

The most notable development in oil and gas operations in Montana during 1938 were extensions to the Kevin-Sunburst and Cut Bank fields. No new fields were discovered, although about 20 widely scattered wildcat wells were operated. Within or adjacent to proved fields about 100 wells were drilled, resulting in 81 oil wells and 14 gas wells. In general, production activities were below those of 1937, largely because of market conditions. Markets for crude were improved late in the year by construction of refinerirs at Pocatello, Idaho, Spokane, Washington and Cut Bank; and also by price concessions. However, demand was much

Jan 1, 1939

By Eugene S. Perry

The most notable development in oil and gas operations in Montana during 1938 were extensions to the Kevin-Sunburst and Cut Bank fields. No new fields were discovered, although about 20 widely scattered wildcat wells were operated. Within or adjacent to proved fields about 100 wells were drilled, resulting in 81 oil wells and 14 gas wells. In general, production activities were below those of 1937, largely because of market conditions. Markets for crude were improved late in the year by construction of refinerirs at Pocatello, Idaho, Spokane, Washington and Cut Bank; and also by price concessions. However, demand was much

Jan 1, 1939

By Carl Wagner

J. Pearson (British Iron and Steel Research Association, London, England)—Dr. Wagner has referred to the work of Richardson and Dancy and Gellner and Richardson on the reduction at 900 °C of wiistite films on iron. He has assumed that iron ions and electrons migrate backwards to the iron-wustite interface and that the reduced iron grows on the metal substrate. This would be a possible explanation of the results of these workers were it not for the fact that, as stated by Gellner and Richardson but not stressed, this growth in the center of the specimen can occur even

Jan 1, 1953

By J. J. Scott, L. Adler3

L. Adler (Assoc. Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacks-burg, Va.) - Dr. Scott is to be commended for undertaking the arduous and specialized task of applying three-dimensional photoelastic techniques to a mining problem. However, 1 feel his analysis suffers seriously from a lack of clarification on one important matter, among several others; and that the paper as a whole lacks balance and thus tends to confuse the reader. 1) The major technical criticism refers to the fact that nowhere are the boundary conditions for his mod-

Jan 1, 1964

Reducing Fusion: The impure or low grade uranium concentrate is mixed with a formulated flux of sodium carbonate, salt, and sawdust or fuel oil and heated, while being stirred, to about 950°C. This reduces the uranium to the black, water insoluble uranium dioxide and with the exception of nonamphoteric metals forms water soluble sodium salts of the vanadium, alumina, silica, phosphates, and other constituents of the cake. The cooled melt is then water leached, leaving a residue of black insoluble uranium dioxide. "Green Sludge" Digestion and Liquor Purification: The green sludge is redissolved in acid, and by selective precipitation involving pH adjustments and a final neutralization

Jun 1, 1956

The volumes of Transactions, which are published annually, contain the list of officers, rules, etc., the Proceedings, and the papers revised for final publication. (In this revision, after the preliminary publication, authors are permitted to use the largest liberty; and the changes and additions made in papers are sometimes important. It should be borne in mind by those who study or quote a paper in the preliminary edition, that they may not have in that form the ultimate and deliberate expression of the author's views. It should be added, however, that in the majority of cases there are no important changes.) These volumes are for sale as follows, in paper covers:

Jan 1, 1917

No. 484.-A mining engineer and geologist of long and varied experience in North and South America is open for an engagement. Exploration and development work preferred. Rare minerals a specialty. No. 485.-Member, mining engineer, technical graduate, married, age 28, exempt, with 9 years experience at gold and silver, copper, lead, and coal mines, 4 years with present employers, is open for engagement as mine superintendent or foreman, or in charge of cyanide plant. Boston or New York interview after Oct. 10. Present position, day foreman at producing gold-silver mine in Montana. References. No. 486.-Member, age 34, married, varied experience in iron, copper, nickel, talc, etc., principally as surveyor, mine and surface geologist, and superintendent of explorations, is open for engagement. Preference, connection with some eastern consulting engineer or firm of engineers. No. 487.-Member, mine superintendent, 18 years' experience in the West and in the Lake Superior districts. Thorough business and technical training. Personal interview, preferably Chicago.

Jan 10, 1918

By Robert B. Schlosser

Anaconda's Jackpile uranium mine is a multi- million-ton open pit sandstone deposit, producing some 3000 tpd for the company mill. With minor exceptions, the orebody is in equilibrium, and the backbone of ore-grade control is the radiometric assay, which fortunately is dependable. Preparatory Sample Drilling: Before it is stripped, the orebody is diamond-drilled on 200-ft centers N-S and 100-ft centers E-W. Drill core is logged, split, and assayed radiometrically, and several samples are assayed chemically to check the equilibrium status. This information establishes the pit outline and the first rough estimate of ore. After stripping, diamond drill data is supplemented by rotary drillholes on 50-ft centers. Dry chip samples, collected every 2 ft, are prepared and assayed radiometrically at the mine. Details of the orebody are then available for study, and the basic mining plan is drawn up.

Jan 10, 1958

By P. Barnes

In a paper recently read before the Institute by Mr. W. A. Goodyear, a useful presentation was made of the subject of the production of' water-gas on a large scale, by the use of a regenerative form of apparatus. By way of supplement to that paper, a brief statement of the details of a plan which was carried out at the works of the Elgin National Watch Company at Elgin, Ill., may be of interest, 'although the ultimate result of the working of the producer was not successful or satisfactory. This company had decided to build a gas-works for the supply of illuminating gas to their factory, on a much larger scale than that of the petroleum-works which had very successfully supplied the smaller buildings for many years, and in March, 1882, the material for a gas-making cupola furnace was purchased. A few weeks later it was decided to make the attempt to bnrn the gas under the steam-

Jan 1, 1884

S. F. EMMONS RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP. The movement was started by a number of the friends and admirers of the late S. F. Emmons, Economic Geologist of the United States Geological Survey, to perpetuate his name through a fellowship to be known as the ?S. F. Emmons Research Fellowship," and they have succeeded in raising some $13,000 for the purpose of carrying on research work in economic geology. The Committee in charge of this Memorial Fund has succeeded in obtaining the co-operation of Professors Kemp, of Columbia, Irving, of Yale, and Lindgren, of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the administration of this fellowship. These three gentlemen are respectively geologists of the institutions mentioned and are exceptionally qualified to determine in what direction the fund can be best administered. It is hoped that additional contributions will be forthcoming from many who have heard of this movement. Subscriptions are invited and may be sent to any one of these gentlemen, or to Benjamin B. Lawrence, Treasurer, No. 60 Wall Street, New York City.

Jan 10, 1913

The Library of the above-named Societies is open frond 9 A.M. to 10 P.M., except on holidays. It contains about 70,000 volumes and 90,000 pamphlets, including sets of technical periodicals and the publications of scientific and technical societies. Members of the Institute, with few exceptions, are forced to spend a portion of their time in localities isolated front sources of information. To these the Library, through Its Library Service Bureau, can render valuable service through correspondence; letters requesting information will receive especial attention. The Library is prepared to furnish references and photographic copies of articles on mining and metallurgical subjects; to determine the existence of mining neaps, and to furnish general information on the geology and mineral resources of all countries. All communications should he made as definite as possible so that the information received may be what is desired and not include collateral matter which may not be of interest. The time spent in searching for such collateral matter will be saved, and the information will be, sent more promptly and in more usable shape.

Jan 1, 1917

By J. W. Halley

COPPER has frequently been recommended as an alloying element for steel and the precipitation-hardening of steels containing from 1 to 2 per cent copper has been studied by a number of investigators. The straight copper steels, however, have not been used extensively and little advantage has been taken of the precipitation-hardening of complex steels containing appreciable amounts of copper. It is diffi-cult to produce a satisfactory surface on the straight copper steels and undoubtedly this has discouraged their use. During recent years a number of steels containing enough copper to make them susceptible to precipitation-hardening have been put on the market. These steels belong to the group usually referred to as "low-alloy high-tensile" steels. They were designed for use in the "hot-rolled" condition; transportation equipment and large structures that cannot be readily heat-treated have been their chief application. Little emphasis has been placed on the possibility of strengthening those containing substantial amounts of copper by precipitation-hardening. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the precipitation-hardening characteristic of one of the "low-alloy steels."

Jan 1, 1940

By Erwin S. Sperry

The presence of small amounts of tellurium in certain binds of copper, and its exceptionally deleterious* influence in producing red-shortness of this metal, led the author to conduct a few experiments on the influence of tellurium on the properties of brass. While these experiments were not intended to be exhaustive, they demonstrate that, as far as the rolling of brass is concerned, tellurium, unless it occurs in far greater amounts than exist in refined copper, cannot be called an injurious impurity. In comparatively large amounts it appears to impart cold-shortness to high-brass. Tellurium, the rare element that it is considered to be, has recently been extracted on a large scale from the slimes of an American electrolytic copper-works. They have, in attempts to discover some commercial use for it, sent it out promiscuously and gratuitously in quantities which would lead the young chemical student to fancy that a rare element exists only in name. Through the courtesy of Mr. R. L. Whitehead, of Baltimore, the author was able to obtain somewhat over 2 lbs.,? and use it in quantities which, at the market price, would be prohibitive. In order to add specific quantities of tellurium to brass, a rich alloy of copper and tellurium was previously made. The method was as follows, viz.: Nine and one-half lbs. of Lake copper were melted un-. der charcoal in a new plumbago crucible, and then pound of tellurium was added in small portions at a time. The mixture was stirred with a plumbago-stirrer and poured into

Jan 1, 1903

ABIDE from the John Fritz Medal, in which the Institute participates through its representation on the John Fritz Medal Board, the Institute itself has three major awards to make annually and one special prize for excellence in technical papers, as follows. The Robert W. Hunt Medal and Prize, The J. E. Johnson, Jr., Award, the James Douglas Medal, and The Lewisohn Platinum Prize to senior members. ROBERT W. HUNT MEDAL AND PRIZE The partners of Robert W. Hunt established a fund which was presented to the Institute at a fitting' ceremony on May 27, 1920, to establish an annual medal and a sum of money to be awarded under the following rules ? 1 The award shall consist of two prizes, first of a gold medal, second of a sum of money, a certificate to accompany each prize. The money prize shall not be awarded to a member over 40 years of age, but under unusual circumstances, both prizes may be allotted to one person provided that he is not over 40 years of age In general it will be understood that the Committee shall award the money prize to the younger men, rather than the medal. 2 The awards shall be made not oftener than once a year to that person or persons contributing to the Institute the best original paper or papers on iron and steel The scope of the term "iron and steel" shall be determined by the sub-committee considering the awards In general, papers dealing with the practical side of the subject have preference over those dealing with the theoretical side in recognition of the fact that Captain Hunt's main contributions to the industry have been in the improvement of production and quality of material

Jan 1, 1923

R. W. Balluffi (Atomic Energy Div., Sylvania Electric Products Inc., Bayside, N. Y.)—Since porosity is known to form in the copper side of Cu-Ni couples during diffusion24,25 it is of importance to consider this factor in interpreting the large variations of chemical diffusivity with copper concentration reported for this system. The presence of porosity may affect the measurement of D in two ways: 1—density changes in the couple invalidate the usual solutions of the diffusion equation, and 2—the pores may act as short-circuiting paths when transport through the vapor or along internal surfaces is appreciable or else as open circuits when these effects are small. The error produced by the first effect may be estimated by a graphical analysis. Fig. 8 shows the porosity generated in the copper side of the Kirkendall interface of a pure nickel vs pure copper couple after diffusion for 350 hr at 1040°C in hydrogen. In Fig. 9 the actual diffusion curve which would be obtained by the usual slicing technique is shown as a solid line drawn to the same scale (from the data of da Silva and Mehl"). The amounts of porosity (obtained by lineal analysis) and of nickel are graphically represented by the hatched areas. The standard solutions of the diffusion equation are valid only when all volume elements of unit length and unit cross section contain equal numbers of atoms." It is possible to correct the experimental curve to satisfy this condition by shrinking the couple in the direction of diffusion in such a way as to eliminate the porosity.* The corrected diffusion curve obtained after

Jan 1, 1954

By Francis Pyne

THE following notes are presented in an endeavour to point out the disadvantages attending the use of chrome brick in reverberatory furnaces used in the treatment of materials that are too valuable to allow any great amount of metal absorption by the brick. Several years ago one of the large Eastern copper refineries decided to utilize basic material in place of siliceous material in the walls of their reverberatory furnaces for the treatment of very foul blister copper, as the latter rapidly corroded the siliceous linings. It was also expected that there would be less slag formation, with a consequent decrease in the cost of treatment and a reduction in the metal losses. Magnesite brick were first used, but while the corrosive action of the foul material was greatly reduced, and the amount of. slag formed was very much less, the magnesite proved to be unsatisfactory in certain parts of the furnace, because of its tendency to crack and span badly when subjected to the alternate heating and cooling that takes place in a reverberatory refining furnace. This made many repairs necessary, and consequent frequent interruption in the operation of the furnace, which, together with the high price of the magnesite brick, ran up the cost of maintenance to an unreasonable amount. It was, therefore, decided to substitute chronic brick for magnesite brick in the parts of the furnace affected. The results, as far as the reverberatory furnace was concerned, were very satisfactory. The corrosion due to the action of the foul blister was small and the amount of slag formed was no greater than when using magnesite, and the tendency to crack and spill shown by the magnesite was eliminated. Gradually the use of chrome brick was extended to all furnaces; those treating blister copper as well as those melting cathodes, and the results were so satin-, factory that the siliceous roofs were replaced by roofs of chrome brick except in certain places where experience showed a more satisfactory performance on the part of the silica brick.

Jan 12, 1917